http://armadeus.org/wiki/api.php?action=feedcontributions&feedformat=atom&user=NicolasDArmadeusWiki - User contributions [en]2026-04-05T22:12:12ZUser contributionsMediaWiki 1.26.3http://armadeus.org/wiki/index.php?title=Android&diff=7536Android2009-10-28T16:51:00Z<p>NicolasD: add kernel path definition</p>
<hr />
<div>[[Image:Android-logo.png]]<br />
<br />
This page will sumarize the efforts made to have Android running on the APF boards.<br />
<br />
{{Note| Due to Android requirements (at least an ARM926 core), it is impossible to have it running on the APF9328}}<br />
<br />
==Some readings before starting==<br />
* http://developer.android.com/guide/basics/what-is-android.html<br />
<br />
==Prerequisites for Android installation==<br />
===Install needed software packages===<br />
* Install these package for build the kernel image and for format the mmc/µSD card<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
sudo apt-get install uboot-mkimage mtd-utils<br />
</pre><br />
* The Armadeus [[Toolchain]], only for Armadeus patches<br />
<br />
===Update the environment variables===<br />
Theses environment variables install the Android and Armadeus folder in our home directory, but of course, it can be placed anywhere!<br />
<pre class="config"><br />
export ANDROID_SOURCE=~/android-eclair<br />
export ANDROID_KERNEL=~/android-kernel<br />
export ANDROID_SDK=~/android-sdk-linux<br />
export ARMADEUS=~/armadeus-3.1<br />
export PATH=${PATH}:${ANDROID_SDK}/tools:${ANDROID_SOURCE}/bin<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
===Download Android source===<br />
List of different Android branch: [http://android.git.kernel.org/?p=platform/manifest.git;a=heads heads]<br />
The [http://source.android.com/download getting Android source] document describes how to set up our local work environment. <br />
Follow theses instructions until ''Installing Repo'' chapter.<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
mkdir $ANDROID_SOURCE<br />
cd $ANDROID_SOURCE<br />
mkdir bin<br />
curl http://android.git.kernel.org/repo >$ANDROID_SOURCE/bin/repo<br />
chmod a+x $ANDROID_SOURCE/bin/repo<br />
repo init -u git://android.git.kernel.org/platform/manifest.git -b eclair<br />
repo sync<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
Since android-sdk-1.5_r3 branch, the Linux kernel isn't with the Android source, <br />
We can download it in a compress archive (tar.gz) file with this [http://android.git.kernel.org/?p=kernel/common.git;a=snapshot;h=refs/heads/android-2.6.29;sf=tgz android-kernel-2.6.29] (about (70Mib) or with git repository (more 300Mib)<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
mkdir $ANDROID_KERNEL<br />
cd $ANDROID_KERNEL<br />
git clone git://android.git.kernel.org/kernel/common.git android-2.6.29<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
==Linux Kernel 2.6.29==<br />
===Apply the Armadeus patchset===<br />
Before compiling the kernel, we patch the source with the Armadeus patches. In second time, I will give the URL to retrieve Linux 2.6.29.4 patch.<br />
{{Warning| Never export ARCH and CROSS_COMPILE environment variables because Android make use them too}}<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ARMADEUS/buildroot/toolchain/patch-kernel.sh $ANDROID_KERNEL $ARMADEUS/downloads patch-2.6.29.4.bz2<br />
$ARMADEUS/buildroot/toolchain/patch-kernel.sh $ANDROID_KERNEL $ARMADEUS/buildroot/target/device/armadeus/linux/kernel-patches/2.6.29.4 \*.patch{,.gz,.bz2}<br />
mkdir $ANDROID_KERNEL/drivers/armadeus<br />
cp -r $ARMADEUS/target/linux/modules/* $ANDROID_KERNEL/drivers/armadeus<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
For generate the Linux kernel, we retrieve the default apf27 Linux configuration and modify it for start Android.<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
cp $ARMADEUS/buildroot/target/device/armadeus/apf27/apf27-linux-2.6.29.config $ANDROID_KERNEL/arch/arm/configs/apf27_android_defconfig<br />
cd $ANDROID_KERNEL<br />
make ARCH=arm mrproper<br />
make ARCH=arm apf27_android_defconfig<br />
make ARCH=arm menuconfig<br />
</pre><br />
===Android kernel configuration===<br />
Make sure your kernel boots normally on your board. Then enable some Android specific configuration and make sure that your kernel still boots (with your standard file system).<br />
* Activate the Android pmem allocator<br />
<pre class="config"><br />
Device Drivers ---><br />
[*] Misc devices ---><br />
[*] Android pmem allocator<br />
</pre><br />
* Activate the Android drivers<br />
<pre class="config"><br />
Device Drivers ---><br />
[*] Staging drivers ---> <br />
[ ] Exclude Staging drivers from being built (NEW)<br />
...<br />
Android ---><br />
[*] Android Drivers<br />
[*] Android Binder IPC Driver<br />
<*> Android log driver <br />
[ ] Android RAM buffer console<br />
[*] Timed output class driver (NEW)<br />
< > Android timed gpio driver (NEW)<br />
[*] Android Low Memory Killer <br />
</pre><br />
* Activate the Anonymous Shared Memory Subsystem<br />
<pre class="config"><br />
General setup ---><br />
[*] Enable the Anonymous Shared Memory Subsystem<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
===Touchscreen kernel configuration===<br />
* Activate the wake lock for spi event reach to Android and include in the compiled kernel the touchscreen driver<br />
<pre class="config"><br />
Power management options ---><br />
[*] Wake lock<br />
[*] Wake lock stats (NEW)<br />
[*] Userspace wake locks (NEW)<br />
[*] Early suspend (NEW) <br />
User-space screen access (Console switch on early-suspend) ---><br />
(X) Sysfs interface <br />
...<br />
Device Drivers ---><br />
Input device support ---><br />
[*] Touchscreens ---><br />
<*> TSC 2102 based touchscreens<br />
...<br />
<*> Hardware Monitoring support ---><br />
</pre><br />
===Audio kernel configuration===<br />
* Include in the compiled kernel the audio driver<br />
<pre class="config"><br />
Device Drivers ---><br />
<*> Sound card support ---><br />
--- Sound card support<br />
<*> Advanced Linux Sound Architecture ---><br />
[*] ARM sound devices ---><br />
--- ARM sound <br />
<*> i.MX27 SSI driver<br />
<*> TSC210x alsa driver<br />
</pre><br />
===Modify touchscreen driver===<br />
Android don't use tslib library so we should add the calibration directly in ts drivers<br><br />
edit ''$ANDROID_KERNEL/drivers/input/touchscreen/tsc2102_ts.c''<br><br />
Add new definitions for X and Y ranges<br />
<source lang="c"><br />
#define DRIVER_NAME "TSC210x Touchscreen"<br />
#define X_AXIS_MAX 4000<br />
#define X_AXIS_MIN 0<br />
#define Y_AXIS_MAX 4200<br />
#define Y_AXIS_MIN 100<br />
#define PRESSURE_MIN 20<br />
#define PRESSURE_MAX 40000<br />
#define FACTOR 5000<br />
</source><br />
Send touch event to Android when the user release the touchscreen<br />
<source lang="c"><br />
static void tsc210x_touch(int touching)<br />
{<br />
if (!touching) {<br />
//input_report_abs(dev, ABS_X, 0);<br />
//input_report_abs(dev, ABS_Y, 0);<br />
input_report_key(dev, BTN_TOUCH, 0);<br />
input_report_abs(dev, ABS_PRESSURE, 0);<br />
input_sync(dev);<br />
}<br />
<br />
//input_report_key(dev, BTN_TOUCH, touching);<br />
//do_poke_blanked_console = 1;<br />
}<br />
</source><br />
<source lang="c"><br />
static void tsc210x_coords(int x, int y, int z1, int z2)<br />
{<br />
int p;<br />
<br />
/* Calculate the touch resistance a la equation #1 */<br />
if (z1 != 0)<br />
p = x * (z2 - z1) / (z1 << 4) * FACTOR;<br />
else<br />
p = 1;<br />
<br />
y = Y_AXIS_MAX - y;<br />
input_report_key(dev, BTN_TOUCH, 1);<br />
input_report_abs(dev, ABS_X, x);<br />
input_report_abs(dev, ABS_Y, y);<br />
input_report_abs(dev, ABS_PRESSURE, p);<br />
input_sync(dev);<br />
}<br />
</source><br />
Calibrate the touchscreen with X and Y ranges<br />
<source lang="c"><br />
static int tsc210x_ts_probe(struct platform_device *pdev)<br />
{<br />
int status;<br />
<br />
dev = input_allocate_device();<br />
if (!dev)<br />
return -ENOMEM;<br />
<br />
status = tsc210x_touch_cb(tsc210x_touch);<br />
if (status)<br />
{<br />
goto error;<br />
}<br />
<br />
status = tsc210x_coords_cb(tsc210x_coords);<br />
if (status)<br />
{<br />
goto error;<br />
}<br />
<br />
dev->name = DRIVER_NAME;<br />
dev->dev.parent = &pdev->dev;<br />
dev->evbit[0] = BIT_MASK(EV_KEY) | BIT_MASK(EV_ABS);<br />
dev->keybit[BIT_WORD(BTN_TOUCH)] |= BIT_MASK(BTN_TOUCH);<br />
dev->absbit[0] = BIT_MASK(ABS_X) | BIT_MASK(ABS_Y) | BIT_MASK(ABS_PRESSURE);<br />
input_set_abs_params(dev, ABS_X, X_AXIS_MIN, X_AXIS_MAX, 0, 0);<br />
input_set_abs_params(dev, ABS_Y, Y_AXIS_MIN, Y_AXIS_MAX, 0, 0);<br />
input_set_abs_params(dev, ABS_PRESSURE, PRESSURE_MIN, PRESSURE_MAX, 0, 0);<br />
status = input_register_device(dev);<br />
if (status)<br />
{<br />
printk(KERN_INFO "Unable to register TSC210x as input device !\n");<br />
goto error;<br />
}<br />
<br />
printk(DRIVER_NAME " driver initialized\n");<br />
return 0;<br />
<br />
error:<br />
input_free_device(dev);<br />
return status;<br />
}<br />
</source><br />
===Build Android kernel===<br />
Compile the kernel and generate image kernel for U-Boot Loader<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
cd $ANDROID_KERNEL<br />
make ARCH=arm CROSS_COMPILE=$ANDROID_SOURCE/prebuilt/linux-x86/toolchain/arm-eabi-4.2.1/bin/arm-eabi- uImage<br />
cp $ANDROID_KERNEL/arch/arm/boot/uImage $TFTPBOOT/apf27-linux.bin<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
==Android==<br />
===Battery patch===<br />
At the beginning, reboot happened over again even though Android logo appeared on board.<br />
Result of investigation, we found that battery power was returned with 0 when boot.. Then, we changed to notify full battery to Android by ignoring the information under ''/sys/class/power_supply'' so that to prevent the power down by low battery ''$ANDROID_SOURCE/frameworks/base/services/jni/com_android_server_BatteryService.cpp''<br />
*Change the battery service status as TRUE<br />
<source lang="c"><br />
static void setBooleanField(JNIEnv* env, jobject obj, const char* path, jfieldID fieldID)<br />
{<br />
const int SIZE = 16;<br />
char buf[SIZE];<br />
<br />
jboolean value = true; /* change false -> true */<br />
/*!!!comment out!!!<br />
if (readFromFile(path, buf, SIZE) > 0) {<br />
if (buf[0] == '1') {<br />
value = true;<br />
}<br />
}<br />
*/<br />
env->SetBooleanField(obj, fieldID, value);<br />
}<br />
</source><br />
*Change the volume, voltage and temperature of battery. Return 100%.<br />
<source lang="c"><br />
static void setIntField(JNIEnv* env, jobject obj, const char* path, jfieldID fieldID)<br />
{<br />
const int SIZE = 128;<br />
char buf[SIZE];<br />
<br />
jint value = 100; /* change 0 -> 100 */<br />
/*!!!comment out!!!<br />
if (readFromFile(path, buf, SIZE) > 0) {<br />
value = atoi(buf);<br />
}<br />
*/<br />
env->SetIntField(obj, fieldID, value);<br />
}<br />
</source><br />
* Change the battery charged status as full and deterioration status as fair.<br />
<source lang="c"><br />
static void android_server_BatteryService_update(JNIEnv* env, jobject obj)<br />
{<br />
setBooleanField(env, obj, AC_ONLINE_PATH, gFieldIds.mAcOnline);<br />
setBooleanField(env, obj, USB_ONLINE_PATH, gFieldIds.mUsbOnline);<br />
setBooleanField(env, obj, BATTERY_PRESENT_PATH, gFieldIds.mBatteryPresent);<br />
<br />
setIntField(env, obj, BATTERY_CAPACITY_PATH, gFieldIds.mBatteryLevel);<br />
setIntField(env, obj, BATTERY_VOLTAGE_PATH, gFieldIds.mBatteryVoltage);<br />
setIntField(env, obj, BATTERY_TEMPERATURE_PATH, gFieldIds.mBatteryTemperature);<br />
<br />
/* Change */<br />
env->SetIntField(obj, gFieldIds.mBatteryStatus, gConstants.statusFull);<br />
env->SetIntField(obj, gFieldIds.mBatteryHealth, gConstants.healthGood);<br />
env->SetObjectField(obj, gFieldIds.mBatteryTechnology, env->NewStringUTF("1"));<br />
<br />
/*!!!comment out!!!<br />
const int SIZE = 128;<br />
char buf[SIZE];<br />
<br />
if (readFromFile(BATTERY_STATUS_PATH, buf, SIZE) > 0)<br />
env->SetIntField(obj, gFieldIds.mBatteryStatus, getBatteryStatus(buf));<br />
<br />
if (readFromFile(BATTERY_HEALTH_PATH, buf, SIZE) > 0)<br />
env->SetIntField(obj, gFieldIds.mBatteryHealth, getBatteryHealth(buf));<br />
<br />
if (readFromFile(BATTERY_TECHNOLOGY_PATH, buf, SIZE) > 0)<br />
env->SetObjectField(obj, gFieldIds.mBatteryTechnology, env->NewStringUTF(buf));<br />
*/<br />
}<br />
</source><br />
<br />
===Audio===<br />
For activate the audio, we should retrieve Alsa android module whose not directly add in the source<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
cd $ANDROID_SOURCE/external<br />
git clone git://android.git.kernel.org/platform/external/alsa-lib.git<br />
git clone git://android.git.kernel.org/platform/external/alsa-utils.git<br />
cd $ANDROID_SOURCE/hardware <br />
git clone git://android.git.kernel.org/platform/hardware/alsa_sound.git<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
edit ''$ANDROID_SOURCE/build/target/board/generic/BoardConfig.mk'' and modify the audio divers used by Android<br />
<pre class="config"> <br />
# HAVE_HTC_AUDIO_DRIVER := true<br />
# BOARD_USES_GENERIC_AUDIO := true<br />
BOARD_USES_ALSA_AUDIO := true<br />
BUILD_WITH_ALSA_UTILS := true<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
edit ''$ANDROID_SOURCE/hardware/alsa_sound/AudioHardwareALSA.cpp'' and change bufferSize to 8192 in twice StreamDefaults structures <br><br />
edit ''$ANDROID_SOURCE/system/core/init/device.c'' and add audio device in Linux devices<br />
<source lang="c"><br />
static struct perms_ devperms[] = {<br />
{ "/dev/null", 0666, AID_ROOT, AID_ROOT, 0 },<br />
...<br />
{ "/dev/qmi1", 0640, AID_RADIO, AID_RADIO, 0 },<br />
{ "/dev/qmi2", 0640, AID_RADIO, AID_RADIO, 0 },<br />
// Add this line<br />
{ "/dev/snd/", 0664, AID_SYSTEM, AID_AUDIO, 1 },<br />
{ NULL, 0, 0, 0, 0 },<br />
};<br />
</source><br />
<br />
<source lang="c"><br />
static void handle_device_event(struct uevent *uevent)<br />
{<br />
char devpath[96];<br />
char *base, *name;<br />
int block;<br />
...<br />
} else if(!strncmp(uevent->subsystem, "mtd", 3)) {<br />
base = "/dev/mtd/";<br />
mkdir(base, 0755);<br />
// add this conditionnal block<br />
} else if(!strncmp(uevent->subsystem, "sound", 5)) {<br />
base = "/dev/snd/";<br />
mkdir(base, 0755);<br />
} else if(!strncmp(uevent->subsystem, "misc", 4) &&<br />
!strncmp(name, "log_", 4)) {<br />
base = "/dev/log/";<br />
mkdir(base, 0755);<br />
name += 4;<br />
} else<br />
base = "/dev/";<br />
}<br />
</source><br />
Add audio files in Android files system<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
mkdir $ANDROID_SOURCE/system/core/rootdir/media <br />
mkdir $ANDROID_SOURCE/system/core/rootdir/media/audio <br />
mkdir $ANDROID_SOURCE/system/core/rootdir/media/audio/ui<br />
mkdir $ANDROID_SOURCE/system/core/rootdir/media/audio/alarms <br />
mkdir $ANDROID_SOURCE/system/core/rootdir/media/audio/notifications <br />
mkdir $ANDROID_SOURCE/system/core/rootdir/media/audio/ringtones <br />
cp $ANDROID_SOURCE/frameworks/base/data/sounds/effects/* $ANDROID_SOURCE/system/core/rootdir/media/audio/ui/ <br />
cp $ANDROID_SOURCE/frameworks/base/data/sounds/Alarm_* $ANDROID_SOURCE/system/core/rootdir/media/audio/alarms/<br />
cp $ANDROID_SOURCE/frameworks/base/data/sounds/notifications/* $ANDROID_SOURCE/system/core/rootdir/media/audio/notifications/<br />
cp $ANDROID_SOURCE/frameworks/base/data/sounds/Ring_* $ANDROID_SOURCE/system/core/rootdir/media/audio/ringtones/<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
===Android start up===<br />
Edit ''$ANDROID_SOURCE/system/core/rootdir/init.rc'', comment the '''mount roofs''' in read only mode and '''mount yaffs2''' lines like this:<br />
<pre class="config"><br />
# setup the global environment<br />
export PATH /sbin:/system/sbin:/system/bin:/system/xbin<br />
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH /system/lib<br />
export ANDROID_BOOTLOGO 1<br />
export ANDROID_ROOT /system<br />
export ANDROID_ASSETS /system/app<br />
export ANDROID_DATA /data<br />
export EXTERNAL_STORAGE /sdcard<br />
export BOOTCLASSPATH /system/framework/core.jar:/system/framework/ext.jar:/system/framework/framework.jar:/system/framework/android.policy.jar:/system/framework/services.jar<br />
<br />
mount rootfs rootfs / rw remount<br />
<br />
# Backward compatibility<br />
symlink /system/etc /etc<br />
<br />
# create mountpoints and mount tmpfs on sqlite_stmt_journals<br />
mkdir /sdcard 0000 system system<br />
mkdir /system<br />
mkdir /data 0771 system system<br />
mkdir /cache 0770 system cache<br />
mkdir /sqlite_stmt_journals 01777 root root<br />
mount tmpfs tmpfs /sqlite_stmt_journals size=4m<br />
<br />
mount rootfs rootfs / ro remount<br />
<br />
write /proc/sys/kernel/panic_on_oops 1<br />
write /proc/sys/kernel/hung_task_timeout_secs 0<br />
write /proc/cpu/alignment 4<br />
write /proc/sys/kernel/sched_latency_ns 10000000<br />
write /proc/sys/kernel/sched_wakeup_granularity_ns 2000000<br />
<br />
# mount mtd partitions<br />
# Mount the SD Card partition<br />
setprop EXTERNAL_STORAGE_STATE mounted<br />
mount vfat /dev/block/mmcblk0p1 /sdcard nosuid nodev<br />
<br />
# We chown/chmod /data again so because mount is run as root + defaults<br />
mount ext2 /dev/block/mmcblk0p2 /data nosuid nodev<br />
chown system system /data<br />
chmod 0771 /data<br />
<br />
# Same reason as /data above<br />
chown system cache /cache<br />
chmod 0770 /cache<br />
<br />
# This may have been created by the recovery system with odd permissions<br />
chown system system /cache/recovery<br />
chmod 0770 /cache/recovery<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
===Compile===<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ cd $ANDROID_SOURCE<br />
$ make<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
==Making RootFS==<br />
===Android Root File system===<br />
Android emulator has 3 basic images on ''$ANDROID_SOURCE/tools/lib/images'' directory.<br />
* '''ramdisk.img''' is gziped cpio archive. ramdisk.img is a small partition image that is mounted read-only by the kernel at boot time. It only contains /init and a few config files. It is used to start init which will mount the rest of the system images properly and run the init procedure. A Ramdisk is a standard Linux feature. It is made just for the Android and do special things to start up the Android system.<br />
* '''system.img''' is a partition image that will be mounted as / and thus contains all system binaries.<br />
* '''userdata.img''' is a partition image that can be mounted as /data and thus contains all application-specific and user-specific data.<br />
<br />
===Create the Android root filesystem for apf27===<br />
Android’s root file system is generated in ''$ANDROID_SOURCE/out/target/product/generic''. We will create a folder containing all Android files images. <br />
<pre class="host"><br />
sudo rm -rf $ANDROID_SOURCE/rootfs/<br />
cd $ANDROID_SOURCE/out/target/product/generic<br />
mkdir $ANDROID_SOURCE/rootfs<br />
cp -a root/* $ANDROID_SOURCE/rootfs/<br />
cp -a system/* $ANDROID_SOURCE/rootfs/system/<br />
cd $ANDROID_SOURCE/rootfs<br />
sudo chown -R root.root .<br />
sudo chmod -R a+rwX data system<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
===JFFS2 Root file system===<br />
Actually, Android should use a file system how support mmap function like yaffs2, ext2 or ubifs. Unfortunaly, U-Boot support only jffs2 or ext2. So we will use ext2 on a µSD for data.<br />
====Prepare the MMC/µSD card====<br />
We will create two partitions on our mmc/µSD card, The first one will use for Android memory card, the second one will use for Android file system.<br />
First connect your card reader to your workstation, with the mmc/µSD card inside. Type the '''dmesg''' command to see which device is used by your workstation. Let’s assume that this device is '''/dev/sdb'''<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ dmesg<br />
...<br />
[ 9145.613954] sdb: sdb1 sdb2<br />
[ 9145.615125] sd 10:0:0:0: [sdc] Attached SCSI removable disk<br />
[ 9145.615258] sd 10:0:0:0: Attached scsi generic sg3 type 0<br />
</pre><br />
Type the mount command to check your currently mounted partitions. If MMC/SD partitions are mounted, unmount them.<br><br />
In a terminal edit partitions with fdisk:<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
sudo fdisk /dev/sdb<br />
</pre><br />
Delete any existing partition with the d command.<br><br />
Now, create the boot partition:<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
Command (m for help): n<br />
Command action<br />
e extended<br />
p primary partition (1-4)<br />
p<br />
Partition number (1-4): 1<br />
First cylinder (1-495, default 1): 1<br />
Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (1-239, default 239): +1G<br />
</pre><br />
Change its type to FAT32:<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
Command (m for help): t<br />
Selected partition 1<br />
Hex code (type L to list codes): c<br />
Changed system type of partition 1 to c (W95 FAT32 (LBA))<br />
</pre><br />
Using the n command again, create a second partition filling up the rest of your card (just accept default values).<br><br />
Now, format the partitions in your card:<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
sudo mkfs.vfat -n MemoryCard -F 32 /dev/sdb1<br />
sudo mkfs.ext2 -L data /dev/sdb2<br />
</pre><br />
====Boot setup====<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ sudo mkfs.jffs2 -n -e 0x20000 --pad=0x700000 -r $ANDROID_SOURCE/rootfs -o $TFTPBOOT/apf27-rootfs.arm.jffs2<br />
</pre><br />
The last thing left to do is to specify how the board boots Linux.<br><br />
In the U-boot prompt, make the mmc boot is on second partition of the mmc/µSD card<br />
<pre class="apf"> <br />
setenv addjffsargs 'setenv bootargs ${bootargs} root=/dev/mtdblock4 rootfstype=jffs2 init=/init'<br />
setenv bootcmd run mmcboot<br />
saveenv<br />
run update_kernel<br />
run update_rootfs<br />
</pre><br />
[[Image:Apf27_android.JPG]]<br />
<br />
==Debug==<br />
===Prerequisite===<br />
Installing the [http://developer.android.com/sdk/1.6_r1/installing.html Android Development Tools (ADT)]<br />
Trace with '''logcat''' with Eclipse-ADT<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
export ADBHOST=w.x.y.z<br />
adb kill-server<br />
adb start-server<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
===Test with Android emulator===<br />
Documentation on Android [http://developer.android.com/guide/developing/tools/emulator.html emulator]<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
cd $ANDROID_SOURCE/kernel<br />
make ARCH=arm goldfish_defconfig<br />
make ARCH=arm CROSS_COMPILE=$ANDROID_SOURCE/prebuilt/linux-x86/toolchain/arm-eabi-4.2.1/bin/arm-eabi<br />
</pre><br />
Create AVD (Android Virtual Device)<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ANDROID_SDK/tools/android create avd -n APF27-H -t 4 -s 272x480<br />
$ANDROID_SDK/tools/android create avd -n APF27-L -t 4 -s 480x272<br />
$ANDROID_SOURCE/out/host/linux-x86/bin/emulator -avd APF27-H -sysdir $ANDROID_SOURCE/out/target/product/generic/ -kernel $ANDROID_SOURCE/kernel/arch/arm/boot/zImage -data $ANDROID_SOURCE/out/target/product/generic/userdata.img -ramdisk $ANDROID_SOURCE/out/target/product/generic/ramdisk.img -system $ANDROID_SOURCE/out/target/product/generic/system.img<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
==Links==<br />
* [http://elinux.org/Android Android page on elinux.org]<br />
** [http://elinux.org/Android_on_OMAP Android on OMAP portage page on elinux.org]<br />
* [http://wiki.openmoko.org/wiki/Android Android on OpenMoko]<br />
* http://wiki.kldp.org/wiki.php/AndroidPortingOnRealTarget<br />
<br />
==Thanks==<br />
Thanks to Xavier Romanens and Fabrice Carrel form Ecole d'ingénieurs et d'architectes de Fribourg for their contributions.</div>NicolasDhttp://armadeus.org/wiki/index.php?title=Android&diff=7489Android2009-10-21T14:30:35Z<p>NicolasD: move Touchscreen Driver chapter and change the path to wiki style</p>
<hr />
<div>[[Image:Android-logo.png]]<br />
<br />
This page will sumarize the efforts made to have Android running on the APF boards.<br />
<br />
{{Note| Due to Android requirements (at least an ARM926 core), it is impossible to have it running on the APF9328}}<br />
<br />
==Some readings before starting==<br />
* http://developer.android.com/guide/basics/what-is-android.html<br />
<br />
==Prerequisites for Android installation==<br />
===Install needed software packages===<br />
* Install these package for build the kernel image and for format the mmc/µSD card<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
sudo apt-get install uboot-mkimage mtd-utils<br />
</pre><br />
* The Armadeus [[Toolchain]], only for Armadeus patches<br />
<br />
===Update the environment variables===<br />
Theses environment variables install the Android and Armadeus folder in our home directory, but of course, it can be placed anywhere!<br />
<pre class="config"><br />
export ANDROID_SOURCE=~/apf27droid<br />
export ANDROID_SDK=~/android-sdk-linux_x86-1.5_r3<br />
export ARMADEUS=~/armadeus-3.1<br />
export PATH=${PATH}:${ANDROID_SDK}/tools:${ANDROID_SOURCE}/bin<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
===Download Android source===<br />
List of different Android branch: [http://android.git.kernel.org/?p=platform/manifest.git;a=heads heads]<br />
The [http://source.android.com/download getting Android source] document describes how to set up our local work environment. <br />
Follow theses instructions until ''Installing Repo'' chapter.<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
mkdir $ANDROID_SOURCE<br />
cd $ANDROID_SOURCE<br />
mkdir bin<br />
curl http://android.git.kernel.org/repo >$ANDROID_SOURCE/bin/repo<br />
chmod a+x $ANDROID_SOURCE/bin/repo<br />
repo init -u git://android.git.kernel.org/platform/manifest.git -b donut<br />
repo sync<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
Since android-sdk-1.5_r3 branch, the Linux kernel isn't with the Android source, <br />
We can download it in a compress archive (tar.gz) file with this [http://android.git.kernel.org/?p=kernel/common.git;a=snapshot;h=refs/heads/android-2.6.29;sf=tgz android-kernel-2.6.29] (about (70Mib) or with git repository (more 300Mib)<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
mkdir $ANDROID_SOURCE/kernel<br />
cd $ANDROID_SOURCE/kernel<br />
git clone git://android.git.kernel.org/kernel/common.git android-2.6.29<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
==Linux Kernel 2.6.29==<br />
===Apply the Armadeus patchset===<br />
Before compiling the kernel, we patch the source with the Armadeus patches. In second time, I will give the URL to retrieve Linux 2.6.29.4 patch.<br />
{{Warning| Never export ARCH and CROSS_COMPILE environment variables because Android make use them too}}<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ARMADEUS/buildroot/toolchain/patch-kernel.sh $ANDROID_SOURCE/kernel $ARMADEUS/downloads patch-2.6.29.4.bz2<br />
$ARMADEUS/buildroot/toolchain/patch-kernel.sh $ANDROID_SOURCE/kernel $ARMADEUS/buildroot/target/device/armadeus/linux/kernel-patches/2.6.29.4 \*.patch{,.gz,.bz2}<br />
mkdir $ANDROID_SOURCE/kernel/drivers/armadeus<br />
cp -r $ARMADEUS/target/linux/modules/* $ANDROID_SOURCE/kernel/drivers/armadeus<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
For generate the Linux kernel, we retrieve the default apf27 Linux configuration and modify it for start Android.<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
cp $ARMADEUS/buildroot/target/device/armadeus/apf27/apf27-linux-2.6.29.config $ANDROID_SOURCE/kernel/arch/arm/configs/apf27_android_defconfig<br />
cd $ANDROID_SOURCE/kernel<br />
make ARCH=arm mrproper<br />
make ARCH=arm apf27_android_defconfig<br />
make ARCH=arm menuconfig<br />
</pre><br />
===Android kernel configuration===<br />
Make sure your kernel boots normally on your board. Then enable some Android specific configuration and make sure that your kernel still boots (with your standard file system).<br />
* Activate the Android pmem allocator<br />
<pre class="config"><br />
Device Drivers ---><br />
[*] Misc devices ---><br />
[*] Android pmem allocator<br />
</pre><br />
* Activate the Android drivers<br />
<pre class="config"><br />
Device Drivers ---><br />
[*] Staging drivers ---> <br />
[ ] Exclude Staging drivers from being built (NEW)<br />
...<br />
Android ---><br />
[*] Android Drivers<br />
[*] Android Binder IPC Driver<br />
<*> Android log driver <br />
[ ] Android RAM buffer console<br />
[*] Timed output class driver (NEW)<br />
< > Android timed gpio driver (NEW)<br />
[*] Android Low Memory Killer <br />
</pre><br />
* Activate the Anonymous Shared Memory Subsystem<br />
<pre class="config"><br />
General setup ---><br />
[*] Enable the Anonymous Shared Memory Subsystem<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
===Touchscreen kernel configuration===<br />
* Activate the wake lock for spi event reach to Android and include in the compiled kernel the touchscreen driver<br />
<pre class="config"><br />
Power management options ---><br />
[*] Wake lock<br />
[*] Wake lock stats (NEW)<br />
[*] Userspace wake locks (NEW)<br />
[*] Early suspend (NEW) <br />
User-space screen access (Console switch on early-suspend) ---><br />
(X) Sysfs interface <br />
...<br />
Device Drivers ---><br />
Input device support ---><br />
[*] Touchscreens ---><br />
<*> TSC 2102 based touchscreens<br />
...<br />
<*> Hardware Monitoring support ---><br />
</pre><br />
===Audio kernel configuration===<br />
* Include in the compiled kernel the audio driver<br />
<pre class="config"><br />
Device Drivers ---><br />
<*> Sound card support ---><br />
--- Sound card support<br />
<*> Advanced Linux Sound Architecture ---><br />
[*] ARM sound devices ---><br />
--- ARM sound <br />
<*> i.MX27 SSI driver<br />
<*> TSC210x alsa driver<br />
</pre><br />
===Modify touchscreen driver===<br />
Android don't use tslib library so we should add the calibration directly in ts drivers<br><br />
edit ''$ANDROID_SOURCE/kernel/drivers/input/touchscreen/tsc2102_ts.c''<br><br />
Add new definitions for X and Y ranges<br />
<source lang="c"><br />
#define DRIVER_NAME "TSC210x Touchscreen"<br />
#define X_AXIS_MAX 4000<br />
#define X_AXIS_MIN 0<br />
#define Y_AXIS_MAX 4200<br />
#define Y_AXIS_MIN 100<br />
#define PRESSURE_MIN 20<br />
#define PRESSURE_MAX 40000<br />
#define FACTOR 5000<br />
</source><br />
Send touch event to Android when the user release the touchscreen<br />
<source lang="c"><br />
static void tsc210x_touch(int touching)<br />
{<br />
if (!touching) {<br />
//input_report_abs(dev, ABS_X, 0);<br />
//input_report_abs(dev, ABS_Y, 0);<br />
input_report_key(dev, BTN_TOUCH, 0);<br />
input_report_abs(dev, ABS_PRESSURE, 0);<br />
input_sync(dev);<br />
}<br />
<br />
//input_report_key(dev, BTN_TOUCH, touching);<br />
//do_poke_blanked_console = 1;<br />
}<br />
</source><br />
<source lang="c"><br />
static void tsc210x_coords(int x, int y, int z1, int z2)<br />
{<br />
int p;<br />
<br />
/* Calculate the touch resistance a la equation #1 */<br />
if (z1 != 0)<br />
p = x * (z2 - z1) / (z1 << 4) * FACTOR;<br />
else<br />
p = 1;<br />
<br />
y = Y_AXIS_MAX - y;<br />
input_report_key(dev, BTN_TOUCH, 1);<br />
input_report_abs(dev, ABS_X, x);<br />
input_report_abs(dev, ABS_Y, y);<br />
input_report_abs(dev, ABS_PRESSURE, p);<br />
input_sync(dev);<br />
}<br />
</source><br />
Calibrate the touchscreen with X and Y ranges<br />
<source lang="c"><br />
static int tsc210x_ts_probe(struct platform_device *pdev)<br />
{<br />
int status;<br />
<br />
dev = input_allocate_device();<br />
if (!dev)<br />
return -ENOMEM;<br />
<br />
status = tsc210x_touch_cb(tsc210x_touch);<br />
if (status)<br />
{<br />
goto error;<br />
}<br />
<br />
status = tsc210x_coords_cb(tsc210x_coords);<br />
if (status)<br />
{<br />
goto error;<br />
}<br />
<br />
dev->name = DRIVER_NAME;<br />
dev->dev.parent = &pdev->dev;<br />
dev->evbit[0] = BIT_MASK(EV_KEY) | BIT_MASK(EV_ABS);<br />
dev->keybit[BIT_WORD(BTN_TOUCH)] |= BIT_MASK(BTN_TOUCH);<br />
dev->absbit[0] = BIT_MASK(ABS_X) | BIT_MASK(ABS_Y) | BIT_MASK(ABS_PRESSURE);<br />
input_set_abs_params(dev, ABS_X, X_AXIS_MIN, X_AXIS_MAX, 0, 0);<br />
input_set_abs_params(dev, ABS_Y, Y_AXIS_MIN, Y_AXIS_MAX, 0, 0);<br />
input_set_abs_params(dev, ABS_PRESSURE, PRESSURE_MIN, PRESSURE_MAX, 0, 0);<br />
status = input_register_device(dev);<br />
if (status)<br />
{<br />
printk(KERN_INFO "Unable to register TSC210x as input device !\n");<br />
goto error;<br />
}<br />
<br />
printk(DRIVER_NAME " driver initialized\n");<br />
return 0;<br />
<br />
error:<br />
input_free_device(dev);<br />
return status;<br />
}<br />
</source><br />
===Build Android kernel===<br />
Compile the kernel and generate image kernel for U-Boot Loader<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
make ARCH=arm CROSS_COMPILE=$ANDROID_SOURCE/prebuilt/linux-x86/toolchain/arm-eabi-4.2.1/bin/arm-eabi- uImage<br />
cp $ANDROID_SOURCE/kernel/arch/arm/boot/uImage $TFTPBOOT/apf27-linux.bin<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
==Android==<br />
===Battery patch===<br />
At the beginning, reboot happened over again even though Android logo appeared on board.<br />
Result of investigation, we found that battery power was returned with 0 when boot.. Then, we changed to notify full battery to Android by ignoring the information under ''/sys/class/power_supply'' so that to prevent the power down by low battery ''$ANDROID_SOURCE/frameworks/base/services/jni/com_android_server_BatteryService.cpp''<br />
*Change the battery service status as TRUE<br />
<source lang="c"><br />
static void setBooleanField(JNIEnv* env, jobject obj, const char* path, jfieldID fieldID)<br />
{<br />
const int SIZE = 16;<br />
char buf[SIZE];<br />
<br />
jboolean value = true; /* change false -> true */<br />
/*!!!comment out!!!<br />
if (readFromFile(path, buf, SIZE) > 0) {<br />
if (buf[0] == '1') {<br />
value = true;<br />
}<br />
}<br />
*/<br />
env->SetBooleanField(obj, fieldID, value);<br />
}<br />
</source><br />
*Change the volume, voltage and temperature of battery. Return 100%.<br />
<source lang="c"><br />
static void setIntField(JNIEnv* env, jobject obj, const char* path, jfieldID fieldID)<br />
{<br />
const int SIZE = 128;<br />
char buf[SIZE];<br />
<br />
jint value = 100; /* change 0 -> 100 */<br />
/*!!!comment out!!!<br />
if (readFromFile(path, buf, SIZE) > 0) {<br />
value = atoi(buf);<br />
}<br />
*/<br />
env->SetIntField(obj, fieldID, value);<br />
}<br />
</source><br />
* Change the battery charged status as full and deterioration status as fair.<br />
<source lang="c"><br />
static void android_server_BatteryService_update(JNIEnv* env, jobject obj)<br />
{<br />
setBooleanField(env, obj, AC_ONLINE_PATH, gFieldIds.mAcOnline);<br />
setBooleanField(env, obj, USB_ONLINE_PATH, gFieldIds.mUsbOnline);<br />
setBooleanField(env, obj, BATTERY_PRESENT_PATH, gFieldIds.mBatteryPresent);<br />
<br />
setIntField(env, obj, BATTERY_CAPACITY_PATH, gFieldIds.mBatteryLevel);<br />
setIntField(env, obj, BATTERY_VOLTAGE_PATH, gFieldIds.mBatteryVoltage);<br />
setIntField(env, obj, BATTERY_TEMPERATURE_PATH, gFieldIds.mBatteryTemperature);<br />
<br />
/* Change */<br />
env->SetIntField(obj, gFieldIds.mBatteryStatus, gConstants.statusFull);<br />
env->SetIntField(obj, gFieldIds.mBatteryHealth, gConstants.healthGood);<br />
env->SetObjectField(obj, gFieldIds.mBatteryTechnology, env->NewStringUTF("1"));<br />
<br />
/*!!!comment out!!!<br />
const int SIZE = 128;<br />
char buf[SIZE];<br />
<br />
if (readFromFile(BATTERY_STATUS_PATH, buf, SIZE) > 0)<br />
env->SetIntField(obj, gFieldIds.mBatteryStatus, getBatteryStatus(buf));<br />
<br />
if (readFromFile(BATTERY_HEALTH_PATH, buf, SIZE) > 0)<br />
env->SetIntField(obj, gFieldIds.mBatteryHealth, getBatteryHealth(buf));<br />
<br />
if (readFromFile(BATTERY_TECHNOLOGY_PATH, buf, SIZE) > 0)<br />
env->SetObjectField(obj, gFieldIds.mBatteryTechnology, env->NewStringUTF(buf));<br />
*/<br />
}<br />
</source><br />
<br />
===Audio===<br />
For activate the audio, we should retrieve Alsa android module whose not directly add in the source<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
cd $ANDROID_SOURCE/external<br />
git clone git://android.git.kernel.org/platform/external/alsa-lib.git<br />
git clone git://android.git.kernel.org/platform/external/alsa-utils.git<br />
cd $ANDROID_SOURCE/hardware <br />
git clone git://android.git.kernel.org/platform/hardware/alsa_sound.git<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
edit ''$ANDROID_SOURCE/build/target/board/generic/BoardConfig.mk'' and modify the audio divers used by Android<br />
<pre class="config"> <br />
# HAVE_HTC_AUDIO_DRIVER := true<br />
# BOARD_USES_GENERIC_AUDIO := true<br />
BOARD_USES_ALSA_AUDIO := true<br />
BUILD_WITH_ALSA_UTILS := true<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
edit ''$ANDROID_SOURCE/hardware/alsa_sound/AudioHardwareALSA.cpp'' and change bufferSize to 8192 in twice StreamDefaults structures <br><br />
edit ''$ANDROID_SOURCE/system/core/init/device.c'' and add audio device in Linux devices<br />
<source lang="c"><br />
static struct perms_ devperms[] = {<br />
{ "/dev/null", 0666, AID_ROOT, AID_ROOT, 0 },<br />
...<br />
{ "/dev/qmi1", 0640, AID_RADIO, AID_RADIO, 0 },<br />
{ "/dev/qmi2", 0640, AID_RADIO, AID_RADIO, 0 },<br />
// Add this line<br />
{ "/dev/snd/", 0664, AID_SYSTEM, AID_AUDIO, 1 },<br />
{ NULL, 0, 0, 0, 0 },<br />
};<br />
</source><br />
<br />
<source lang="c"><br />
static void handle_device_event(struct uevent *uevent)<br />
{<br />
char devpath[96];<br />
char *base, *name;<br />
int block;<br />
...<br />
} else if(!strncmp(uevent->subsystem, "mtd", 3)) {<br />
base = "/dev/mtd/";<br />
mkdir(base, 0755);<br />
// add this conditionnal block<br />
} else if(!strncmp(uevent->subsystem, "sound", 5)) {<br />
base = "/dev/snd/";<br />
mkdir(base, 0755);<br />
} else if(!strncmp(uevent->subsystem, "misc", 4) &&<br />
!strncmp(name, "log_", 4)) {<br />
base = "/dev/log/";<br />
mkdir(base, 0755);<br />
name += 4;<br />
} else<br />
base = "/dev/";<br />
}<br />
</source><br />
Add audio files in Android files system<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
mkdir $ANDROID_SOURCE/system/core/rootdir/media <br />
mkdir $ANDROID_SOURCE/system/core/rootdir/media/audio <br />
mkdir $ANDROID_SOURCE/system/core/rootdir/media/audio/ui<br />
mkdir $ANDROID_SOURCE/system/core/rootdir/media/audio/alarms <br />
mkdir $ANDROID_SOURCE/system/core/rootdir/media/audio/notifications <br />
mkdir $ANDROID_SOURCE/system/core/rootdir/media/audio/ringtones <br />
cp $ANDROID_SOURCE/frameworks/base/data/sounds/effects/* $ANDROID_SOURCE/system/core/rootdir/media/audio/ui/ <br />
cp $ANDROID_SOURCE/frameworks/base/data/sounds/Alarm_* $ANDROID_SOURCE/system/core/rootdir/media/audio/alarms/<br />
cp $ANDROID_SOURCE/frameworks/base/data/sounds/notifications/* $ANDROID_SOURCE/system/core/rootdir/media/audio/notifications/<br />
cp $ANDROID_SOURCE/frameworks/base/data/sounds/Ring_* $ANDROID_SOURCE/system/core/rootdir/media/audio/ringtones/<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
===Android start up===<br />
Edit ''$ANDROID_SOURCE/system/core/rootdir/init.rc'', comment the '''mount roofs''' in read only mode and '''mount yaffs2''' lines like this:<br />
<pre class="config"><br />
# setup the global environment<br />
export PATH /sbin:/system/sbin:/system/bin:/system/xbin<br />
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH /system/lib<br />
export ANDROID_BOOTLOGO 1<br />
export ANDROID_ROOT /system<br />
export ANDROID_ASSETS /system/app<br />
export ANDROID_DATA /data<br />
export EXTERNAL_STORAGE /sdcard<br />
export BOOTCLASSPATH /system/framework/core.jar:/system/framework/ext.jar:/system/framework/framework.jar:/system/framework/android.policy.jar:/system/framework/services.jar<br />
<br />
mount rootfs rootfs / rw remount<br />
<br />
# Backward compatibility<br />
symlink /system/etc /etc<br />
<br />
# create mountpoints and mount tmpfs on sqlite_stmt_journals<br />
mkdir /sdcard 0000 system system<br />
mkdir /system<br />
mkdir /data 0771 system system<br />
mkdir /cache 0770 system cache<br />
mkdir /sqlite_stmt_journals 01777 root root<br />
mount tmpfs tmpfs /sqlite_stmt_journals size=4m<br />
<br />
mount rootfs rootfs / ro remount<br />
<br />
write /proc/sys/kernel/panic_on_oops 1<br />
write /proc/sys/kernel/hung_task_timeout_secs 0<br />
write /proc/cpu/alignment 4<br />
write /proc/sys/kernel/sched_latency_ns 10000000<br />
write /proc/sys/kernel/sched_wakeup_granularity_ns 2000000<br />
<br />
# mount mtd partitions<br />
# Mount the SD Card partition<br />
setprop EXTERNAL_STORAGE_STATE mounted<br />
mount vfat /dev/block/mmcblk0p1 /sdcard nosuid nodev<br />
<br />
# We chown/chmod /data again so because mount is run as root + defaults<br />
mount ext2 /dev/block/mmcblk0p2 /data nosuid nodev<br />
chown system system /data<br />
chmod 0771 /data<br />
<br />
# Same reason as /data above<br />
chown system cache /cache<br />
chmod 0770 /cache<br />
<br />
# This may have been created by the recovery system with odd permissions<br />
chown system system /cache/recovery<br />
chmod 0770 /cache/recovery<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
===Compile===<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ cd $ANDROID_SOURCE<br />
$ make<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
==Making RootFS==<br />
===Android Root File system===<br />
Android emulator has 3 basic images on ''$ANDROID_SOURCE/tools/lib/images'' directory.<br />
* '''ramdisk.img''' is gziped cpio archive. ramdisk.img is a small partition image that is mounted read-only by the kernel at boot time. It only contains /init and a few config files. It is used to start init which will mount the rest of the system images properly and run the init procedure. A Ramdisk is a standard Linux feature. It is made just for the Android and do special things to start up the Android system.<br />
* '''system.img''' is a partition image that will be mounted as / and thus contains all system binaries.<br />
* '''userdata.img''' is a partition image that can be mounted as /data and thus contains all application-specific and user-specific data.<br />
<br />
===Create the Android root filesystem for apf27===<br />
Android’s root file system is generated in ''$ANDROID_SOURCE/out/target/product/generic''. We will create a folder containing all Android files images. <br />
<pre class="host"><br />
sudo rm -rf $ANDROID_SOURCE/rootfs/<br />
cd $ANDROID_SOURCE/out/target/product/generic<br />
mkdir $ANDROID_SOURCE/rootfs<br />
cp -a root/* $ANDROID_SOURCE/rootfs/<br />
cp -a system/* $ANDROID_SOURCE/rootfs/system/<br />
cd $ANDROID_SOURCE/rootfs<br />
sudo chown -R root.root .<br />
sudo chmod -R a+rwX data system<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
===JFFS2 Root file system===<br />
Actually, Android should use a file system how support mmap function like yaffs2, ext2 or ubifs. Unfortunaly, U-Boot support only jffs2 or ext2. So we will use ext2 on a µSD for data.<br />
====Prepare the MMC/µSD card====<br />
We will create two partitions on our mmc/µSD card, The first one will use for Android memory card, the second one will use for Android file system.<br />
First connect your card reader to your workstation, with the mmc/µSD card inside. Type the '''dmesg''' command to see which device is used by your workstation. Let’s assume that this device is '''/dev/sdb'''<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ dmesg<br />
...<br />
[ 9145.613954] sdb: sdb1 sdb2<br />
[ 9145.615125] sd 10:0:0:0: [sdc] Attached SCSI removable disk<br />
[ 9145.615258] sd 10:0:0:0: Attached scsi generic sg3 type 0<br />
</pre><br />
Type the mount command to check your currently mounted partitions. If MMC/SD partitions are mounted, unmount them.<br><br />
In a terminal edit partitions with fdisk:<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
sudo fdisk /dev/sdb<br />
</pre><br />
Delete any existing partition with the d command.<br><br />
Now, create the boot partition:<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
Command (m for help): n<br />
Command action<br />
e extended<br />
p primary partition (1-4)<br />
p<br />
Partition number (1-4): 1<br />
First cylinder (1-495, default 1): 1<br />
Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (1-239, default 239): +1G<br />
</pre><br />
Change its type to FAT32:<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
Command (m for help): t<br />
Selected partition 1<br />
Hex code (type L to list codes): c<br />
Changed system type of partition 1 to c (W95 FAT32 (LBA))<br />
</pre><br />
Using the n command again, create a second partition filling up the rest of your card (just accept default values).<br><br />
Now, format the partitions in your card:<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
sudo mkfs.vfat -n MemoryCard -F 32 /dev/sdb1<br />
sudo mkfs.ext2 -L data /dev/sdb2<br />
</pre><br />
====Boot setup====<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ sudo mkfs.jffs2 -n -e 0x20000 --pad=0x700000 -r $ANDROID_SOURCE/rootfs -o $TFTPBOOT/apf27-rootfs.arm.jffs2<br />
</pre><br />
The last thing left to do is to specify how the board boots Linux.<br><br />
In the U-boot prompt, make the mmc boot is on second partition of the mmc/µSD card<br />
<pre class="apf"> <br />
setenv addjffsargs 'setenv bootargs ${bootargs} root=/dev/mtdblock4 rootfstype=jffs2 init=/init'<br />
setenv bootcmd run mmcboot<br />
saveenv<br />
run update_kernel<br />
run update_rootfs<br />
</pre><br />
[[Image:Apf27_android.JPG]]<br />
<br />
==Debug==<br />
===Prerequisite===<br />
Installing the [http://developer.android.com/sdk/1.6_r1/installing.html Android Development Tools (ADT)]<br />
Trace with '''logcat''' with Eclipse-ADT<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
export ADBHOST=w.x.y.z<br />
adb kill-server<br />
adb start-server<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
===Test with Android emulator===<br />
Documentation on Android [http://developer.android.com/guide/developing/tools/emulator.html emulator]<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
cd $ANDROID_SOURCE/kernel<br />
make ARCH=arm goldfish_defconfig<br />
make ARCH=arm CROSS_COMPILE=$ANDROID_SOURCE/prebuilt/linux-x86/toolchain/arm-eabi-4.2.1/bin/arm-eabi<br />
</pre><br />
Create AVD (Android Virtual Device)<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ANDROID_SDK/tools/android create avd -n APF27-H -t 4 -s 272x480<br />
$ANDROID_SDK/tools/android create avd -n APF27-L -t 4 -s 480x272<br />
$ANDROID_SOURCE/out/host/linux-x86/bin/emulator -avd APF27-H -sysdir $ANDROID_SOURCE/out/target/product/generic/ -kernel $ANDROID_SOURCE/kernel/arch/arm/boot/zImage -data $ANDROID_SOURCE/out/target/product/generic/userdata.img -ramdisk $ANDROID_SOURCE/out/target/product/generic/ramdisk.img -system $ANDROID_SOURCE/out/target/product/generic/system.img<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
==Links==<br />
* [http://elinux.org/Android Android page on elinux.org]<br />
** [http://elinux.org/Android_on_OMAP Android on OMAP portage page on elinux.org]<br />
* [http://wiki.openmoko.org/wiki/Android Android on OpenMoko]<br />
* http://wiki.kldp.org/wiki.php/AndroidPortingOnRealTarget<br />
<br />
==Thanks==<br />
Thanks to Xavier Romanens and Fabrice Carrel form Ecole d'ingénieurs et d'architectes de Fribourg for their contributions.</div>NicolasDhttp://armadeus.org/wiki/index.php?title=Android&diff=7488Android2009-10-21T14:07:09Z<p>NicolasD: remove '$' from cmd line (bis)</p>
<hr />
<div>[[Image:Android-logo.png]]<br />
<br />
This page will sumarize the efforts made to have Android running on the APF boards.<br />
<br />
{{Note| Due to Android requirements (at least an ARM926 core), it is impossible to have it running on the APF9328}}<br />
<br />
==Some readings before starting==<br />
* http://developer.android.com/guide/basics/what-is-android.html<br />
<br />
==Prerequisites for Android installation==<br />
===Install needed software packages===<br />
* Install these package for build the kernel image and for format the mmc/µSD card<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
sudo apt-get install uboot-mkimage mtd-utils<br />
</pre><br />
* The Armadeus [[Toolchain]], only for Armadeus patches<br />
<br />
===Update the environment variables===<br />
Theses environment variables install the Android and Armadeus folder in our home directory, but of course, it can be placed anywhere!<br />
<pre class="config"><br />
export ANDROID_SOURCE=~/apf27droid<br />
export ANDROID_SDK=~/android-sdk-linux_x86-1.5_r3<br />
export ARMADEUS=~/armadeus-3.1<br />
export PATH=${PATH}:${ANDROID_SDK}/tools:${ANDROID_SOURCE}/bin<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
===Download Android source===<br />
List of different Android branch: [http://android.git.kernel.org/?p=platform/manifest.git;a=heads heads]<br />
The [http://source.android.com/download getting Android source] document describes how to set up our local work environment. <br />
Follow theses instructions until '''Installing Repo''' chapter.<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
mkdir $ANDROID_SOURCE<br />
cd $ANDROID_SOURCE<br />
mkdir bin<br />
curl http://android.git.kernel.org/repo >$ANDROID_SOURCE/bin/repo<br />
chmod a+x $ANDROID_SOURCE/bin/repo<br />
repo init -u git://android.git.kernel.org/platform/manifest.git -b android-sdk-1.5_r3<br />
repo sync<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
Since android-sdk-1.5_r3 branch, the Linux kernel isn't with the Android source, <br />
We can download it in a compress archive (tar.gz) file with this [http://android.git.kernel.org/?p=kernel/common.git;a=snapshot;h=refs/heads/android-2.6.29;sf=tgz android-kernel-2.6.29] (about (70Mib) or with git repository (more 300Mib)<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
mkdir $ANDROID_SOURCE/kernel<br />
cd $ANDROID_SOURCE/kernel<br />
git clone git://android.git.kernel.org/kernel/common.git android-2.6.29<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
==Linux Kernel 2.6.29==<br />
===Apply the Armadeus patchset===<br />
Before compiling the kernel, we patch the source with the Armadeus patches. In second time, I will give the URL to retrieve Linux 2.6.29.4 patch.<br />
{{Warning| Never export ARCH and CROSS_COMPILE environment variables because Android make use them too}}<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ARMADEUS/buildroot/toolchain/patch-kernel.sh $ANDROID_SOURCE/kernel $ARMADEUS/downloads patch-2.6.29.4.bz2<br />
$ARMADEUS/buildroot/toolchain/patch-kernel.sh $ANDROID_SOURCE/kernel $ARMADEUS/buildroot/target/device/armadeus/linux/kernel-patches/2.6.29.4 \*.patch{,.gz,.bz2}<br />
mkdir $ANDROID_SOURCE/kernel/drivers/armadeus<br />
cp -r $ARMADEUS/target/linux/modules/* $ANDROID_SOURCE/kernel/drivers/armadeus<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
For generate the Linux kernel, we retrieve the default apf27 Linux configuration and modify it for start Android.<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
cp $ARMADEUS/buildroot/target/device/armadeus/apf27/apf27-linux-2.6.29.config $ANDROID_SOURCE/kernel/arch/arm/configs/apf27_android_defconfig<br />
cd $ANDROID_SOURCE/kernel<br />
make ARCH=arm mrproper<br />
make ARCH=arm apf27_android_defconfig<br />
make ARCH=arm menuconfig<br />
</pre><br />
===Android kernel configuration===<br />
Make sure your kernel boots normally on your board. Then enable some Android specific configuration and make sure that your kernel still boots (with your standard file system).<br />
* Activate the Android pmem allocator<br />
<pre class="config"><br />
Device Drivers ---><br />
[*] Misc devices ---><br />
[*] Android pmem allocator<br />
</pre><br />
* Activate the Android drivers<br />
<pre class="config"><br />
Device Drivers ---><br />
[*] Staging drivers ---> <br />
[ ] Exclude Staging drivers from being built (NEW)<br />
...<br />
Android ---><br />
[*] Android Drivers<br />
[*] Android Binder IPC Driver<br />
<*> Android log driver <br />
[ ] Android RAM buffer console<br />
[*] Timed output class driver (NEW)<br />
< > Android timed gpio driver (NEW)<br />
[*] Android Low Memory Killer <br />
</pre><br />
* Activate the Anonymous Shared Memory Subsystem<br />
<pre class="config"><br />
General setup ---><br />
[*] Enable the Anonymous Shared Memory Subsystem<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
===Touchscreen kernel configuration===<br />
* Activate the wake lock for spi event reach to Android and include in the compiled kernel the touchscreen driver<br />
<pre class="config"><br />
Power management options ---><br />
[*] Wake lock<br />
[*] Wake lock stats (NEW)<br />
[*] Userspace wake locks (NEW)<br />
[*] Early suspend (NEW) <br />
User-space screen access (Console switch on early-suspend) ---><br />
(X) Sysfs interface <br />
...<br />
Device Drivers ---><br />
Input device support ---><br />
[*] Touchscreens ---><br />
<*> TSC 2102 based touchscreens<br />
...<br />
<*> Hardware Monitoring support ---><br />
</pre><br />
===Audio kernel configuration===<br />
* Include in the compiled kernel the audio driver<br />
<pre class="config"><br />
Device Drivers ---><br />
<*> Sound card support ---><br />
--- Sound card support<br />
<*> Advanced Linux Sound Architecture ---><br />
[*] ARM sound devices ---><br />
--- ARM sound <br />
<*> i.MX27 SSI driver<br />
<*> TSC210x alsa driver<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
===Build Android kernel===<br />
Compile the kernel and generate image kernel for U-Boot Loader<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
make ARCH=arm CROSS_COMPILE=$ANDROID_SOURCE/prebuilt/linux-x86/toolchain/arm-eabi-4.2.1/bin/arm-eabi- uImage<br />
cp $ANDROID_SOURCE/kernel/arch/arm/boot/uImage $TFTPBOOT/apf27-linux.bin<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
==Android==<br />
===Battery patch===<br />
At the beginning, reboot happened over again even though Android logo appeared on board.<br />
Result of investigation, we found that battery power was returned with 0 when boot.. Then, we changed to notify full battery to Android by ignoring the information under '''/sys/class/power_supply''' so that to prevent the power down by low battery '''$ANDROID_SOURCE/frameworks/base/services/jni/com_android_server_BatteryService.cpp'''<br />
*Change the battery service status as TRUE<br />
<source lang="c"><br />
static void setBooleanField(JNIEnv* env, jobject obj, const char* path, jfieldID fieldID)<br />
{<br />
const int SIZE = 16;<br />
char buf[SIZE];<br />
<br />
jboolean value = true; /* change false -> true */<br />
/*!!!comment out!!!<br />
if (readFromFile(path, buf, SIZE) > 0) {<br />
if (buf[0] == '1') {<br />
value = true;<br />
}<br />
}<br />
*/<br />
env->SetBooleanField(obj, fieldID, value);<br />
}<br />
</source><br />
*Change the volume, voltage and temperature of battery. Return 100%.<br />
<source lang="c"><br />
static void setIntField(JNIEnv* env, jobject obj, const char* path, jfieldID fieldID)<br />
{<br />
const int SIZE = 128;<br />
char buf[SIZE];<br />
<br />
jint value = 100; /* change 0 -> 100 */<br />
/*!!!comment out!!!<br />
if (readFromFile(path, buf, SIZE) > 0) {<br />
value = atoi(buf);<br />
}<br />
*/<br />
env->SetIntField(obj, fieldID, value);<br />
}<br />
</source><br />
* Change the battery charged status as full and deterioration status as fair.<br />
<source lang="c"><br />
static void android_server_BatteryService_update(JNIEnv* env, jobject obj)<br />
{<br />
setBooleanField(env, obj, AC_ONLINE_PATH, gFieldIds.mAcOnline);<br />
setBooleanField(env, obj, USB_ONLINE_PATH, gFieldIds.mUsbOnline);<br />
setBooleanField(env, obj, BATTERY_PRESENT_PATH, gFieldIds.mBatteryPresent);<br />
<br />
setIntField(env, obj, BATTERY_CAPACITY_PATH, gFieldIds.mBatteryLevel);<br />
setIntField(env, obj, BATTERY_VOLTAGE_PATH, gFieldIds.mBatteryVoltage);<br />
setIntField(env, obj, BATTERY_TEMPERATURE_PATH, gFieldIds.mBatteryTemperature);<br />
<br />
/* Change */<br />
env->SetIntField(obj, gFieldIds.mBatteryStatus, gConstants.statusFull);<br />
env->SetIntField(obj, gFieldIds.mBatteryHealth, gConstants.healthGood);<br />
env->SetObjectField(obj, gFieldIds.mBatteryTechnology, env->NewStringUTF("1"));<br />
<br />
/*!!!comment out!!!<br />
const int SIZE = 128;<br />
char buf[SIZE];<br />
<br />
if (readFromFile(BATTERY_STATUS_PATH, buf, SIZE) > 0)<br />
env->SetIntField(obj, gFieldIds.mBatteryStatus, getBatteryStatus(buf));<br />
<br />
if (readFromFile(BATTERY_HEALTH_PATH, buf, SIZE) > 0)<br />
env->SetIntField(obj, gFieldIds.mBatteryHealth, getBatteryHealth(buf));<br />
<br />
if (readFromFile(BATTERY_TECHNOLOGY_PATH, buf, SIZE) > 0)<br />
env->SetObjectField(obj, gFieldIds.mBatteryTechnology, env->NewStringUTF(buf));<br />
*/<br />
}<br />
</source><br />
<br />
===Audio===<br />
For activate the audio, we should retrieve Alsa android module whose not directly add in the source<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
cd $ANDROID_SOURCE/external<br />
git clone git://android.git.kernel.org/platform/external/alsa-lib.git<br />
git clone git://android.git.kernel.org/platform/external/alsa-utils.git<br />
cd $ANDROID_SOURCE/hardware <br />
git clone git://android.git.kernel.org/platform/hardware/alsa_sound.git<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
edit '''$ANDROID_SOURCE/build/target/board/generic/BoardConfig.mk''' and modify the audio divers used by Android<br />
<pre class="config"> <br />
# HAVE_HTC_AUDIO_DRIVER := true<br />
# BOARD_USES_GENERIC_AUDIO := true<br />
BOARD_USES_ALSA_AUDIO := true<br />
BUILD_WITH_ALSA_UTILS := true<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
edit '''$ANDROID_SOURCE/hardware/alsa_sound/AudioHardwareALSA.cpp''' and change bufferSize to 8192 in twice StreamDefaults structures <br><br />
edit '''$ANDROID_SOURCE/system/core/init/device.c''' and add audio device in Linux devices<br />
<source lang="c"><br />
static struct perms_ devperms[] = {<br />
{ "/dev/null", 0666, AID_ROOT, AID_ROOT, 0 },<br />
...<br />
{ "/dev/qmi1", 0640, AID_RADIO, AID_RADIO, 0 },<br />
{ "/dev/qmi2", 0640, AID_RADIO, AID_RADIO, 0 },<br />
// Add this line<br />
{ "/dev/snd/", 0664, AID_SYSTEM, AID_AUDIO, 1 },<br />
{ NULL, 0, 0, 0, 0 },<br />
};<br />
</source><br />
<br />
<source lang="c"><br />
static void handle_device_event(struct uevent *uevent)<br />
{<br />
char devpath[96];<br />
char *base, *name;<br />
int block;<br />
...<br />
} else if(!strncmp(uevent->subsystem, "mtd", 3)) {<br />
base = "/dev/mtd/";<br />
mkdir(base, 0755);<br />
// add this conditionnal block<br />
} else if(!strncmp(uevent->subsystem, "sound", 5)) {<br />
base = "/dev/snd/";<br />
mkdir(base, 0755);<br />
} else if(!strncmp(uevent->subsystem, "misc", 4) &&<br />
!strncmp(name, "log_", 4)) {<br />
base = "/dev/log/";<br />
mkdir(base, 0755);<br />
name += 4;<br />
} else<br />
base = "/dev/";<br />
}<br />
</source><br />
Add audio files in Android files system<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
mkdir $ANDROID_SOURCE/system/core/rootdir/media <br />
mkdir $ANDROID_SOURCE/system/core/rootdir/media/audio <br />
mkdir $ANDROID_SOURCE/system/core/rootdir/media/audio/ui<br />
mkdir $ANDROID_SOURCE/system/core/rootdir/media/audio/alarms <br />
mkdir $ANDROID_SOURCE/system/core/rootdir/media/audio/notifications <br />
mkdir $ANDROID_SOURCE/system/core/rootdir/media/audio/ringtones <br />
cp $ANDROID_SOURCE/frameworks/base/data/sounds/effects/* $ANDROID_SOURCE/system/core/rootdir/media/audio/ui/ <br />
cp $ANDROID_SOURCE/frameworks/base/data/sounds/Alarm_* $ANDROID_SOURCE/system/core/rootdir/media/audio/alarms/<br />
cp $ANDROID_SOURCE/frameworks/base/data/sounds/notifications/* $ANDROID_SOURCE/system/core/rootdir/media/audio/notifications/<br />
cp $ANDROID_SOURCE/frameworks/base/data/sounds/Ring_* $ANDROID_SOURCE/system/core/rootdir/media/audio/ringtones/<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
===Touchscreen===<br />
Android don't use tslib library so we should add the calibration directly in ts drivers<br><br />
edit '''$ANDROID_SOURCE/kernel/drivers/input/touchscreen/ts2102_ts.c'''<br><br />
Add new definitions for X and Y ranges<br />
<source lang="c"><br />
#define DRIVER_NAME "TSC210x Touchscreen"<br />
#define X_AXIS_MAX 4000<br />
#define X_AXIS_MIN 0<br />
#define Y_AXIS_MAX 4200<br />
#define Y_AXIS_MIN 100<br />
#define PRESSURE_MIN 20<br />
#define PRESSURE_MAX 40000<br />
#define FACTOR 5000<br />
</source><br />
Send touch event to Android when the user release the touchscreen<br />
<source lang="c"><br />
static void tsc210x_touch(int touching)<br />
{<br />
if (!touching) {<br />
//input_report_abs(dev, ABS_X, 0);<br />
//input_report_abs(dev, ABS_Y, 0);<br />
input_report_key(dev, BTN_TOUCH, 0);<br />
input_report_abs(dev, ABS_PRESSURE, 0);<br />
input_sync(dev);<br />
}<br />
<br />
//input_report_key(dev, BTN_TOUCH, touching);<br />
//do_poke_blanked_console = 1;<br />
}<br />
</source><br />
<source lang="c"><br />
static void tsc210x_coords(int x, int y, int z1, int z2)<br />
{<br />
int p;<br />
<br />
/* Calculate the touch resistance a la equation #1 */<br />
if (z1 != 0)<br />
p = x * (z2 - z1) / (z1 << 4) * FACTOR;<br />
else<br />
p = 1;<br />
<br />
y = Y_AXIS_MAX - y;<br />
input_report_key(dev, BTN_TOUCH, 1);<br />
input_report_abs(dev, ABS_X, x);<br />
input_report_abs(dev, ABS_Y, y);<br />
input_report_abs(dev, ABS_PRESSURE, p);<br />
input_sync(dev);<br />
}<br />
</source><br />
Calibrate the touchscreen with X and Y ranges<br />
<source lang="c"><br />
static int tsc210x_ts_probe(struct platform_device *pdev)<br />
{<br />
int status;<br />
<br />
dev = input_allocate_device();<br />
if (!dev)<br />
return -ENOMEM;<br />
<br />
status = tsc210x_touch_cb(tsc210x_touch);<br />
if (status)<br />
{<br />
goto error;<br />
}<br />
<br />
status = tsc210x_coords_cb(tsc210x_coords);<br />
if (status)<br />
{<br />
goto error;<br />
}<br />
<br />
dev->name = DRIVER_NAME;<br />
dev->dev.parent = &pdev->dev;<br />
dev->evbit[0] = BIT_MASK(EV_KEY) | BIT_MASK(EV_ABS);<br />
dev->keybit[BIT_WORD(BTN_TOUCH)] |= BIT_MASK(BTN_TOUCH);<br />
dev->absbit[0] = BIT_MASK(ABS_X) | BIT_MASK(ABS_Y) | BIT_MASK(ABS_PRESSURE);<br />
input_set_abs_params(dev, ABS_X, X_AXIS_MIN, X_AXIS_MAX, 0, 0);<br />
input_set_abs_params(dev, ABS_Y, Y_AXIS_MIN, Y_AXIS_MAX, 0, 0);<br />
input_set_abs_params(dev, ABS_PRESSURE, PRESSURE_MIN, PRESSURE_MAX, 0, 0);<br />
status = input_register_device(dev);<br />
if (status)<br />
{<br />
printk(KERN_INFO "Unable to register TSC210x as input device !\n");<br />
goto error;<br />
}<br />
<br />
printk(DRIVER_NAME " driver initialized\n");<br />
return 0;<br />
<br />
error:<br />
input_free_device(dev);<br />
return status;<br />
}<br />
</source><br />
<br />
===Android start up===<br />
Edit $ANDROID_SOURCE/system/core/rootdir/init.rc, comment the 'mount roofs' in read only mode and 'mount yaffs2' lines like this:<br />
<pre class="config"><br />
# setup the global environment<br />
export PATH /sbin:/system/sbin:/system/bin:/system/xbin<br />
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH /system/lib<br />
export ANDROID_BOOTLOGO 1<br />
export ANDROID_ROOT /system<br />
export ANDROID_ASSETS /system/app<br />
export ANDROID_DATA /data<br />
export EXTERNAL_STORAGE /sdcard<br />
export BOOTCLASSPATH /system/framework/core.jar:/system/framework/ext.jar:/system/framework/framework.jar:/system/framework/android.policy.jar:/system/framework/services.jar<br />
<br />
mount rootfs rootfs / rw remount<br />
<br />
# Backward compatibility<br />
symlink /system/etc /etc<br />
<br />
# create mountpoints and mount tmpfs on sqlite_stmt_journals<br />
mkdir /sdcard 0000 system system<br />
mkdir /system<br />
mkdir /data 0771 system system<br />
mkdir /cache 0770 system cache<br />
mkdir /sqlite_stmt_journals 01777 root root<br />
mount tmpfs tmpfs /sqlite_stmt_journals size=4m<br />
<br />
mount rootfs rootfs / ro remount<br />
<br />
write /proc/sys/kernel/panic_on_oops 1<br />
write /proc/sys/kernel/hung_task_timeout_secs 0<br />
write /proc/cpu/alignment 4<br />
write /proc/sys/kernel/sched_latency_ns 10000000<br />
write /proc/sys/kernel/sched_wakeup_granularity_ns 2000000<br />
<br />
# mount mtd partitions<br />
# Mount the SD Card partition<br />
setprop EXTERNAL_STORAGE_STATE mounted<br />
mount vfat /dev/block/mmcblk0p1 /sdcard nosuid nodev<br />
<br />
# We chown/chmod /data again so because mount is run as root + defaults<br />
mount ext2 /dev/block/mmcblk0p2 /data nosuid nodev<br />
chown system system /data<br />
chmod 0771 /data<br />
<br />
# Same reason as /data above<br />
chown system cache /cache<br />
chmod 0770 /cache<br />
<br />
# This may have been created by the recovery system with odd permissions<br />
chown system system /cache/recovery<br />
chmod 0770 /cache/recovery<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
===Compile===<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ cd $ANDROID_SOURCE<br />
$ make<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
==Making RootFS==<br />
===Android Root File system===<br />
Android emulator has 3 basic images on tools/lib/images directory.<br />
* '''ramdisk.img''' is gziped cpio archive. ramdisk.img is a small partition image that is mounted read-only by the kernel at boot time. It only contains /init and a few config files. It is used to start init which will mount the rest of the system images properly and run the init procedure. A Ramdisk is a standard Linux feature. It is made just for the Android and do special things to start up the Android system.<br />
* '''system.img''' is a partition image that will be mounted as / and thus contains all system binaries.<br />
* '''userdata.img''' is a partition image that can be mounted as /data and thus contains all application-specific and user-specific data.<br />
<br />
===Create the Android root filesystem for apf27===<br />
Android’s root file system is generated in $ANDROID_SOURCE/out/target/product/generic. We will create a folder containing all Android files images. <br />
<pre class="host"><br />
sudo rm -rf $ANDROID_SOURCE/rootfs/<br />
cd $ANDROID_SOURCE/out/target/product/generic<br />
mkdir $ANDROID_SOURCE/rootfs<br />
cp -a root/* $ANDROID_SOURCE/rootfs/<br />
cp -a system/* $ANDROID_SOURCE/rootfs/system/<br />
cd $ANDROID_SOURCE/rootfs<br />
sudo chown -R root.root .<br />
sudo chmod -R a+rwX data system<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
===JFFS2 Root file system===<br />
Actually, Android should use a file system how support mmap function like yaffs2, ext2 or ubifs. Unfortunaly, U-Boot support only jffs2 or ext2. So we will use ext2 on a µSD for data.<br />
====Prepare the MMC/µSD card====<br />
We will create two partitions on our mmc/µSD card, The first one will use for Android memory card, the second one will use for Android file system.<br />
First connect your card reader to your workstation, with the mmc/µSD card inside. Type the '''dmesg''' command to see which device is used by your workstation. Let’s assume that this device is '''/dev/sdb'''<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ dmesg<br />
...<br />
[ 9145.613954] sdb: sdb1 sdb2<br />
[ 9145.615125] sd 10:0:0:0: [sdc] Attached SCSI removable disk<br />
[ 9145.615258] sd 10:0:0:0: Attached scsi generic sg3 type 0<br />
</pre><br />
Type the mount command to check your currently mounted partitions. If MMC/SD partitions are mounted, unmount them.<br><br />
In a terminal edit partitions with fdisk:<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
sudo fdisk /dev/sdb<br />
</pre><br />
Delete any existing partition with the d command.<br><br />
Now, create the boot partition:<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
Command (m for help): n<br />
Command action<br />
e extended<br />
p primary partition (1-4)<br />
p<br />
Partition number (1-4): 1<br />
First cylinder (1-495, default 1): 1<br />
Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (1-239, default 239): +1G<br />
</pre><br />
Change its type to FAT32:<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
Command (m for help): t<br />
Selected partition 1<br />
Hex code (type L to list codes): c<br />
Changed system type of partition 1 to c (W95 FAT32 (LBA))<br />
</pre><br />
Using the n command again, create a second partition filling up the rest of your card (just accept default values).<br><br />
Now, format the partitions in your card:<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
sudo mkfs.vfat -n MemoryCard -F 32 /dev/sdb1<br />
sudo mkfs.ext2 -L data /dev/sdb2<br />
</pre><br />
====Boot setup====<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ sudo mkfs.jffs2 -n -e 0x20000 --pad=0x700000 -r $ANDROID_SOURCE/rootfs -o $TFTPBOOT/apf27-rootfs.arm.jffs2<br />
</pre><br />
The last thing left to do is to specify how the board boots Linux.<br><br />
In the U-boot prompt, make the mmc boot is on second partition of the mmc/µSD card<br />
<pre class="apf"> <br />
setenv addjffsargs 'setenv bootargs ${bootargs} root=/dev/mtdblock4 rootfstype=jffs2 init=/init'<br />
setenv bootcmd run mmcboot<br />
saveenv<br />
run update_kernel<br />
run update_rootfs<br />
</pre><br />
[[Image:Apf27_android.JPG]]<br />
<br />
==Debug==<br />
===Prerequisite===<br />
Installing the [http://developer.android.com/sdk/1.6_r1/installing.html Android Development Tools (ADT)]<br />
Trace with '''logcat''' with Eclipse-ADT<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
export ADBHOST=w.x.y.z<br />
adb kill-server<br />
adb start-server<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
===Test with Android emulator===<br />
Documentation on Android [http://developer.android.com/guide/developing/tools/emulator.html emulator]<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
cd $ANDROID_SOURCE/kernel<br />
make ARCH=arm goldfish_defconfig<br />
make ARCH=arm CROSS_COMPILE=$ANDROID_SOURCE/prebuilt/linux-x86/toolchain/arm-eabi-4.2.1/bin/arm-eabi<br />
</pre><br />
Create AVD (Android Virtual Device)<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ANDROID_SDK/tools/android create avd -n APF27-H -t 4 -s 272x480<br />
$ANDROID_SDK/tools/android create avd -n APF27-L -t 4 -s 480x272<br />
$ANDROID_SOURCE/out/host/linux-x86/bin/emulator -avd APF27-H -sysdir $ANDROID_SOURCE/out/target/product/generic/ -kernel $ANDROID_SOURCE/kernel/arch/arm/boot/zImage -data $ANDROID_SOURCE/out/target/product/generic/userdata.img -ramdisk $ANDROID_SOURCE/out/target/product/generic/ramdisk.img -system $ANDROID_SOURCE/out/target/product/generic/system.img<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
==Links==<br />
* [http://elinux.org/Android Android page on elinux.org]<br />
** [http://elinux.org/Android_on_OMAP Android on OMAP portage page on elinux.org]<br />
* [http://wiki.openmoko.org/wiki/Android Android on OpenMoko]<br />
* http://wiki.kldp.org/wiki.php/AndroidPortingOnRealTarget<br />
<br />
==Thanks==<br />
Thanks to Xavier Romanens and Fabrice Carrel form Ecole d'ingénieurs et d'architectes de Fribourg for their contributions.</div>NicolasDhttp://armadeus.org/wiki/index.php?title=Android&diff=7487Android2009-10-21T14:04:46Z<p>NicolasD: remove '$' from cmd line</p>
<hr />
<div>[[Image:Android-logo.png]]<br />
<br />
This page will sumarize the efforts made to have Android running on the APF boards.<br />
<br />
{{Note| Due to Android requirements (at least an ARM926 core), it is impossible to have it running on the APF9328}}<br />
<br />
==Some readings before starting==<br />
* http://developer.android.com/guide/basics/what-is-android.html<br />
<br />
==Prerequisites for Android installation==<br />
===Install needed software packages===<br />
* Install these package for build the kernel image and for format the mmc/µSD card<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
sudo apt-get install uboot-mkimage mtd-utils<br />
</pre><br />
* The Armadeus [[Toolchain]], only for Armadeus patches<br />
<br />
===Update the environment variables===<br />
Theses environment variables install the Android and Armadeus folder in our home directory, but of course, it can be placed anywhere!<br />
<pre class="config"><br />
export ANDROID_SOURCE=~/apf27droid<br />
export ANDROID_SDK=~/android-sdk-linux_x86-1.5_r3<br />
export ARMADEUS=~/armadeus-3.1<br />
export PATH=${PATH}:${ANDROID_SDK}/tools:${ANDROID_SOURCE}/bin<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
===Download Android source===<br />
List of different Android branch: [http://android.git.kernel.org/?p=platform/manifest.git;a=heads heads]<br />
The [http://source.android.com/download getting Android source] document describes how to set up our local work environment. <br />
Follow theses instructions until '''Installing Repo''' chapter.<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
mkdir $ANDROID_SOURCE<br />
cd $ANDROID_SOURCE<br />
mkdir bin<br />
curl http://android.git.kernel.org/repo >$ANDROID_SOURCE/bin/repo<br />
chmod a+x $ANDROID_SOURCE/bin/repo<br />
repo init -u git://android.git.kernel.org/platform/manifest.git -b android-sdk-1.5_r3<br />
repo sync<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
Since android-sdk-1.5_r3 branch, the Linux kernel isn't with the Android source, <br />
We can download it in a compress archive (tar.gz) file with this [http://android.git.kernel.org/?p=kernel/common.git;a=snapshot;h=refs/heads/android-2.6.29;sf=tgz android-kernel-2.6.29] (about (70Mib) or with git repository (more 300Mib)<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
mkdir $ANDROID_SOURCE/kernel<br />
cd $ANDROID_SOURCE/kernel<br />
git clone git://android.git.kernel.org/kernel/common.git android-2.6.29<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
==Linux Kernel 2.6.29==<br />
===Apply the Armadeus patchset===<br />
Before compiling the kernel, we patch the source with the Armadeus patches. In second time, I will give the URL to retrieve Linux 2.6.29.4 patch.<br />
{{Warning| Never export ARCH and CROSS_COMPILE environment variables because Android make use them too}}<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
ARMADEUS/buildroot/toolchain/patch-kernel.sh $ANDROID_SOURCE/kernel $ARMADEUS/downloads patch-2.6.29.4.bz2<br />
ARMADEUS/buildroot/toolchain/patch-kernel.sh $ANDROID_SOURCE/kernel $ARMADEUS/buildroot/target/device/armadeus/linux/kernel-patches/2.6.29.4 \*.patch{,.gz,.bz2}<br />
mkdir $ANDROID_SOURCE/kernel/drivers/armadeus<br />
cp -r $ARMADEUS/target/linux/modules/* $ANDROID_SOURCE/kernel/drivers/armadeus<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
For generate the Linux kernel, we retrieve the default apf27 Linux configuration and modify it for start Android.<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
cp $ARMADEUS/buildroot/target/device/armadeus/apf27/apf27-linux-2.6.29.config $ANDROID_SOURCE/kernel/arch/arm/configs/apf27_android_defconfig<br />
cd $ANDROID_SOURCE/kernel<br />
make ARCH=arm mrproper<br />
make ARCH=arm apf27_android_defconfig<br />
make ARCH=arm menuconfig<br />
</pre><br />
===Android kernel configuration===<br />
Make sure your kernel boots normally on your board. Then enable some Android specific configuration and make sure that your kernel still boots (with your standard file system).<br />
* Activate the Android pmem allocator<br />
<pre class="config"><br />
Device Drivers ---><br />
[*] Misc devices ---><br />
[*] Android pmem allocator<br />
</pre><br />
* Activate the Android drivers<br />
<pre class="config"><br />
Device Drivers ---><br />
[*] Staging drivers ---> <br />
[ ] Exclude Staging drivers from being built (NEW)<br />
...<br />
Android ---><br />
[*] Android Drivers<br />
[*] Android Binder IPC Driver<br />
<*> Android log driver <br />
[ ] Android RAM buffer console<br />
[*] Timed output class driver (NEW)<br />
< > Android timed gpio driver (NEW)<br />
[*] Android Low Memory Killer <br />
</pre><br />
* Activate the Anonymous Shared Memory Subsystem<br />
<pre class="config"><br />
General setup ---><br />
[*] Enable the Anonymous Shared Memory Subsystem<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
===Touchscreen kernel configuration===<br />
* Activate the wake lock for spi event reach to Android and include in the compiled kernel the touchscreen driver<br />
<pre class="config"><br />
Power management options ---><br />
[*] Wake lock<br />
[*] Wake lock stats (NEW)<br />
[*] Userspace wake locks (NEW)<br />
[*] Early suspend (NEW) <br />
User-space screen access (Console switch on early-suspend) ---><br />
(X) Sysfs interface <br />
...<br />
Device Drivers ---><br />
Input device support ---><br />
[*] Touchscreens ---><br />
<*> TSC 2102 based touchscreens<br />
...<br />
<*> Hardware Monitoring support ---><br />
</pre><br />
===Audio kernel configuration===<br />
* Include in the compiled kernel the audio driver<br />
<pre class="config"><br />
Device Drivers ---><br />
<*> Sound card support ---><br />
--- Sound card support<br />
<*> Advanced Linux Sound Architecture ---><br />
[*] ARM sound devices ---><br />
--- ARM sound <br />
<*> i.MX27 SSI driver<br />
<*> TSC210x alsa driver<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
===Build Android kernel===<br />
Compile the kernel and generate image kernel for U-Boot Loader<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ make ARCH=arm CROSS_COMPILE=$ANDROID_SOURCE/prebuilt/linux-x86/toolchain/arm-eabi-4.2.1/bin/arm-eabi- uImage<br />
$ cp $ANDROID_SOURCE/kernel/arch/arm/boot/uImage $TFTPBOOT/apf27-linux.bin<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
==Android==<br />
===Battery patch===<br />
At the beginning, reboot happened over again even though Android logo appeared on board.<br />
Result of investigation, we found that battery power was returned with 0 when boot.. Then, we changed to notify full battery to Android by ignoring the information under '''/sys/class/power_supply''' so that to prevent the power down by low battery '''$ANDROID_SOURCE/frameworks/base/services/jni/com_android_server_BatteryService.cpp'''<br />
*Change the battery service status as TRUE<br />
<source lang="c"><br />
static void setBooleanField(JNIEnv* env, jobject obj, const char* path, jfieldID fieldID)<br />
{<br />
const int SIZE = 16;<br />
char buf[SIZE];<br />
<br />
jboolean value = true; /* change false -> true */<br />
/*!!!comment out!!!<br />
if (readFromFile(path, buf, SIZE) > 0) {<br />
if (buf[0] == '1') {<br />
value = true;<br />
}<br />
}<br />
*/<br />
env->SetBooleanField(obj, fieldID, value);<br />
}<br />
</source><br />
*Change the volume, voltage and temperature of battery. Return 100%.<br />
<source lang="c"><br />
static void setIntField(JNIEnv* env, jobject obj, const char* path, jfieldID fieldID)<br />
{<br />
const int SIZE = 128;<br />
char buf[SIZE];<br />
<br />
jint value = 100; /* change 0 -> 100 */<br />
/*!!!comment out!!!<br />
if (readFromFile(path, buf, SIZE) > 0) {<br />
value = atoi(buf);<br />
}<br />
*/<br />
env->SetIntField(obj, fieldID, value);<br />
}<br />
</source><br />
* Change the battery charged status as full and deterioration status as fair.<br />
<source lang="c"><br />
static void android_server_BatteryService_update(JNIEnv* env, jobject obj)<br />
{<br />
setBooleanField(env, obj, AC_ONLINE_PATH, gFieldIds.mAcOnline);<br />
setBooleanField(env, obj, USB_ONLINE_PATH, gFieldIds.mUsbOnline);<br />
setBooleanField(env, obj, BATTERY_PRESENT_PATH, gFieldIds.mBatteryPresent);<br />
<br />
setIntField(env, obj, BATTERY_CAPACITY_PATH, gFieldIds.mBatteryLevel);<br />
setIntField(env, obj, BATTERY_VOLTAGE_PATH, gFieldIds.mBatteryVoltage);<br />
setIntField(env, obj, BATTERY_TEMPERATURE_PATH, gFieldIds.mBatteryTemperature);<br />
<br />
/* Change */<br />
env->SetIntField(obj, gFieldIds.mBatteryStatus, gConstants.statusFull);<br />
env->SetIntField(obj, gFieldIds.mBatteryHealth, gConstants.healthGood);<br />
env->SetObjectField(obj, gFieldIds.mBatteryTechnology, env->NewStringUTF("1"));<br />
<br />
/*!!!comment out!!!<br />
const int SIZE = 128;<br />
char buf[SIZE];<br />
<br />
if (readFromFile(BATTERY_STATUS_PATH, buf, SIZE) > 0)<br />
env->SetIntField(obj, gFieldIds.mBatteryStatus, getBatteryStatus(buf));<br />
<br />
if (readFromFile(BATTERY_HEALTH_PATH, buf, SIZE) > 0)<br />
env->SetIntField(obj, gFieldIds.mBatteryHealth, getBatteryHealth(buf));<br />
<br />
if (readFromFile(BATTERY_TECHNOLOGY_PATH, buf, SIZE) > 0)<br />
env->SetObjectField(obj, gFieldIds.mBatteryTechnology, env->NewStringUTF(buf));<br />
*/<br />
}<br />
</source><br />
<br />
===Audio===<br />
For activate the audio, we should retrieve Alsa android module whose not directly add in the source<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
cd $ANDROID_SOURCE/external<br />
git clone git://android.git.kernel.org/platform/external/alsa-lib.git<br />
git clone git://android.git.kernel.org/platform/external/alsa-utils.git<br />
cd $ANDROID_SOURCE/hardware <br />
git clone git://android.git.kernel.org/platform/hardware/alsa_sound.git<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
edit '''$ANDROID_SOURCE/build/target/board/generic/BoardConfig.mk''' and modify the audio divers used by Android<br />
<pre class="config"> <br />
# HAVE_HTC_AUDIO_DRIVER := true<br />
# BOARD_USES_GENERIC_AUDIO := true<br />
BOARD_USES_ALSA_AUDIO := true<br />
BUILD_WITH_ALSA_UTILS := true<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
edit '''$ANDROID_SOURCE/hardware/alsa_sound/AudioHardwareALSA.cpp''' and change bufferSize to 8192 in twice StreamDefaults structures <br><br />
edit '''$ANDROID_SOURCE/system/core/init/device.c''' and add audio device in Linux devices<br />
<source lang="c"><br />
static struct perms_ devperms[] = {<br />
{ "/dev/null", 0666, AID_ROOT, AID_ROOT, 0 },<br />
...<br />
{ "/dev/qmi1", 0640, AID_RADIO, AID_RADIO, 0 },<br />
{ "/dev/qmi2", 0640, AID_RADIO, AID_RADIO, 0 },<br />
// Add this line<br />
{ "/dev/snd/", 0664, AID_SYSTEM, AID_AUDIO, 1 },<br />
{ NULL, 0, 0, 0, 0 },<br />
};<br />
</source><br />
<br />
<source lang="c"><br />
static void handle_device_event(struct uevent *uevent)<br />
{<br />
char devpath[96];<br />
char *base, *name;<br />
int block;<br />
...<br />
} else if(!strncmp(uevent->subsystem, "mtd", 3)) {<br />
base = "/dev/mtd/";<br />
mkdir(base, 0755);<br />
// add this conditionnal block<br />
} else if(!strncmp(uevent->subsystem, "sound", 5)) {<br />
base = "/dev/snd/";<br />
mkdir(base, 0755);<br />
} else if(!strncmp(uevent->subsystem, "misc", 4) &&<br />
!strncmp(name, "log_", 4)) {<br />
base = "/dev/log/";<br />
mkdir(base, 0755);<br />
name += 4;<br />
} else<br />
base = "/dev/";<br />
}<br />
</source><br />
Add audio files in Android files system<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
mkdir $ANDROID_SOURCE/system/core/rootdir/media <br />
mkdir $ANDROID_SOURCE/system/core/rootdir/media/audio <br />
mkdir $ANDROID_SOURCE/system/core/rootdir/media/audio/ui<br />
mkdir $ANDROID_SOURCE/system/core/rootdir/media/audio/alarms <br />
mkdir $ANDROID_SOURCE/system/core/rootdir/media/audio/notifications <br />
mkdir $ANDROID_SOURCE/system/core/rootdir/media/audio/ringtones <br />
cp $ANDROID_SOURCE/frameworks/base/data/sounds/effects/* $ANDROID_SOURCE/system/core/rootdir/media/audio/ui/ <br />
cp $ANDROID_SOURCE/frameworks/base/data/sounds/Alarm_* $ANDROID_SOURCE/system/core/rootdir/media/audio/alarms/<br />
cp $ANDROID_SOURCE/frameworks/base/data/sounds/notifications/* $ANDROID_SOURCE/system/core/rootdir/media/audio/notifications/<br />
cp $ANDROID_SOURCE/frameworks/base/data/sounds/Ring_* $ANDROID_SOURCE/system/core/rootdir/media/audio/ringtones/<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
===Touchscreen===<br />
Android don't use tslib library so we should add the calibration directly in ts drivers<br><br />
edit '''$ANDROID_SOURCE/kernel/drivers/input/touchscreen/ts2102_ts.c'''<br><br />
Add new definitions for X and Y ranges<br />
<source lang="c"><br />
#define DRIVER_NAME "TSC210x Touchscreen"<br />
#define X_AXIS_MAX 4000<br />
#define X_AXIS_MIN 0<br />
#define Y_AXIS_MAX 4200<br />
#define Y_AXIS_MIN 100<br />
#define PRESSURE_MIN 20<br />
#define PRESSURE_MAX 40000<br />
#define FACTOR 5000<br />
</source><br />
Send touch event to Android when the user release the touchscreen<br />
<source lang="c"><br />
static void tsc210x_touch(int touching)<br />
{<br />
if (!touching) {<br />
//input_report_abs(dev, ABS_X, 0);<br />
//input_report_abs(dev, ABS_Y, 0);<br />
input_report_key(dev, BTN_TOUCH, 0);<br />
input_report_abs(dev, ABS_PRESSURE, 0);<br />
input_sync(dev);<br />
}<br />
<br />
//input_report_key(dev, BTN_TOUCH, touching);<br />
//do_poke_blanked_console = 1;<br />
}<br />
</source><br />
<source lang="c"><br />
static void tsc210x_coords(int x, int y, int z1, int z2)<br />
{<br />
int p;<br />
<br />
/* Calculate the touch resistance a la equation #1 */<br />
if (z1 != 0)<br />
p = x * (z2 - z1) / (z1 << 4) * FACTOR;<br />
else<br />
p = 1;<br />
<br />
y = Y_AXIS_MAX - y;<br />
input_report_key(dev, BTN_TOUCH, 1);<br />
input_report_abs(dev, ABS_X, x);<br />
input_report_abs(dev, ABS_Y, y);<br />
input_report_abs(dev, ABS_PRESSURE, p);<br />
input_sync(dev);<br />
}<br />
</source><br />
Calibrate the touchscreen with X and Y ranges<br />
<source lang="c"><br />
static int tsc210x_ts_probe(struct platform_device *pdev)<br />
{<br />
int status;<br />
<br />
dev = input_allocate_device();<br />
if (!dev)<br />
return -ENOMEM;<br />
<br />
status = tsc210x_touch_cb(tsc210x_touch);<br />
if (status)<br />
{<br />
goto error;<br />
}<br />
<br />
status = tsc210x_coords_cb(tsc210x_coords);<br />
if (status)<br />
{<br />
goto error;<br />
}<br />
<br />
dev->name = DRIVER_NAME;<br />
dev->dev.parent = &pdev->dev;<br />
dev->evbit[0] = BIT_MASK(EV_KEY) | BIT_MASK(EV_ABS);<br />
dev->keybit[BIT_WORD(BTN_TOUCH)] |= BIT_MASK(BTN_TOUCH);<br />
dev->absbit[0] = BIT_MASK(ABS_X) | BIT_MASK(ABS_Y) | BIT_MASK(ABS_PRESSURE);<br />
input_set_abs_params(dev, ABS_X, X_AXIS_MIN, X_AXIS_MAX, 0, 0);<br />
input_set_abs_params(dev, ABS_Y, Y_AXIS_MIN, Y_AXIS_MAX, 0, 0);<br />
input_set_abs_params(dev, ABS_PRESSURE, PRESSURE_MIN, PRESSURE_MAX, 0, 0);<br />
status = input_register_device(dev);<br />
if (status)<br />
{<br />
printk(KERN_INFO "Unable to register TSC210x as input device !\n");<br />
goto error;<br />
}<br />
<br />
printk(DRIVER_NAME " driver initialized\n");<br />
return 0;<br />
<br />
error:<br />
input_free_device(dev);<br />
return status;<br />
}<br />
</source><br />
<br />
===Android start up===<br />
Edit $ANDROID_SOURCE/system/core/rootdir/init.rc, comment the 'mount roofs' in read only mode and 'mount yaffs2' lines like this:<br />
<pre class="config"><br />
# setup the global environment<br />
export PATH /sbin:/system/sbin:/system/bin:/system/xbin<br />
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH /system/lib<br />
export ANDROID_BOOTLOGO 1<br />
export ANDROID_ROOT /system<br />
export ANDROID_ASSETS /system/app<br />
export ANDROID_DATA /data<br />
export EXTERNAL_STORAGE /sdcard<br />
export BOOTCLASSPATH /system/framework/core.jar:/system/framework/ext.jar:/system/framework/framework.jar:/system/framework/android.policy.jar:/system/framework/services.jar<br />
<br />
mount rootfs rootfs / rw remount<br />
<br />
# Backward compatibility<br />
symlink /system/etc /etc<br />
<br />
# create mountpoints and mount tmpfs on sqlite_stmt_journals<br />
mkdir /sdcard 0000 system system<br />
mkdir /system<br />
mkdir /data 0771 system system<br />
mkdir /cache 0770 system cache<br />
mkdir /sqlite_stmt_journals 01777 root root<br />
mount tmpfs tmpfs /sqlite_stmt_journals size=4m<br />
<br />
mount rootfs rootfs / ro remount<br />
<br />
write /proc/sys/kernel/panic_on_oops 1<br />
write /proc/sys/kernel/hung_task_timeout_secs 0<br />
write /proc/cpu/alignment 4<br />
write /proc/sys/kernel/sched_latency_ns 10000000<br />
write /proc/sys/kernel/sched_wakeup_granularity_ns 2000000<br />
<br />
# mount mtd partitions<br />
# Mount the SD Card partition<br />
setprop EXTERNAL_STORAGE_STATE mounted<br />
mount vfat /dev/block/mmcblk0p1 /sdcard nosuid nodev<br />
<br />
# We chown/chmod /data again so because mount is run as root + defaults<br />
mount ext2 /dev/block/mmcblk0p2 /data nosuid nodev<br />
chown system system /data<br />
chmod 0771 /data<br />
<br />
# Same reason as /data above<br />
chown system cache /cache<br />
chmod 0770 /cache<br />
<br />
# This may have been created by the recovery system with odd permissions<br />
chown system system /cache/recovery<br />
chmod 0770 /cache/recovery<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
===Compile===<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ cd $ANDROID_SOURCE<br />
$ make<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
==Making RootFS==<br />
===Android Root File system===<br />
Android emulator has 3 basic images on tools/lib/images directory.<br />
* '''ramdisk.img''' is gziped cpio archive. ramdisk.img is a small partition image that is mounted read-only by the kernel at boot time. It only contains /init and a few config files. It is used to start init which will mount the rest of the system images properly and run the init procedure. A Ramdisk is a standard Linux feature. It is made just for the Android and do special things to start up the Android system.<br />
* '''system.img''' is a partition image that will be mounted as / and thus contains all system binaries.<br />
* '''userdata.img''' is a partition image that can be mounted as /data and thus contains all application-specific and user-specific data.<br />
<br />
===Create the Android root filesystem for apf27===<br />
Android’s root file system is generated in $ANDROID_SOURCE/out/target/product/generic. We will create a folder containing all Android files images. <br />
<pre class="host"><br />
sudo rm -rf $ANDROID_SOURCE/rootfs/<br />
cd $ANDROID_SOURCE/out/target/product/generic<br />
mkdir $ANDROID_SOURCE/rootfs<br />
cp -a root/* $ANDROID_SOURCE/rootfs/<br />
cp -a system/* $ANDROID_SOURCE/rootfs/system/<br />
cd $ANDROID_SOURCE/rootfs<br />
sudo chown -R root.root .<br />
sudo chmod -R a+rwX data system<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
===JFFS2 Root file system===<br />
Actually, Android should use a file system how support mmap function like yaffs2, ext2 or ubifs. Unfortunaly, U-Boot support only jffs2 or ext2. So we will use ext2 on a µSD for data.<br />
====Prepare the MMC/µSD card====<br />
We will create two partitions on our mmc/µSD card, The first one will use for Android memory card, the second one will use for Android file system.<br />
First connect your card reader to your workstation, with the mmc/µSD card inside. Type the '''dmesg''' command to see which device is used by your workstation. Let’s assume that this device is '''/dev/sdb'''<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ dmesg<br />
...<br />
[ 9145.613954] sdb: sdb1 sdb2<br />
[ 9145.615125] sd 10:0:0:0: [sdc] Attached SCSI removable disk<br />
[ 9145.615258] sd 10:0:0:0: Attached scsi generic sg3 type 0<br />
</pre><br />
Type the mount command to check your currently mounted partitions. If MMC/SD partitions are mounted, unmount them.<br><br />
In a terminal edit partitions with fdisk:<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
sudo fdisk /dev/sdb<br />
</pre><br />
Delete any existing partition with the d command.<br><br />
Now, create the boot partition:<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
Command (m for help): n<br />
Command action<br />
e extended<br />
p primary partition (1-4)<br />
p<br />
Partition number (1-4): 1<br />
First cylinder (1-495, default 1): 1<br />
Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (1-239, default 239): +1G<br />
</pre><br />
Change its type to FAT32:<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
Command (m for help): t<br />
Selected partition 1<br />
Hex code (type L to list codes): c<br />
Changed system type of partition 1 to c (W95 FAT32 (LBA))<br />
</pre><br />
Using the n command again, create a second partition filling up the rest of your card (just accept default values).<br><br />
Now, format the partitions in your card:<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
sudo mkfs.vfat -n MemoryCard -F 32 /dev/sdb1<br />
sudo mkfs.ext2 -L data /dev/sdb2<br />
</pre><br />
====Boot setup====<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ sudo mkfs.jffs2 -n -e 0x20000 --pad=0x700000 -r $ANDROID_SOURCE/rootfs -o $TFTPBOOT/apf27-rootfs.arm.jffs2<br />
</pre><br />
The last thing left to do is to specify how the board boots Linux.<br><br />
In the U-boot prompt, make the mmc boot is on second partition of the mmc/µSD card<br />
<pre class="apf"> <br />
setenv addjffsargs 'setenv bootargs ${bootargs} root=/dev/mtdblock4 rootfstype=jffs2 init=/init'<br />
setenv bootcmd run mmcboot<br />
saveenv<br />
run update_kernel<br />
run update_rootfs<br />
</pre><br />
[[Image:Apf27_android.JPG]]<br />
<br />
==Debug==<br />
===Prerequisite===<br />
Installing the [http://developer.android.com/sdk/1.6_r1/installing.html Android Development Tools (ADT)]<br />
Trace with '''logcat''' with Eclipse-ADT<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
export ADBHOST=w.x.y.z<br />
adb kill-server<br />
adb start-server<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
===Test with Android emulator===<br />
Documentation on Android [http://developer.android.com/guide/developing/tools/emulator.html emulator]<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
cd $ANDROID_SOURCE/kernel<br />
make ARCH=arm goldfish_defconfig<br />
make ARCH=arm CROSS_COMPILE=$ANDROID_SOURCE/prebuilt/linux-x86/toolchain/arm-eabi-4.2.1/bin/arm-eabi<br />
</pre><br />
Create AVD (Android Virtual Device)<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ANDROID_SDK/tools/android create avd -n APF27-H -t 4 -s 272x480<br />
$ANDROID_SDK/tools/android create avd -n APF27-L -t 4 -s 480x272<br />
$ANDROID_SOURCE/out/host/linux-x86/bin/emulator -avd APF27-H -sysdir $ANDROID_SOURCE/out/target/product/generic/ -kernel $ANDROID_SOURCE/kernel/arch/arm/boot/zImage -data $ANDROID_SOURCE/out/target/product/generic/userdata.img -ramdisk $ANDROID_SOURCE/out/target/product/generic/ramdisk.img -system $ANDROID_SOURCE/out/target/product/generic/system.img<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
==Links==<br />
* [http://elinux.org/Android Android page on elinux.org]<br />
** [http://elinux.org/Android_on_OMAP Android on OMAP portage page on elinux.org]<br />
* [http://wiki.openmoko.org/wiki/Android Android on OpenMoko]<br />
* http://wiki.kldp.org/wiki.php/AndroidPortingOnRealTarget<br />
<br />
==Thanks==<br />
Thanks to Xavier Romanens and Fabrice Carrel form Ecole d'ingénieurs et d'architectes de Fribourg for their contributions.</div>NicolasDhttp://armadeus.org/wiki/index.php?title=Android&diff=7475Android2009-10-13T13:30:47Z<p>NicolasD: /* Audio kernel configuration */</p>
<hr />
<div>[[Image:Android-logo.png]]<br />
<br />
This page will sumarize the efforts made to have Android running on the APF boards.<br />
<br />
{{Note| Due to Android requirements (at least an ARM926 core), it is impossible to have it running on the APF9328}}<br />
<br />
==Some readings before starting==<br />
* http://developer.android.com/guide/basics/what-is-android.html<br />
<br />
==Prerequisites for Android installation==<br />
===Install needed software packages===<br />
* Install these package for build the kernel image and for format the mmc/µSD card<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ sudo apt-get install uboot-mkimage mtd-utils<br />
</pre><br />
* The Armadeus [[Toolchain]], only for Armadeus patches<br />
<br />
===Update the environment variables===<br />
Theses environment variables install the Android and Armadeus folder in our home directory, but of course, it can be placed anywhere!<br />
<pre class="config"><br />
export ANDROID_SOURCE=~/apf27droid<br />
export ANDROID_SDK=~/android-sdk-linux_x86-1.5_r3<br />
export ARMADEUS=~/armadeus-3.1<br />
export PATH=${PATH}:${ANDROID_SDK}/tools:${ANDROID_SOURCE}/bin<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
===Download Android source===<br />
List of different Android branch: [http://android.git.kernel.org/?p=platform/manifest.git;a=heads heads]<br />
The [http://source.android.com/download getting Android source] document describes how to set up our local work environment. <br />
Follow theses instructions until '''Installing Repo''' chapter.<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ mkdir $ANDROID_SOURCE<br />
$ cd $ANDROID_SOURCE<br />
$ mkdir bin<br />
$ curl http://android.git.kernel.org/repo >$ANDROID_SOURCE/bin/repo<br />
$ chmod a+x $ANDROID_SOURCE/bin/repo<br />
$ repo init -u git://android.git.kernel.org/platform/manifest.git -b android-sdk-1.5_r3<br />
$ repo sync<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
Since android-sdk-1.5_r3 branch, the Linux kernel isn't with the Android source, <br />
We can download it in a compress archive (tar.gz) file with this [http://android.git.kernel.org/?p=kernel/common.git;a=snapshot;h=refs/heads/android-2.6.29;sf=tgz android-kernel-2.6.29] (about (70Mib) or with git repository (more 300Mib)<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ mkdir $ANDROID_SOURCE/kernel<br />
$ cd $ANDROID_SOURCE/kernel<br />
$ git clone git://android.git.kernel.org/kernel/common.git android-2.6.29<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
==Linux Kernel 2.6.29==<br />
===Apply the Armadeus patchset===<br />
Before compiling the kernel, we patch the source with the Armadeus patches. In second time, I will give the URL to retrieve Linux 2.6.29.4 patch.<br />
{{Warning| Never export ARCH and CROSS_COMPILE environment variables because Android make use them too}}<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ARMADEUS/buildroot/toolchain/patch-kernel.sh $ANDROID_SOURCE/kernel $ARMADEUS/downloads patch-2.6.29.4.bz2<br />
$ARMADEUS/buildroot/toolchain/patch-kernel.sh $ANDROID_SOURCE/kernel $ARMADEUS/buildroot/target/device/armadeus/linux/kernel-patches/2.6.29.4 \*.patch{,.gz,.bz2}<br />
mkdir $ANDROID_SOURCE/kernel/drivers/armadeus<br />
cp -r $ARMADEUS/target/linux/modules/* $ANDROID_SOURCE/kernel/drivers/armadeus<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
For generate the Linux kernel, we retrieve the default apf27 Linux configuration and modify it for start Android.<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
cp $ARMADEUS/buildroot/target/device/armadeus/apf27/apf27-linux-2.6.29.config $ANDROID_SOURCE/kernel/arch/arm/configs/apf27_android_defconfig<br />
cd $ANDROID_SOURCE/kernel<br />
make ARCH=arm mrproper<br />
make ARCH=arm apf27_android_defconfig<br />
make ARCH=arm menuconfig<br />
</pre><br />
===Android kernel configuration===<br />
Make sure your kernel boots normally on your board. Then enable some Android specific configuration and make sure that your kernel still boots (with your standard file system).<br />
* Activate the Android pmem allocator<br />
<pre class="config"><br />
Device Drivers ---><br />
[*] Misc devices ---><br />
[*] Android pmem allocator<br />
</pre><br />
* Activate the Android drivers<br />
<pre class="config"><br />
Device Drivers ---><br />
[*] Staging drivers ---> <br />
[ ] Exclude Staging drivers from being built (NEW)<br />
...<br />
Android ---><br />
[*] Android Drivers<br />
[*] Android Binder IPC Driver<br />
<*> Android log driver <br />
[ ] Android RAM buffer console<br />
[*] Timed output class driver (NEW)<br />
< > Android timed gpio driver (NEW)<br />
[*] Android Low Memory Killer <br />
</pre><br />
* Activate the Anonymous Shared Memory Subsystem<br />
<pre class="config"><br />
General setup ---><br />
[*] Enable the Anonymous Shared Memory Subsystem<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
===Touchscreen kernel configuration===<br />
* Activate the wake lock for spi event reach to Android and include in the compiled kernel the touchscreen driver<br />
<pre class="config"><br />
Power management options ---><br />
[*] Wake lock<br />
[*] Wake lock stats (NEW)<br />
[*] Userspace wake locks (NEW)<br />
[*] Early suspend (NEW) <br />
User-space screen access (Console switch on early-suspend) ---><br />
(X) Sysfs interface <br />
...<br />
Device Drivers ---><br />
Input device support ---><br />
[*] Touchscreens ---><br />
<*> TSC 2102 based touchscreens<br />
...<br />
<*> Hardware Monitoring support ---><br />
</pre><br />
===Audio kernel configuration===<br />
* Include in the compiled kernel the audio driver<br />
<pre class="config"><br />
Device Drivers ---><br />
<*> Sound card support ---><br />
--- Sound card support<br />
<*> Advanced Linux Sound Architecture ---><br />
[*] ARM sound devices ---><br />
--- ARM sound <br />
<*> i.MX27 SSI driver<br />
<*> TSC210x alsa driver<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
===Build Android kernel===<br />
Compile the kernel and generate image kernel for U-Boot Loader<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ make ARCH=arm CROSS_COMPILE=$ANDROID_SOURCE/prebuilt/linux-x86/toolchain/arm-eabi-4.2.1/bin/arm-eabi- uImage<br />
$ cp $ANDROID_SOURCE/kernel/arch/arm/boot/uImage $TFTPBOOT/apf27-linux.bin<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
==Android==<br />
===Battery patch===<br />
At the beginning, reboot happened over again even though Android logo appeared on board.<br />
Result of investigation, we found that battery power was returned with 0 when boot.. Then, we changed to notify full battery to Android by ignoring the information under '''/sys/class/power_supply''' so that to prevent the power down by low battery '''$ANDROID_SOURCE/frameworks/base/services/jni/com_android_server_BatteryService.cpp'''<br />
*Change the battery service status as TRUE<br />
<source lang="c"><br />
static void setBooleanField(JNIEnv* env, jobject obj, const char* path, jfieldID fieldID)<br />
{<br />
const int SIZE = 16;<br />
char buf[SIZE];<br />
<br />
jboolean value = true; /* change false -> true */<br />
/*!!!comment out!!!<br />
if (readFromFile(path, buf, SIZE) > 0) {<br />
if (buf[0] == '1') {<br />
value = true;<br />
}<br />
}<br />
*/<br />
env->SetBooleanField(obj, fieldID, value);<br />
}<br />
</source><br />
*Change the volume, voltage and temperature of battery. Return 100%.<br />
<source lang="c"><br />
static void setIntField(JNIEnv* env, jobject obj, const char* path, jfieldID fieldID)<br />
{<br />
const int SIZE = 128;<br />
char buf[SIZE];<br />
<br />
jint value = 100; /* change 0 -> 100 */<br />
/*!!!comment out!!!<br />
if (readFromFile(path, buf, SIZE) > 0) {<br />
value = atoi(buf);<br />
}<br />
*/<br />
env->SetIntField(obj, fieldID, value);<br />
}<br />
</source><br />
* Change the battery charged status as full and deterioration status as fair.<br />
<source lang="c"><br />
static void android_server_BatteryService_update(JNIEnv* env, jobject obj)<br />
{<br />
setBooleanField(env, obj, AC_ONLINE_PATH, gFieldIds.mAcOnline);<br />
setBooleanField(env, obj, USB_ONLINE_PATH, gFieldIds.mUsbOnline);<br />
setBooleanField(env, obj, BATTERY_PRESENT_PATH, gFieldIds.mBatteryPresent);<br />
<br />
setIntField(env, obj, BATTERY_CAPACITY_PATH, gFieldIds.mBatteryLevel);<br />
setIntField(env, obj, BATTERY_VOLTAGE_PATH, gFieldIds.mBatteryVoltage);<br />
setIntField(env, obj, BATTERY_TEMPERATURE_PATH, gFieldIds.mBatteryTemperature);<br />
<br />
/* Change */<br />
env->SetIntField(obj, gFieldIds.mBatteryStatus, gConstants.statusFull);<br />
env->SetIntField(obj, gFieldIds.mBatteryHealth, gConstants.healthGood);<br />
env->SetObjectField(obj, gFieldIds.mBatteryTechnology, env->NewStringUTF("1"));<br />
<br />
/*!!!comment out!!!<br />
const int SIZE = 128;<br />
char buf[SIZE];<br />
<br />
if (readFromFile(BATTERY_STATUS_PATH, buf, SIZE) > 0)<br />
env->SetIntField(obj, gFieldIds.mBatteryStatus, getBatteryStatus(buf));<br />
<br />
if (readFromFile(BATTERY_HEALTH_PATH, buf, SIZE) > 0)<br />
env->SetIntField(obj, gFieldIds.mBatteryHealth, getBatteryHealth(buf));<br />
<br />
if (readFromFile(BATTERY_TECHNOLOGY_PATH, buf, SIZE) > 0)<br />
env->SetObjectField(obj, gFieldIds.mBatteryTechnology, env->NewStringUTF(buf));<br />
*/<br />
}<br />
</source><br />
<br />
===Audio===<br />
For activate the audio, we should retrieve Alsa android module whose not directly add in the source<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
cd $ANDROID_SOURCE/external<br />
git clone git://android.git.kernel.org/platform/external/alsa-lib.git<br />
git clone git://android.git.kernel.org/platform/external/alsa-utils.git<br />
cd $ANDROID_SOURCE/hardware <br />
git clone git://android.git.kernel.org/platform/hardware/alsa_sound.git<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
edit '''$ANDROID_SOURCE/build/target/board/generic/BoardConfig.mk''' and modify the audio divers used by Android<br />
<pre class="config"> <br />
# HAVE_HTC_AUDIO_DRIVER := true<br />
# BOARD_USES_GENERIC_AUDIO := true<br />
BOARD_USES_ALSA_AUDIO := true<br />
BUILD_WITH_ALSA_UTILS := true<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
edit '''$ANDROID_SOURCE/hardware/alsa_sound/AudioHardwareALSA.cpp''' and change bufferSize to 8192 in twice StreamDefaults structures <br><br />
edit '''$ANDROID_SOURCE/system/core/init/device.c''' and add audio device in Linux devices<br />
<source lang="c"><br />
static struct perms_ devperms[] = {<br />
{ "/dev/null", 0666, AID_ROOT, AID_ROOT, 0 },<br />
...<br />
{ "/dev/qmi1", 0640, AID_RADIO, AID_RADIO, 0 },<br />
{ "/dev/qmi2", 0640, AID_RADIO, AID_RADIO, 0 },<br />
// Add this line<br />
{ "/dev/snd/", 0664, AID_SYSTEM, AID_AUDIO, 1 },<br />
{ NULL, 0, 0, 0, 0 },<br />
};<br />
</source><br />
<br />
<source lang="c"><br />
static void handle_device_event(struct uevent *uevent)<br />
{<br />
char devpath[96];<br />
char *base, *name;<br />
int block;<br />
...<br />
} else if(!strncmp(uevent->subsystem, "mtd", 3)) {<br />
base = "/dev/mtd/";<br />
mkdir(base, 0755);<br />
// add this conditionnal block<br />
} else if(!strncmp(uevent->subsystem, "sound", 5)) {<br />
base = "/dev/snd/";<br />
mkdir(base, 0755);<br />
} else if(!strncmp(uevent->subsystem, "misc", 4) &&<br />
!strncmp(name, "log_", 4)) {<br />
base = "/dev/log/";<br />
mkdir(base, 0755);<br />
name += 4;<br />
} else<br />
base = "/dev/";<br />
}<br />
</source><br />
Add audio files in Android files system<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
mkdir $ANDROID_SOURCE/system/core/rootdir/media <br />
mkdir $ANDROID_SOURCE/system/core/rootdir/media/audio <br />
mkdir $ANDROID_SOURCE/system/core/rootdir/media/audio/ui<br />
mkdir $ANDROID_SOURCE/system/core/rootdir/media/audio/alarms <br />
mkdir $ANDROID_SOURCE/system/core/rootdir/media/audio/notifications <br />
mkdir $ANDROID_SOURCE/system/core/rootdir/media/audio/ringtones <br />
cp $ANDROID_SOURCE/frameworks/base/data/sounds/effects/* $ANDROID_SOURCE/system/core/rootdir/media/audio/ui/ <br />
cp $ANDROID_SOURCE/frameworks/base/data/sounds/Alarm_* $ANDROID_SOURCE/system/core/rootdir/media/audio/alarms/<br />
cp $ANDROID_SOURCE/frameworks/base/data/sounds/notifications/* $ANDROID_SOURCE/system/core/rootdir/media/audio/notifications/<br />
cp $ANDROID_SOURCE/frameworks/base/data/sounds/Ring_* $ANDROID_SOURCE/system/core/rootdir/media/audio/ringtones/<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
===Touchscreen===<br />
Android don't use tslib library so we should add the calibration directly in ts drivers<br><br />
edit '''$ANDROID_SOURCE/kernel/drivers/input/touchscreen/ts2102_ts.c'''<br><br />
Add new definitions for X and Y ranges<br />
<source lang="c"><br />
#define DRIVER_NAME "TSC210x Touchscreen"<br />
#define X_AXIS_MAX 4000<br />
#define X_AXIS_MIN 0<br />
#define Y_AXIS_MAX 4200<br />
#define Y_AXIS_MIN 100<br />
#define PRESSURE_MIN 20<br />
#define PRESSURE_MAX 40000<br />
#define FACTOR 5000<br />
</source><br />
Send touch event to Android when the user release the touchscreen<br />
<source lang="c"><br />
static void tsc210x_touch(int touching)<br />
{<br />
if (!touching) {<br />
//input_report_abs(dev, ABS_X, 0);<br />
//input_report_abs(dev, ABS_Y, 0);<br />
input_report_key(dev, BTN_TOUCH, 0);<br />
input_report_abs(dev, ABS_PRESSURE, 0);<br />
input_sync(dev);<br />
}<br />
<br />
//input_report_key(dev, BTN_TOUCH, touching);<br />
//do_poke_blanked_console = 1;<br />
}<br />
</source><br />
<source lang="c"><br />
static void tsc210x_coords(int x, int y, int z1, int z2)<br />
{<br />
int p;<br />
<br />
/* Calculate the touch resistance a la equation #1 */<br />
if (z1 != 0)<br />
p = x * (z2 - z1) / (z1 << 4) * FACTOR;<br />
else<br />
p = 1;<br />
<br />
y = Y_AXIS_MAX - y;<br />
input_report_key(dev, BTN_TOUCH, 1);<br />
input_report_abs(dev, ABS_X, x);<br />
input_report_abs(dev, ABS_Y, y);<br />
input_report_abs(dev, ABS_PRESSURE, p);<br />
input_sync(dev);<br />
}<br />
</source><br />
Calibrate the touchscreen with X and Y ranges<br />
<source lang="c"><br />
static int tsc210x_ts_probe(struct platform_device *pdev)<br />
{<br />
int status;<br />
<br />
dev = input_allocate_device();<br />
if (!dev)<br />
return -ENOMEM;<br />
<br />
status = tsc210x_touch_cb(tsc210x_touch);<br />
if (status)<br />
{<br />
goto error;<br />
}<br />
<br />
status = tsc210x_coords_cb(tsc210x_coords);<br />
if (status)<br />
{<br />
goto error;<br />
}<br />
<br />
dev->name = DRIVER_NAME;<br />
dev->dev.parent = &pdev->dev;<br />
dev->evbit[0] = BIT_MASK(EV_KEY) | BIT_MASK(EV_ABS);<br />
dev->keybit[BIT_WORD(BTN_TOUCH)] |= BIT_MASK(BTN_TOUCH);<br />
dev->absbit[0] = BIT_MASK(ABS_X) | BIT_MASK(ABS_Y) | BIT_MASK(ABS_PRESSURE);<br />
input_set_abs_params(dev, ABS_X, X_AXIS_MIN, X_AXIS_MAX, 0, 0);<br />
input_set_abs_params(dev, ABS_Y, Y_AXIS_MIN, Y_AXIS_MAX, 0, 0);<br />
input_set_abs_params(dev, ABS_PRESSURE, PRESSURE_MIN, PRESSURE_MAX, 0, 0);<br />
status = input_register_device(dev);<br />
if (status)<br />
{<br />
printk(KERN_INFO "Unable to register TSC210x as input device !\n");<br />
goto error;<br />
}<br />
<br />
printk(DRIVER_NAME " driver initialized\n");<br />
return 0;<br />
<br />
error:<br />
input_free_device(dev);<br />
return status;<br />
}<br />
</source><br />
<br />
===Android start up===<br />
Edit $ANDROID_SOURCE/system/core/rootdir/init.rc, comment the 'mount roofs' in read only mode and 'mount yaffs2' lines like this:<br />
<pre class="config"><br />
# setup the global environment<br />
export PATH /sbin:/system/sbin:/system/bin:/system/xbin<br />
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH /system/lib<br />
export ANDROID_BOOTLOGO 1<br />
export ANDROID_ROOT /system<br />
export ANDROID_ASSETS /system/app<br />
export ANDROID_DATA /data<br />
export EXTERNAL_STORAGE /sdcard<br />
export BOOTCLASSPATH /system/framework/core.jar:/system/framework/ext.jar:/system/framework/framework.jar:/system/framework/android.policy.jar:/system/framework/services.jar<br />
<br />
mount rootfs rootfs / rw remount<br />
<br />
# Backward compatibility<br />
symlink /system/etc /etc<br />
<br />
# create mountpoints and mount tmpfs on sqlite_stmt_journals<br />
mkdir /sdcard 0000 system system<br />
mkdir /system<br />
mkdir /data 0771 system system<br />
mkdir /cache 0770 system cache<br />
mkdir /sqlite_stmt_journals 01777 root root<br />
mount tmpfs tmpfs /sqlite_stmt_journals size=4m<br />
<br />
mount rootfs rootfs / ro remount<br />
<br />
write /proc/sys/kernel/panic_on_oops 1<br />
write /proc/sys/kernel/hung_task_timeout_secs 0<br />
write /proc/cpu/alignment 4<br />
write /proc/sys/kernel/sched_latency_ns 10000000<br />
write /proc/sys/kernel/sched_wakeup_granularity_ns 2000000<br />
<br />
# mount mtd partitions<br />
# Mount the SD Card partition<br />
setprop EXTERNAL_STORAGE_STATE mounted<br />
mount vfat /dev/block/mmcblk0p1 /sdcard nosuid nodev<br />
<br />
# We chown/chmod /data again so because mount is run as root + defaults<br />
mount ext2 /dev/block/mmcblk0p2 /data nosuid nodev<br />
chown system system /data<br />
chmod 0771 /data<br />
<br />
# Same reason as /data above<br />
chown system cache /cache<br />
chmod 0770 /cache<br />
<br />
# This may have been created by the recovery system with odd permissions<br />
chown system system /cache/recovery<br />
chmod 0770 /cache/recovery<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
===Compile===<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ cd $ANDROID_SOURCE<br />
$ make<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
==Making RootFS==<br />
===Android Root File system===<br />
Android emulator has 3 basic images on tools/lib/images directory.<br />
* '''ramdisk.img''' is gziped cpio archive. ramdisk.img is a small partition image that is mounted read-only by the kernel at boot time. It only contains /init and a few config files. It is used to start init which will mount the rest of the system images properly and run the init procedure. A Ramdisk is a standard Linux feature. It is made just for the Android and do special things to start up the Android system.<br />
* '''system.img''' is a partition image that will be mounted as / and thus contains all system binaries.<br />
* '''userdata.img''' is a partition image that can be mounted as /data and thus contains all application-specific and user-specific data.<br />
<br />
===Create the Android root filesystem for apf27===<br />
Android’s root file system is generated in $ANDROID_SOURCE/out/target/product/generic. We will create a folder containing all Android files images. <br />
<pre class="host"><br />
sudo rm -rf $ANDROID_SOURCE/rootfs/<br />
cd $ANDROID_SOURCE/out/target/product/generic<br />
mkdir $ANDROID_SOURCE/rootfs<br />
cp -a root/* $ANDROID_SOURCE/rootfs/<br />
cp -a system/* $ANDROID_SOURCE/rootfs/system/<br />
cd $ANDROID_SOURCE/rootfs<br />
sudo chown -R root.root .<br />
sudo chmod -R a+rwX data system<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
===JFFS2 Root file system===<br />
Actually, Android should use a file system how support mmap function like yaffs2, ext2 or ubifs. Unfortunaly, U-Boot support only jffs2 or ext2. So we will use ext2 on a µSD for data.<br />
====Prepare the MMC/µSD card====<br />
We will create two partitions on our mmc/µSD card, The first one will use for Android memory card, the second one will use for Android file system.<br />
First connect your card reader to your workstation, with the mmc/µSD card inside. Type the '''dmesg''' command to see which device is used by your workstation. Let’s assume that this device is '''/dev/sdb'''<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ dmesg<br />
...<br />
[ 9145.613954] sdb: sdb1 sdb2<br />
[ 9145.615125] sd 10:0:0:0: [sdc] Attached SCSI removable disk<br />
[ 9145.615258] sd 10:0:0:0: Attached scsi generic sg3 type 0<br />
</pre><br />
Type the mount command to check your currently mounted partitions. If MMC/SD partitions are mounted, unmount them.<br><br />
In a terminal edit partitions with fdisk:<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
sudo fdisk /dev/sdb<br />
</pre><br />
Delete any existing partition with the d command.<br><br />
Now, create the boot partition:<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
Command (m for help): n<br />
Command action<br />
e extended<br />
p primary partition (1-4)<br />
p<br />
Partition number (1-4): 1<br />
First cylinder (1-495, default 1): 1<br />
Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (1-239, default 239): +1G<br />
</pre><br />
Change its type to FAT32:<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
Command (m for help): t<br />
Selected partition 1<br />
Hex code (type L to list codes): c<br />
Changed system type of partition 1 to c (W95 FAT32 (LBA))<br />
</pre><br />
Using the n command again, create a second partition filling up the rest of your card (just accept default values).<br><br />
Now, format the partitions in your card:<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
sudo mkfs.vfat -n MemoryCard -F 32 /dev/sdb1<br />
sudo mkfs.ext2 -L data /dev/sdb2<br />
</pre><br />
====Boot setup====<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ sudo mkfs.jffs2 -n -e 0x20000 --pad=0x700000 -r $ANDROID_SOURCE/rootfs -o $TFTPBOOT/apf27-rootfs.arm.jffs2<br />
</pre><br />
The last thing left to do is to specify how the board boots Linux.<br><br />
In the U-boot prompt, make the mmc boot is on second partition of the mmc/µSD card<br />
<pre class="apf"> <br />
setenv addjffsargs 'setenv bootargs ${bootargs} root=/dev/mtdblock4 rootfstype=jffs2 init=/init'<br />
setenv bootcmd run mmcboot<br />
saveenv<br />
run update_kernel<br />
run update_rootfs<br />
</pre><br />
[[Image:Apf27_android.JPG]]<br />
<br />
==Debug==<br />
===Prerequisite===<br />
Installing the [http://developer.android.com/sdk/1.6_r1/installing.html Android Development Tools (ADT)]<br />
Trace with '''logcat''' with Eclipse-ADT<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
export ADBHOST=w.x.y.z<br />
adb kill-server<br />
adb start-server<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
===Test with Android emulator===<br />
Documentation on Android [http://developer.android.com/guide/developing/tools/emulator.html emulator]<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
cd $ANDROID_SOURCE/kernel<br />
make ARCH=arm goldfish_defconfig<br />
make ARCH=arm CROSS_COMPILE=$ANDROID_SOURCE/prebuilt/linux-x86/toolchain/arm-eabi-4.2.1/bin/arm-eabi<br />
</pre><br />
Create AVD (Android Virtual Device)<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ANDROID_SDK/tools/android create avd -n APF27-H -t 4 -s 272x480<br />
$ANDROID_SDK/tools/android create avd -n APF27-L -t 4 -s 480x272<br />
$ANDROID_SOURCE/out/host/linux-x86/bin/emulator -avd APF27-H -sysdir $ANDROID_SOURCE/out/target/product/generic/ -kernel $ANDROID_SOURCE/kernel/arch/arm/boot/zImage -data $ANDROID_SOURCE/out/target/product/generic/userdata.img -ramdisk $ANDROID_SOURCE/out/target/product/generic/ramdisk.img -system $ANDROID_SOURCE/out/target/product/generic/system.img<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
==Links==<br />
* [http://elinux.org/Android Android page on elinux.org]<br />
** [http://elinux.org/Android_on_OMAP Android on OMAP portage page on elinux.org]<br />
* [http://wiki.openmoko.org/wiki/Android Android on OpenMoko]<br />
* http://wiki.kldp.org/wiki.php/AndroidPortingOnRealTarget<br />
<br />
==Thanks==<br />
Thanks to Xavier Romanens and Fabrice Carrel form Ecole d'ingénieurs et d'architectes de Fribourg for their contributions.</div>NicolasDhttp://armadeus.org/wiki/index.php?title=Android&diff=7474Android2009-10-13T09:43:03Z<p>NicolasD: /* Audio kernel configuration */</p>
<hr />
<div>[[Image:Android-logo.png]]<br />
<br />
This page will sumarize the efforts made to have Android running on the APF boards.<br />
<br />
{{Note| Due to Android requirements (at least an ARM926 core), it is impossible to have it running on the APF9328}}<br />
<br />
==Some readings before starting==<br />
* http://developer.android.com/guide/basics/what-is-android.html<br />
<br />
==Prerequisites for Android installation==<br />
===Install needed software packages===<br />
* Install these package for build the kernel image and for format the mmc/µSD card<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ sudo apt-get install uboot-mkimage mtd-utils<br />
</pre><br />
* The Armadeus [[Toolchain]], only for Armadeus patches<br />
<br />
===Update the environment variables===<br />
Theses environment variables install the Android and Armadeus folder in our home directory, but of course, it can be placed anywhere!<br />
<pre class="config"><br />
export ANDROID_SOURCE=~/apf27droid<br />
export ANDROID_SDK=~/android-sdk-linux_x86-1.5_r3<br />
export ARMADEUS=~/armadeus-3.1<br />
export PATH=${PATH}:${ANDROID_SDK}/tools:${ANDROID_SOURCE}/bin<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
===Download Android source===<br />
List of different Android branch: [http://android.git.kernel.org/?p=platform/manifest.git;a=heads heads]<br />
The [http://source.android.com/download getting Android source] document describes how to set up our local work environment. <br />
Follow theses instructions until '''Installing Repo''' chapter.<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ mkdir $ANDROID_SOURCE<br />
$ cd $ANDROID_SOURCE<br />
$ mkdir bin<br />
$ curl http://android.git.kernel.org/repo >$ANDROID_SOURCE/bin/repo<br />
$ chmod a+x $ANDROID_SOURCE/bin/repo<br />
$ repo init -u git://android.git.kernel.org/platform/manifest.git -b android-sdk-1.5_r3<br />
$ repo sync<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
Since android-sdk-1.5_r3 branch, the Linux kernel isn't with the Android source, <br />
We can download it in a compress archive (tar.gz) file with this [http://android.git.kernel.org/?p=kernel/common.git;a=snapshot;h=refs/heads/android-2.6.29;sf=tgz android-kernel-2.6.29] (about (70Mib) or with git repository (more 300Mib)<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ mkdir $ANDROID_SOURCE/kernel<br />
$ cd $ANDROID_SOURCE/kernel<br />
$ git clone git://android.git.kernel.org/kernel/common.git android-2.6.29<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
==Linux Kernel 2.6.29==<br />
===Apply the Armadeus patchset===<br />
Before compiling the kernel, we patch the source with the Armadeus patches. In second time, I will give the URL to retrieve Linux 2.6.29.4 patch.<br />
{{Warning| Never export ARCH and CROSS_COMPILE environment variables because Android make use them too}}<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ARMADEUS/buildroot/toolchain/patch-kernel.sh $ANDROID_SOURCE/kernel $ARMADEUS/downloads patch-2.6.29.4.bz2<br />
$ARMADEUS/buildroot/toolchain/patch-kernel.sh $ANDROID_SOURCE/kernel $ARMADEUS/buildroot/target/device/armadeus/linux/kernel-patches/2.6.29.4 \*.patch{,.gz,.bz2}<br />
mkdir $ANDROID_SOURCE/kernel/drivers/armadeus<br />
cp -r $ARMADEUS/target/linux/modules/* $ANDROID_SOURCE/kernel/drivers/armadeus<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
For generate the Linux kernel, we retrieve the default apf27 Linux configuration and modify it for start Android.<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
cp $ARMADEUS/buildroot/target/device/armadeus/apf27/apf27-linux-2.6.29.config $ANDROID_SOURCE/kernel/arch/arm/configs/apf27_android_defconfig<br />
cd $ANDROID_SOURCE/kernel<br />
make ARCH=arm mrproper<br />
make ARCH=arm apf27_android_defconfig<br />
make ARCH=arm menuconfig<br />
</pre><br />
===Android kernel configuration===<br />
Make sure your kernel boots normally on your board. Then enable some Android specific configuration and make sure that your kernel still boots (with your standard file system).<br />
* Activate the Android pmem allocator<br />
<pre class="config"><br />
Device Drivers ---><br />
[*] Misc devices ---><br />
[*] Android pmem allocator<br />
</pre><br />
* Activate the Android drivers<br />
<pre class="config"><br />
Device Drivers ---><br />
[*] Staging drivers ---> <br />
[ ] Exclude Staging drivers from being built (NEW)<br />
...<br />
Android ---><br />
[*] Android Drivers<br />
[*] Android Binder IPC Driver<br />
<*> Android log driver <br />
[ ] Android RAM buffer console<br />
[*] Timed output class driver (NEW)<br />
< > Android timed gpio driver (NEW)<br />
[*] Android Low Memory Killer <br />
</pre><br />
* Activate the Anonymous Shared Memory Subsystem<br />
<pre class="config"><br />
General setup ---><br />
[*] Enable the Anonymous Shared Memory Subsystem<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
===Touchscreen kernel configuration===<br />
* Activate the wake lock for spi event reach to Android and include in the compiled kernel the touchscreen driver<br />
<pre class="config"><br />
Power management options ---><br />
[*] Wake lock<br />
[*] Wake lock stats (NEW)<br />
[*] Userspace wake locks (NEW)<br />
[*] Early suspend (NEW) <br />
User-space screen access (Console switch on early-suspend) ---><br />
(X) Sysfs interface <br />
...<br />
Device Drivers ---><br />
Input device support ---><br />
[*] Touchscreens ---><br />
<*> TSC 2102 based touchscreens<br />
...<br />
<*> Hardware Monitoring support ---><br />
</pre><br />
===Audio kernel configuration===<br />
* Include in the compiled kernel the audio driver<br />
<pre class="config"><br />
Device Drivers ---><br />
<*> Sound card support ---><br />
--- Sound card support<br />
<*> Advanced Linux Sound Architecture ---><br />
</pre><br />
<br />
===Build Android kernel===<br />
Compile the kernel and generate image kernel for U-Boot Loader<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ make ARCH=arm CROSS_COMPILE=$ANDROID_SOURCE/prebuilt/linux-x86/toolchain/arm-eabi-4.2.1/bin/arm-eabi- uImage<br />
$ cp $ANDROID_SOURCE/kernel/arch/arm/boot/uImage $TFTPBOOT/apf27-linux.bin<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
==Android==<br />
===Battery patch===<br />
At the beginning, reboot happened over again even though Android logo appeared on board.<br />
Result of investigation, we found that battery power was returned with 0 when boot.. Then, we changed to notify full battery to Android by ignoring the information under '''/sys/class/power_supply''' so that to prevent the power down by low battery '''$ANDROID_SOURCE/frameworks/base/services/jni/com_android_server_BatteryService.cpp'''<br />
*Change the battery service status as TRUE<br />
<source lang="c"><br />
static void setBooleanField(JNIEnv* env, jobject obj, const char* path, jfieldID fieldID)<br />
{<br />
const int SIZE = 16;<br />
char buf[SIZE];<br />
<br />
jboolean value = true; /* change false -> true */<br />
/*!!!comment out!!!<br />
if (readFromFile(path, buf, SIZE) > 0) {<br />
if (buf[0] == '1') {<br />
value = true;<br />
}<br />
}<br />
*/<br />
env->SetBooleanField(obj, fieldID, value);<br />
}<br />
</source><br />
*Change the volume, voltage and temperature of battery. Return 100%.<br />
<source lang="c"><br />
static void setIntField(JNIEnv* env, jobject obj, const char* path, jfieldID fieldID)<br />
{<br />
const int SIZE = 128;<br />
char buf[SIZE];<br />
<br />
jint value = 100; /* change 0 -> 100 */<br />
/*!!!comment out!!!<br />
if (readFromFile(path, buf, SIZE) > 0) {<br />
value = atoi(buf);<br />
}<br />
*/<br />
env->SetIntField(obj, fieldID, value);<br />
}<br />
</source><br />
* Change the battery charged status as full and deterioration status as fair.<br />
<source lang="c"><br />
static void android_server_BatteryService_update(JNIEnv* env, jobject obj)<br />
{<br />
setBooleanField(env, obj, AC_ONLINE_PATH, gFieldIds.mAcOnline);<br />
setBooleanField(env, obj, USB_ONLINE_PATH, gFieldIds.mUsbOnline);<br />
setBooleanField(env, obj, BATTERY_PRESENT_PATH, gFieldIds.mBatteryPresent);<br />
<br />
setIntField(env, obj, BATTERY_CAPACITY_PATH, gFieldIds.mBatteryLevel);<br />
setIntField(env, obj, BATTERY_VOLTAGE_PATH, gFieldIds.mBatteryVoltage);<br />
setIntField(env, obj, BATTERY_TEMPERATURE_PATH, gFieldIds.mBatteryTemperature);<br />
<br />
/* Change */<br />
env->SetIntField(obj, gFieldIds.mBatteryStatus, gConstants.statusFull);<br />
env->SetIntField(obj, gFieldIds.mBatteryHealth, gConstants.healthGood);<br />
env->SetObjectField(obj, gFieldIds.mBatteryTechnology, env->NewStringUTF("1"));<br />
<br />
/*!!!comment out!!!<br />
const int SIZE = 128;<br />
char buf[SIZE];<br />
<br />
if (readFromFile(BATTERY_STATUS_PATH, buf, SIZE) > 0)<br />
env->SetIntField(obj, gFieldIds.mBatteryStatus, getBatteryStatus(buf));<br />
<br />
if (readFromFile(BATTERY_HEALTH_PATH, buf, SIZE) > 0)<br />
env->SetIntField(obj, gFieldIds.mBatteryHealth, getBatteryHealth(buf));<br />
<br />
if (readFromFile(BATTERY_TECHNOLOGY_PATH, buf, SIZE) > 0)<br />
env->SetObjectField(obj, gFieldIds.mBatteryTechnology, env->NewStringUTF(buf));<br />
*/<br />
}<br />
</source><br />
<br />
===Audio===<br />
For activate the audio, we should retrieve Alsa android module whose not directly add in the source<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
cd $ANDROID_SOURCE/external<br />
git clone git://android.git.kernel.org/platform/external/alsa-lib.git<br />
git clone git://android.git.kernel.org/platform/external/alsa-utils.git<br />
cd $ANDROID_SOURCE/hardware <br />
git clone git://android.git.kernel.org/platform/hardware/alsa_sound.git<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
edit '''$ANDROID_SOURCE/build/target/board/generic/BoardConfig.mk''' and modify the audio divers used by Android<br />
<pre class="config"> <br />
# HAVE_HTC_AUDIO_DRIVER := true<br />
# BOARD_USES_GENERIC_AUDIO := true<br />
BOARD_USES_ALSA_AUDIO := true<br />
BUILD_WITH_ALSA_UTILS := true<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
edit '''$ANDROID_SOURCE/hardware/alsa_sound/AudioHardwareALSA.cpp''' and change bufferSize to 8192 in twice StreamDefaults structures <br><br />
edit '''$ANDROID_SOURCE/system/core/init/device.c''' and add audio device in Linux devices<br />
<source lang="c"><br />
static struct perms_ devperms[] = {<br />
{ "/dev/null", 0666, AID_ROOT, AID_ROOT, 0 },<br />
...<br />
{ "/dev/qmi1", 0640, AID_RADIO, AID_RADIO, 0 },<br />
{ "/dev/qmi2", 0640, AID_RADIO, AID_RADIO, 0 },<br />
// Add this line<br />
{ "/dev/snd/", 0664, AID_SYSTEM, AID_AUDIO, 1 },<br />
{ NULL, 0, 0, 0, 0 },<br />
};<br />
</source><br />
<br />
<source lang="c"><br />
static void handle_device_event(struct uevent *uevent)<br />
{<br />
char devpath[96];<br />
char *base, *name;<br />
int block;<br />
...<br />
} else if(!strncmp(uevent->subsystem, "mtd", 3)) {<br />
base = "/dev/mtd/";<br />
mkdir(base, 0755);<br />
// add this conditionnal block<br />
} else if(!strncmp(uevent->subsystem, "sound", 5)) {<br />
base = "/dev/snd/";<br />
mkdir(base, 0755);<br />
} else if(!strncmp(uevent->subsystem, "misc", 4) &&<br />
!strncmp(name, "log_", 4)) {<br />
base = "/dev/log/";<br />
mkdir(base, 0755);<br />
name += 4;<br />
} else<br />
base = "/dev/";<br />
}<br />
</source><br />
Add audio files in Android files system<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
mkdir $ANDROID_SOURCE/system/core/rootdir/media <br />
mkdir $ANDROID_SOURCE/system/core/rootdir/media/audio <br />
mkdir $ANDROID_SOURCE/system/core/rootdir/media/audio/ui<br />
mkdir $ANDROID_SOURCE/system/core/rootdir/media/audio/alarms <br />
mkdir $ANDROID_SOURCE/system/core/rootdir/media/audio/notifications <br />
mkdir $ANDROID_SOURCE/system/core/rootdir/media/audio/ringtones <br />
cp $ANDROID_SOURCE/frameworks/base/data/sounds/effects/* $ANDROID_SOURCE/system/core/rootdir/media/audio/ui/ <br />
cp $ANDROID_SOURCE/frameworks/base/data/sounds/Alarm_* $ANDROID_SOURCE/system/core/rootdir/media/audio/alarms/<br />
cp $ANDROID_SOURCE/frameworks/base/data/sounds/notifications/* $ANDROID_SOURCE/system/core/rootdir/media/audio/notifications/<br />
cp $ANDROID_SOURCE/frameworks/base/data/sounds/Ring_* $ANDROID_SOURCE/system/core/rootdir/media/audio/ringtones/<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
===Touchscreen===<br />
Android don't use tslib library so we should add the calibration directly in ts drivers<br><br />
edit '''$ANDROID_SOURCE/kernel/drivers/input/touchscreen/ts2102_ts.c'''<br><br />
Add new definitions for X and Y ranges<br />
<source lang="c"><br />
#define DRIVER_NAME "TSC210x Touchscreen"<br />
#define X_AXIS_MAX 4000<br />
#define X_AXIS_MIN 0<br />
#define Y_AXIS_MAX 4200<br />
#define Y_AXIS_MIN 100<br />
#define PRESSURE_MIN 20<br />
#define PRESSURE_MAX 40000<br />
#define FACTOR 5000<br />
</source><br />
Send touch event to Android when the user release the touchscreen<br />
<source lang="c"><br />
static void tsc210x_touch(int touching)<br />
{<br />
if (!touching) {<br />
//input_report_abs(dev, ABS_X, 0);<br />
//input_report_abs(dev, ABS_Y, 0);<br />
input_report_key(dev, BTN_TOUCH, 0);<br />
input_report_abs(dev, ABS_PRESSURE, 0);<br />
input_sync(dev);<br />
}<br />
<br />
//input_report_key(dev, BTN_TOUCH, touching);<br />
//do_poke_blanked_console = 1;<br />
}<br />
</source><br />
<source lang="c"><br />
static void tsc210x_coords(int x, int y, int z1, int z2)<br />
{<br />
int p;<br />
<br />
/* Calculate the touch resistance a la equation #1 */<br />
if (z1 != 0)<br />
p = x * (z2 - z1) / (z1 << 4) * FACTOR;<br />
else<br />
p = 1;<br />
<br />
y = Y_AXIS_MAX - y;<br />
input_report_key(dev, BTN_TOUCH, 1);<br />
input_report_abs(dev, ABS_X, x);<br />
input_report_abs(dev, ABS_Y, y);<br />
input_report_abs(dev, ABS_PRESSURE, p);<br />
input_sync(dev);<br />
}<br />
</source><br />
Calibrate the touchscreen with X and Y ranges<br />
<source lang="c"><br />
static int tsc210x_ts_probe(struct platform_device *pdev)<br />
{<br />
int status;<br />
<br />
dev = input_allocate_device();<br />
if (!dev)<br />
return -ENOMEM;<br />
<br />
status = tsc210x_touch_cb(tsc210x_touch);<br />
if (status)<br />
{<br />
goto error;<br />
}<br />
<br />
status = tsc210x_coords_cb(tsc210x_coords);<br />
if (status)<br />
{<br />
goto error;<br />
}<br />
<br />
dev->name = DRIVER_NAME;<br />
dev->dev.parent = &pdev->dev;<br />
dev->evbit[0] = BIT_MASK(EV_KEY) | BIT_MASK(EV_ABS);<br />
dev->keybit[BIT_WORD(BTN_TOUCH)] |= BIT_MASK(BTN_TOUCH);<br />
dev->absbit[0] = BIT_MASK(ABS_X) | BIT_MASK(ABS_Y) | BIT_MASK(ABS_PRESSURE);<br />
input_set_abs_params(dev, ABS_X, X_AXIS_MIN, X_AXIS_MAX, 0, 0);<br />
input_set_abs_params(dev, ABS_Y, Y_AXIS_MIN, Y_AXIS_MAX, 0, 0);<br />
input_set_abs_params(dev, ABS_PRESSURE, PRESSURE_MIN, PRESSURE_MAX, 0, 0);<br />
status = input_register_device(dev);<br />
if (status)<br />
{<br />
printk(KERN_INFO "Unable to register TSC210x as input device !\n");<br />
goto error;<br />
}<br />
<br />
printk(DRIVER_NAME " driver initialized\n");<br />
return 0;<br />
<br />
error:<br />
input_free_device(dev);<br />
return status;<br />
}<br />
</source><br />
<br />
===Android start up===<br />
Edit $ANDROID_SOURCE/system/core/rootdir/init.rc, comment the 'mount roofs' in read only mode and 'mount yaffs2' lines like this:<br />
<pre class="config"><br />
# setup the global environment<br />
export PATH /sbin:/system/sbin:/system/bin:/system/xbin<br />
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH /system/lib<br />
export ANDROID_BOOTLOGO 1<br />
export ANDROID_ROOT /system<br />
export ANDROID_ASSETS /system/app<br />
export ANDROID_DATA /data<br />
export EXTERNAL_STORAGE /sdcard<br />
export BOOTCLASSPATH /system/framework/core.jar:/system/framework/ext.jar:/system/framework/framework.jar:/system/framework/android.policy.jar:/system/framework/services.jar<br />
<br />
mount rootfs rootfs / rw remount<br />
<br />
# Backward compatibility<br />
symlink /system/etc /etc<br />
<br />
# create mountpoints and mount tmpfs on sqlite_stmt_journals<br />
mkdir /sdcard 0000 system system<br />
mkdir /system<br />
mkdir /data 0771 system system<br />
mkdir /cache 0770 system cache<br />
mkdir /sqlite_stmt_journals 01777 root root<br />
mount tmpfs tmpfs /sqlite_stmt_journals size=4m<br />
<br />
mount rootfs rootfs / ro remount<br />
<br />
write /proc/sys/kernel/panic_on_oops 1<br />
write /proc/sys/kernel/hung_task_timeout_secs 0<br />
write /proc/cpu/alignment 4<br />
write /proc/sys/kernel/sched_latency_ns 10000000<br />
write /proc/sys/kernel/sched_wakeup_granularity_ns 2000000<br />
<br />
# mount mtd partitions<br />
# Mount the SD Card partition<br />
setprop EXTERNAL_STORAGE_STATE mounted<br />
mount vfat /dev/block/mmcblk0p1 /sdcard nosuid nodev<br />
<br />
# We chown/chmod /data again so because mount is run as root + defaults<br />
mount ext2 /dev/block/mmcblk0p2 /data nosuid nodev<br />
chown system system /data<br />
chmod 0771 /data<br />
<br />
# Same reason as /data above<br />
chown system cache /cache<br />
chmod 0770 /cache<br />
<br />
# This may have been created by the recovery system with odd permissions<br />
chown system system /cache/recovery<br />
chmod 0770 /cache/recovery<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
===Compile===<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ cd $ANDROID_SOURCE<br />
$ make<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
==Making RootFS==<br />
===Android Root File system===<br />
Android emulator has 3 basic images on tools/lib/images directory.<br />
* '''ramdisk.img''' is gziped cpio archive. ramdisk.img is a small partition image that is mounted read-only by the kernel at boot time. It only contains /init and a few config files. It is used to start init which will mount the rest of the system images properly and run the init procedure. A Ramdisk is a standard Linux feature. It is made just for the Android and do special things to start up the Android system.<br />
* '''system.img''' is a partition image that will be mounted as / and thus contains all system binaries.<br />
* '''userdata.img''' is a partition image that can be mounted as /data and thus contains all application-specific and user-specific data.<br />
<br />
===Create the Android root filesystem for apf27===<br />
Android’s root file system is generated in $ANDROID_SOURCE/out/target/product/generic. We will create a folder containing all Android files images. <br />
<pre class="host"><br />
sudo rm -rf $ANDROID_SOURCE/rootfs/<br />
cd $ANDROID_SOURCE/out/target/product/generic<br />
mkdir $ANDROID_SOURCE/rootfs<br />
cp -a root/* $ANDROID_SOURCE/rootfs/<br />
cp -a system/* $ANDROID_SOURCE/rootfs/system/<br />
cd $ANDROID_SOURCE/rootfs<br />
sudo chown -R root.root .<br />
sudo chmod -R a+rwX data system<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
===JFFS2 Root file system===<br />
Actually, Android should use a file system how support mmap function like yaffs2, ext2 or ubifs. Unfortunaly, U-Boot support only jffs2 or ext2. So we will use ext2 on a µSD for data.<br />
====Prepare the MMC/µSD card====<br />
We will create two partitions on our mmc/µSD card, The first one will use for Android memory card, the second one will use for Android file system.<br />
First connect your card reader to your workstation, with the mmc/µSD card inside. Type the '''dmesg''' command to see which device is used by your workstation. Let’s assume that this device is '''/dev/sdb'''<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ dmesg<br />
...<br />
[ 9145.613954] sdb: sdb1 sdb2<br />
[ 9145.615125] sd 10:0:0:0: [sdc] Attached SCSI removable disk<br />
[ 9145.615258] sd 10:0:0:0: Attached scsi generic sg3 type 0<br />
</pre><br />
Type the mount command to check your currently mounted partitions. If MMC/SD partitions are mounted, unmount them.<br><br />
In a terminal edit partitions with fdisk:<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
sudo fdisk /dev/sdb<br />
</pre><br />
Delete any existing partition with the d command.<br><br />
Now, create the boot partition:<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
Command (m for help): n<br />
Command action<br />
e extended<br />
p primary partition (1-4)<br />
p<br />
Partition number (1-4): 1<br />
First cylinder (1-495, default 1): 1<br />
Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (1-239, default 239): +1G<br />
</pre><br />
Change its type to FAT32:<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
Command (m for help): t<br />
Selected partition 1<br />
Hex code (type L to list codes): c<br />
Changed system type of partition 1 to c (W95 FAT32 (LBA))<br />
</pre><br />
Using the n command again, create a second partition filling up the rest of your card (just accept default values).<br><br />
Now, format the partitions in your card:<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
sudo mkfs.vfat -n MemoryCard -F 32 /dev/sdb1<br />
sudo mkfs.ext2 -L data /dev/sdb2<br />
</pre><br />
====Boot setup====<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ sudo mkfs.jffs2 -n -e 0x20000 --pad=0x700000 -r $ANDROID_SOURCE/rootfs -o $TFTPBOOT/apf27-rootfs.arm.jffs2<br />
</pre><br />
The last thing left to do is to specify how the board boots Linux.<br><br />
In the U-boot prompt, make the mmc boot is on second partition of the mmc/µSD card<br />
<pre class="apf"> <br />
setenv addjffsargs 'setenv bootargs ${bootargs} root=/dev/mtdblock4 rootfstype=jffs2 init=/init'<br />
setenv bootcmd run mmcboot<br />
saveenv<br />
run update_kernel<br />
run update_rootfs<br />
</pre><br />
[[Image:Apf27_android.JPG]]<br />
<br />
==Debug==<br />
===Prerequisite===<br />
Installing the [http://developer.android.com/sdk/1.6_r1/installing.html Android Development Tools (ADT)]<br />
Trace with '''logcat''' with Eclipse-ADT<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
export ADBHOST=w.x.y.z<br />
adb kill-server<br />
adb start-server<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
===Test with Android emulator===<br />
Documentation on Android [http://developer.android.com/guide/developing/tools/emulator.html emulator]<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
cd $ANDROID_SOURCE/kernel<br />
make ARCH=arm goldfish_defconfig<br />
make ARCH=arm CROSS_COMPILE=$ANDROID_SOURCE/prebuilt/linux-x86/toolchain/arm-eabi-4.2.1/bin/arm-eabi<br />
</pre><br />
Create AVD (Android Virtual Device)<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ANDROID_SDK/tools/android create avd -n APF27-H -t 4 -s 272x480<br />
$ANDROID_SDK/tools/android create avd -n APF27-L -t 4 -s 480x272<br />
$ANDROID_SOURCE/out/host/linux-x86/bin/emulator -avd APF27-H -sysdir $ANDROID_SOURCE/out/target/product/generic/ -kernel $ANDROID_SOURCE/kernel/arch/arm/boot/zImage -data $ANDROID_SOURCE/out/target/product/generic/userdata.img -ramdisk $ANDROID_SOURCE/out/target/product/generic/ramdisk.img -system $ANDROID_SOURCE/out/target/product/generic/system.img<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
==Links==<br />
* [http://elinux.org/Android Android page on elinux.org]<br />
** [http://elinux.org/Android_on_OMAP Android on OMAP portage page on elinux.org]<br />
* [http://wiki.openmoko.org/wiki/Android Android on OpenMoko]<br />
* http://wiki.kldp.org/wiki.php/AndroidPortingOnRealTarget<br />
<br />
==Thanks==<br />
Thanks to Xavier Romanens and Fabrice Carrel form Ecole d'ingénieurs et d'architectes de Fribourg for their contributions.</div>NicolasDhttp://armadeus.org/wiki/index.php?title=Android&diff=7473Android2009-10-13T09:28:58Z<p>NicolasD: Add comments</p>
<hr />
<div>[[Image:Android-logo.png]]<br />
<br />
This page will sumarize the efforts made to have Android running on the APF boards.<br />
<br />
{{Note| Due to Android requirements (at least an ARM926 core), it is impossible to have it running on the APF9328}}<br />
<br />
==Some readings before starting==<br />
* http://developer.android.com/guide/basics/what-is-android.html<br />
<br />
==Prerequisites for Android installation==<br />
===Install needed software packages===<br />
* Install these package for build the kernel image and for format the mmc/µSD card<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ sudo apt-get install uboot-mkimage mtd-utils<br />
</pre><br />
* The Armadeus [[Toolchain]], only for Armadeus patches<br />
<br />
===Update the environment variables===<br />
Theses environment variables install the Android and Armadeus folder in our home directory, but of course, it can be placed anywhere!<br />
<pre class="config"><br />
export ANDROID_SOURCE=~/apf27droid<br />
export ANDROID_SDK=~/android-sdk-linux_x86-1.5_r3<br />
export ARMADEUS=~/armadeus-3.1<br />
export PATH=${PATH}:${ANDROID_SDK}/tools:${ANDROID_SOURCE}/bin<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
===Download Android source===<br />
List of different Android branch: [http://android.git.kernel.org/?p=platform/manifest.git;a=heads heads]<br />
The [http://source.android.com/download getting Android source] document describes how to set up our local work environment. <br />
Follow theses instructions until '''Installing Repo''' chapter.<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ mkdir $ANDROID_SOURCE<br />
$ cd $ANDROID_SOURCE<br />
$ mkdir bin<br />
$ curl http://android.git.kernel.org/repo >$ANDROID_SOURCE/bin/repo<br />
$ chmod a+x $ANDROID_SOURCE/bin/repo<br />
$ repo init -u git://android.git.kernel.org/platform/manifest.git -b android-sdk-1.5_r3<br />
$ repo sync<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
Since android-sdk-1.5_r3 branch, the Linux kernel isn't with the Android source, <br />
We can download it in a compress archive (tar.gz) file with this [http://android.git.kernel.org/?p=kernel/common.git;a=snapshot;h=refs/heads/android-2.6.29;sf=tgz android-kernel-2.6.29] (about (70Mib) or with git repository (more 300Mib)<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ mkdir $ANDROID_SOURCE/kernel<br />
$ cd $ANDROID_SOURCE/kernel<br />
$ git clone git://android.git.kernel.org/kernel/common.git android-2.6.29<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
==Linux Kernel 2.6.29==<br />
===Apply the Armadeus patchset===<br />
Before compiling the kernel, we patch the source with the Armadeus patches. In second time, I will give the URL to retrieve Linux 2.6.29.4 patch.<br />
{{Warning| Never export ARCH and CROSS_COMPILE environment variables because Android make use them too}}<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ARMADEUS/buildroot/toolchain/patch-kernel.sh $ANDROID_SOURCE/kernel $ARMADEUS/downloads patch-2.6.29.4.bz2<br />
$ARMADEUS/buildroot/toolchain/patch-kernel.sh $ANDROID_SOURCE/kernel $ARMADEUS/buildroot/target/device/armadeus/linux/kernel-patches/2.6.29.4 \*.patch{,.gz,.bz2}<br />
mkdir $ANDROID_SOURCE/kernel/drivers/armadeus<br />
cp -r $ARMADEUS/target/linux/modules/* $ANDROID_SOURCE/kernel/drivers/armadeus<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
For generate the Linux kernel, we retrieve the default apf27 Linux configuration and modify it for start Android.<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
cp $ARMADEUS/buildroot/target/device/armadeus/apf27/apf27-linux-2.6.29.config $ANDROID_SOURCE/kernel/arch/arm/configs/apf27_android_defconfig<br />
cd $ANDROID_SOURCE/kernel<br />
make ARCH=arm mrproper<br />
make ARCH=arm apf27_android_defconfig<br />
make ARCH=arm menuconfig<br />
</pre><br />
===Android kernel configuration===<br />
Make sure your kernel boots normally on your board. Then enable some Android specific configuration and make sure that your kernel still boots (with your standard file system).<br />
* Activate the Android pmem allocator<br />
<pre class="config"><br />
Device Drivers ---><br />
[*] Misc devices ---><br />
[*] Android pmem allocator<br />
</pre><br />
* Activate the Android drivers<br />
<pre class="config"><br />
Device Drivers ---><br />
[*] Staging drivers ---> <br />
[ ] Exclude Staging drivers from being built (NEW)<br />
...<br />
Android ---><br />
[*] Android Drivers<br />
[*] Android Binder IPC Driver<br />
<*> Android log driver <br />
[ ] Android RAM buffer console<br />
[*] Timed output class driver (NEW)<br />
< > Android timed gpio driver (NEW)<br />
[*] Android Low Memory Killer <br />
</pre><br />
* Activate the Anonymous Shared Memory Subsystem<br />
<pre class="config"><br />
General setup ---><br />
[*] Enable the Anonymous Shared Memory Subsystem<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
===Touchscreen kernel configuration===<br />
* Activate the wake lock for spi event reach to Android and include in the compiled kernel the touchscreen driver<br />
<pre class="config"><br />
Power management options ---><br />
[*] Wake lock<br />
[*] Wake lock stats (NEW)<br />
[*] Userspace wake locks (NEW)<br />
[*] Early suspend (NEW) <br />
User-space screen access (Console switch on early-suspend) ---><br />
(X) Sysfs interface <br />
...<br />
Device Drivers ---><br />
Input device support ---><br />
[*] Touchscreens ---><br />
<*> TSC 2102 based touchscreens<br />
...<br />
<*> Hardware Monitoring support ---><br />
</pre><br />
<br />
===Build Android kernel===<br />
Compile the kernel and generate image kernel for U-Boot Loader<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ make ARCH=arm CROSS_COMPILE=$ANDROID_SOURCE/prebuilt/linux-x86/toolchain/arm-eabi-4.2.1/bin/arm-eabi- uImage<br />
$ cp $ANDROID_SOURCE/kernel/arch/arm/boot/uImage $TFTPBOOT/apf27-linux.bin<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
==Android==<br />
===Battery patch===<br />
At the beginning, reboot happened over again even though Android logo appeared on board.<br />
Result of investigation, we found that battery power was returned with 0 when boot.. Then, we changed to notify full battery to Android by ignoring the information under '''/sys/class/power_supply''' so that to prevent the power down by low battery '''$ANDROID_SOURCE/frameworks/base/services/jni/com_android_server_BatteryService.cpp'''<br />
*Change the battery service status as TRUE<br />
<source lang="c"><br />
static void setBooleanField(JNIEnv* env, jobject obj, const char* path, jfieldID fieldID)<br />
{<br />
const int SIZE = 16;<br />
char buf[SIZE];<br />
<br />
jboolean value = true; /* change false -> true */<br />
/*!!!comment out!!!<br />
if (readFromFile(path, buf, SIZE) > 0) {<br />
if (buf[0] == '1') {<br />
value = true;<br />
}<br />
}<br />
*/<br />
env->SetBooleanField(obj, fieldID, value);<br />
}<br />
</source><br />
*Change the volume, voltage and temperature of battery. Return 100%.<br />
<source lang="c"><br />
static void setIntField(JNIEnv* env, jobject obj, const char* path, jfieldID fieldID)<br />
{<br />
const int SIZE = 128;<br />
char buf[SIZE];<br />
<br />
jint value = 100; /* change 0 -> 100 */<br />
/*!!!comment out!!!<br />
if (readFromFile(path, buf, SIZE) > 0) {<br />
value = atoi(buf);<br />
}<br />
*/<br />
env->SetIntField(obj, fieldID, value);<br />
}<br />
</source><br />
* Change the battery charged status as full and deterioration status as fair.<br />
<source lang="c"><br />
static void android_server_BatteryService_update(JNIEnv* env, jobject obj)<br />
{<br />
setBooleanField(env, obj, AC_ONLINE_PATH, gFieldIds.mAcOnline);<br />
setBooleanField(env, obj, USB_ONLINE_PATH, gFieldIds.mUsbOnline);<br />
setBooleanField(env, obj, BATTERY_PRESENT_PATH, gFieldIds.mBatteryPresent);<br />
<br />
setIntField(env, obj, BATTERY_CAPACITY_PATH, gFieldIds.mBatteryLevel);<br />
setIntField(env, obj, BATTERY_VOLTAGE_PATH, gFieldIds.mBatteryVoltage);<br />
setIntField(env, obj, BATTERY_TEMPERATURE_PATH, gFieldIds.mBatteryTemperature);<br />
<br />
/* Change */<br />
env->SetIntField(obj, gFieldIds.mBatteryStatus, gConstants.statusFull);<br />
env->SetIntField(obj, gFieldIds.mBatteryHealth, gConstants.healthGood);<br />
env->SetObjectField(obj, gFieldIds.mBatteryTechnology, env->NewStringUTF("1"));<br />
<br />
/*!!!comment out!!!<br />
const int SIZE = 128;<br />
char buf[SIZE];<br />
<br />
if (readFromFile(BATTERY_STATUS_PATH, buf, SIZE) > 0)<br />
env->SetIntField(obj, gFieldIds.mBatteryStatus, getBatteryStatus(buf));<br />
<br />
if (readFromFile(BATTERY_HEALTH_PATH, buf, SIZE) > 0)<br />
env->SetIntField(obj, gFieldIds.mBatteryHealth, getBatteryHealth(buf));<br />
<br />
if (readFromFile(BATTERY_TECHNOLOGY_PATH, buf, SIZE) > 0)<br />
env->SetObjectField(obj, gFieldIds.mBatteryTechnology, env->NewStringUTF(buf));<br />
*/<br />
}<br />
</source><br />
<br />
===Audio===<br />
For activate the audio, we should retrieve Alsa android module whose not directly add in the source<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
cd $ANDROID_SOURCE/external<br />
git clone git://android.git.kernel.org/platform/external/alsa-lib.git<br />
git clone git://android.git.kernel.org/platform/external/alsa-utils.git<br />
cd $ANDROID_SOURCE/hardware <br />
git clone git://android.git.kernel.org/platform/hardware/alsa_sound.git<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
edit '''$ANDROID_SOURCE/build/target/board/generic/BoardConfig.mk''' and modify the audio divers used by Android<br />
<pre class="config"> <br />
# HAVE_HTC_AUDIO_DRIVER := true<br />
# BOARD_USES_GENERIC_AUDIO := true<br />
BOARD_USES_ALSA_AUDIO := true<br />
BUILD_WITH_ALSA_UTILS := true<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
edit '''$ANDROID_SOURCE/hardware/alsa_sound/AudioHardwareALSA.cpp''' and change bufferSize to 8192 in twice StreamDefaults structures <br><br />
edit '''$ANDROID_SOURCE/system/core/init/device.c''' and add audio device in Linux devices<br />
<source lang="c"><br />
static struct perms_ devperms[] = {<br />
{ "/dev/null", 0666, AID_ROOT, AID_ROOT, 0 },<br />
...<br />
{ "/dev/qmi1", 0640, AID_RADIO, AID_RADIO, 0 },<br />
{ "/dev/qmi2", 0640, AID_RADIO, AID_RADIO, 0 },<br />
// Add this line<br />
{ "/dev/snd/", 0664, AID_SYSTEM, AID_AUDIO, 1 },<br />
{ NULL, 0, 0, 0, 0 },<br />
};<br />
</source><br />
<br />
<source lang="c"><br />
static void handle_device_event(struct uevent *uevent)<br />
{<br />
char devpath[96];<br />
char *base, *name;<br />
int block;<br />
...<br />
} else if(!strncmp(uevent->subsystem, "mtd", 3)) {<br />
base = "/dev/mtd/";<br />
mkdir(base, 0755);<br />
// add this conditionnal block<br />
} else if(!strncmp(uevent->subsystem, "sound", 5)) {<br />
base = "/dev/snd/";<br />
mkdir(base, 0755);<br />
} else if(!strncmp(uevent->subsystem, "misc", 4) &&<br />
!strncmp(name, "log_", 4)) {<br />
base = "/dev/log/";<br />
mkdir(base, 0755);<br />
name += 4;<br />
} else<br />
base = "/dev/";<br />
}<br />
</source><br />
Add audio files in Android files system<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
mkdir $ANDROID_SOURCE/system/core/rootdir/media <br />
mkdir $ANDROID_SOURCE/system/core/rootdir/media/audio <br />
mkdir $ANDROID_SOURCE/system/core/rootdir/media/audio/ui<br />
mkdir $ANDROID_SOURCE/system/core/rootdir/media/audio/alarms <br />
mkdir $ANDROID_SOURCE/system/core/rootdir/media/audio/notifications <br />
mkdir $ANDROID_SOURCE/system/core/rootdir/media/audio/ringtones <br />
cp $ANDROID_SOURCE/frameworks/base/data/sounds/effects/* $ANDROID_SOURCE/system/core/rootdir/media/audio/ui/ <br />
cp $ANDROID_SOURCE/frameworks/base/data/sounds/Alarm_* $ANDROID_SOURCE/system/core/rootdir/media/audio/alarms/<br />
cp $ANDROID_SOURCE/frameworks/base/data/sounds/notifications/* $ANDROID_SOURCE/system/core/rootdir/media/audio/notifications/<br />
cp $ANDROID_SOURCE/frameworks/base/data/sounds/Ring_* $ANDROID_SOURCE/system/core/rootdir/media/audio/ringtones/<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
===Touchscreen===<br />
Android don't use tslib library so we should add the calibration directly in ts drivers<br><br />
edit '''$ANDROID_SOURCE/kernel/drivers/input/touchscreen/ts2102_ts.c'''<br><br />
Add new definitions for X and Y ranges<br />
<source lang="c"><br />
#define DRIVER_NAME "TSC210x Touchscreen"<br />
#define X_AXIS_MAX 4000<br />
#define X_AXIS_MIN 0<br />
#define Y_AXIS_MAX 4200<br />
#define Y_AXIS_MIN 100<br />
#define PRESSURE_MIN 20<br />
#define PRESSURE_MAX 40000<br />
#define FACTOR 5000<br />
</source><br />
Send touch event to Android when the user release the touchscreen<br />
<source lang="c"><br />
static void tsc210x_touch(int touching)<br />
{<br />
if (!touching) {<br />
//input_report_abs(dev, ABS_X, 0);<br />
//input_report_abs(dev, ABS_Y, 0);<br />
input_report_key(dev, BTN_TOUCH, 0);<br />
input_report_abs(dev, ABS_PRESSURE, 0);<br />
input_sync(dev);<br />
}<br />
<br />
//input_report_key(dev, BTN_TOUCH, touching);<br />
//do_poke_blanked_console = 1;<br />
}<br />
</source><br />
<source lang="c"><br />
static void tsc210x_coords(int x, int y, int z1, int z2)<br />
{<br />
int p;<br />
<br />
/* Calculate the touch resistance a la equation #1 */<br />
if (z1 != 0)<br />
p = x * (z2 - z1) / (z1 << 4) * FACTOR;<br />
else<br />
p = 1;<br />
<br />
y = Y_AXIS_MAX - y;<br />
input_report_key(dev, BTN_TOUCH, 1);<br />
input_report_abs(dev, ABS_X, x);<br />
input_report_abs(dev, ABS_Y, y);<br />
input_report_abs(dev, ABS_PRESSURE, p);<br />
input_sync(dev);<br />
}<br />
</source><br />
Calibrate the touchscreen with X and Y ranges<br />
<source lang="c"><br />
static int tsc210x_ts_probe(struct platform_device *pdev)<br />
{<br />
int status;<br />
<br />
dev = input_allocate_device();<br />
if (!dev)<br />
return -ENOMEM;<br />
<br />
status = tsc210x_touch_cb(tsc210x_touch);<br />
if (status)<br />
{<br />
goto error;<br />
}<br />
<br />
status = tsc210x_coords_cb(tsc210x_coords);<br />
if (status)<br />
{<br />
goto error;<br />
}<br />
<br />
dev->name = DRIVER_NAME;<br />
dev->dev.parent = &pdev->dev;<br />
dev->evbit[0] = BIT_MASK(EV_KEY) | BIT_MASK(EV_ABS);<br />
dev->keybit[BIT_WORD(BTN_TOUCH)] |= BIT_MASK(BTN_TOUCH);<br />
dev->absbit[0] = BIT_MASK(ABS_X) | BIT_MASK(ABS_Y) | BIT_MASK(ABS_PRESSURE);<br />
input_set_abs_params(dev, ABS_X, X_AXIS_MIN, X_AXIS_MAX, 0, 0);<br />
input_set_abs_params(dev, ABS_Y, Y_AXIS_MIN, Y_AXIS_MAX, 0, 0);<br />
input_set_abs_params(dev, ABS_PRESSURE, PRESSURE_MIN, PRESSURE_MAX, 0, 0);<br />
status = input_register_device(dev);<br />
if (status)<br />
{<br />
printk(KERN_INFO "Unable to register TSC210x as input device !\n");<br />
goto error;<br />
}<br />
<br />
printk(DRIVER_NAME " driver initialized\n");<br />
return 0;<br />
<br />
error:<br />
input_free_device(dev);<br />
return status;<br />
}<br />
</source><br />
<br />
===Android start up===<br />
Edit $ANDROID_SOURCE/system/core/rootdir/init.rc, comment the 'mount roofs' in read only mode and 'mount yaffs2' lines like this:<br />
<pre class="config"><br />
# setup the global environment<br />
export PATH /sbin:/system/sbin:/system/bin:/system/xbin<br />
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH /system/lib<br />
export ANDROID_BOOTLOGO 1<br />
export ANDROID_ROOT /system<br />
export ANDROID_ASSETS /system/app<br />
export ANDROID_DATA /data<br />
export EXTERNAL_STORAGE /sdcard<br />
export BOOTCLASSPATH /system/framework/core.jar:/system/framework/ext.jar:/system/framework/framework.jar:/system/framework/android.policy.jar:/system/framework/services.jar<br />
<br />
mount rootfs rootfs / rw remount<br />
<br />
# Backward compatibility<br />
symlink /system/etc /etc<br />
<br />
# create mountpoints and mount tmpfs on sqlite_stmt_journals<br />
mkdir /sdcard 0000 system system<br />
mkdir /system<br />
mkdir /data 0771 system system<br />
mkdir /cache 0770 system cache<br />
mkdir /sqlite_stmt_journals 01777 root root<br />
mount tmpfs tmpfs /sqlite_stmt_journals size=4m<br />
<br />
mount rootfs rootfs / ro remount<br />
<br />
write /proc/sys/kernel/panic_on_oops 1<br />
write /proc/sys/kernel/hung_task_timeout_secs 0<br />
write /proc/cpu/alignment 4<br />
write /proc/sys/kernel/sched_latency_ns 10000000<br />
write /proc/sys/kernel/sched_wakeup_granularity_ns 2000000<br />
<br />
# mount mtd partitions<br />
# Mount the SD Card partition<br />
setprop EXTERNAL_STORAGE_STATE mounted<br />
mount vfat /dev/block/mmcblk0p1 /sdcard nosuid nodev<br />
<br />
# We chown/chmod /data again so because mount is run as root + defaults<br />
mount ext2 /dev/block/mmcblk0p2 /data nosuid nodev<br />
chown system system /data<br />
chmod 0771 /data<br />
<br />
# Same reason as /data above<br />
chown system cache /cache<br />
chmod 0770 /cache<br />
<br />
# This may have been created by the recovery system with odd permissions<br />
chown system system /cache/recovery<br />
chmod 0770 /cache/recovery<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
===Compile===<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ cd $ANDROID_SOURCE<br />
$ make<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
==Making RootFS==<br />
===Android Root File system===<br />
Android emulator has 3 basic images on tools/lib/images directory.<br />
* '''ramdisk.img''' is gziped cpio archive. ramdisk.img is a small partition image that is mounted read-only by the kernel at boot time. It only contains /init and a few config files. It is used to start init which will mount the rest of the system images properly and run the init procedure. A Ramdisk is a standard Linux feature. It is made just for the Android and do special things to start up the Android system.<br />
* '''system.img''' is a partition image that will be mounted as / and thus contains all system binaries.<br />
* '''userdata.img''' is a partition image that can be mounted as /data and thus contains all application-specific and user-specific data.<br />
<br />
===Create the Android root filesystem for apf27===<br />
Android’s root file system is generated in $ANDROID_SOURCE/out/target/product/generic. We will create a folder containing all Android files images. <br />
<pre class="host"><br />
sudo rm -rf $ANDROID_SOURCE/rootfs/<br />
cd $ANDROID_SOURCE/out/target/product/generic<br />
mkdir $ANDROID_SOURCE/rootfs<br />
cp -a root/* $ANDROID_SOURCE/rootfs/<br />
cp -a system/* $ANDROID_SOURCE/rootfs/system/<br />
cd $ANDROID_SOURCE/rootfs<br />
sudo chown -R root.root .<br />
sudo chmod -R a+rwX data system<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
===JFFS2 Root file system===<br />
Actually, Android should use a file system how support mmap function like yaffs2, ext2 or ubifs. Unfortunaly, U-Boot support only jffs2 or ext2. So we will use ext2 on a µSD for data.<br />
====Prepare the MMC/µSD card====<br />
We will create two partitions on our mmc/µSD card, The first one will use for Android memory card, the second one will use for Android file system.<br />
First connect your card reader to your workstation, with the mmc/µSD card inside. Type the '''dmesg''' command to see which device is used by your workstation. Let’s assume that this device is '''/dev/sdb'''<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ dmesg<br />
...<br />
[ 9145.613954] sdb: sdb1 sdb2<br />
[ 9145.615125] sd 10:0:0:0: [sdc] Attached SCSI removable disk<br />
[ 9145.615258] sd 10:0:0:0: Attached scsi generic sg3 type 0<br />
</pre><br />
Type the mount command to check your currently mounted partitions. If MMC/SD partitions are mounted, unmount them.<br><br />
In a terminal edit partitions with fdisk:<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
sudo fdisk /dev/sdb<br />
</pre><br />
Delete any existing partition with the d command.<br><br />
Now, create the boot partition:<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
Command (m for help): n<br />
Command action<br />
e extended<br />
p primary partition (1-4)<br />
p<br />
Partition number (1-4): 1<br />
First cylinder (1-495, default 1): 1<br />
Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (1-239, default 239): +1G<br />
</pre><br />
Change its type to FAT32:<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
Command (m for help): t<br />
Selected partition 1<br />
Hex code (type L to list codes): c<br />
Changed system type of partition 1 to c (W95 FAT32 (LBA))<br />
</pre><br />
Using the n command again, create a second partition filling up the rest of your card (just accept default values).<br><br />
Now, format the partitions in your card:<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
sudo mkfs.vfat -n MemoryCard -F 32 /dev/sdb1<br />
sudo mkfs.ext2 -L data /dev/sdb2<br />
</pre><br />
====Boot setup====<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ sudo mkfs.jffs2 -n -e 0x20000 --pad=0x700000 -r $ANDROID_SOURCE/rootfs -o $TFTPBOOT/apf27-rootfs.arm.jffs2<br />
</pre><br />
The last thing left to do is to specify how the board boots Linux.<br><br />
In the U-boot prompt, make the mmc boot is on second partition of the mmc/µSD card<br />
<pre class="apf"> <br />
setenv addjffsargs 'setenv bootargs ${bootargs} root=/dev/mtdblock4 rootfstype=jffs2 init=/init'<br />
setenv bootcmd run mmcboot<br />
saveenv<br />
run update_kernel<br />
run update_rootfs<br />
</pre><br />
[[Image:Apf27_android.JPG]]<br />
<br />
==Debug==<br />
===Prerequisite===<br />
Installing the [http://developer.android.com/sdk/1.6_r1/installing.html Android Development Tools (ADT)]<br />
Trace with '''logcat''' with Eclipse-ADT<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
export ADBHOST=w.x.y.z<br />
adb kill-server<br />
adb start-server<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
===Test with Android emulator===<br />
Documentation on Android [http://developer.android.com/guide/developing/tools/emulator.html emulator]<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
cd $ANDROID_SOURCE/kernel<br />
make ARCH=arm goldfish_defconfig<br />
make ARCH=arm CROSS_COMPILE=$ANDROID_SOURCE/prebuilt/linux-x86/toolchain/arm-eabi-4.2.1/bin/arm-eabi<br />
</pre><br />
Create AVD (Android Virtual Device)<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ANDROID_SDK/tools/android create avd -n APF27-H -t 4 -s 272x480<br />
$ANDROID_SDK/tools/android create avd -n APF27-L -t 4 -s 480x272<br />
$ANDROID_SOURCE/out/host/linux-x86/bin/emulator -avd APF27-H -sysdir $ANDROID_SOURCE/out/target/product/generic/ -kernel $ANDROID_SOURCE/kernel/arch/arm/boot/zImage -data $ANDROID_SOURCE/out/target/product/generic/userdata.img -ramdisk $ANDROID_SOURCE/out/target/product/generic/ramdisk.img -system $ANDROID_SOURCE/out/target/product/generic/system.img<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
==Links==<br />
* [http://elinux.org/Android Android page on elinux.org]<br />
** [http://elinux.org/Android_on_OMAP Android on OMAP portage page on elinux.org]<br />
* [http://wiki.openmoko.org/wiki/Android Android on OpenMoko]<br />
* http://wiki.kldp.org/wiki.php/AndroidPortingOnRealTarget<br />
<br />
==Thanks==<br />
Thanks to Xavier Romanens and Fabrice Carrel form Ecole d'ingénieurs et d'architectes de Fribourg for their contributions.</div>NicolasDhttp://armadeus.org/wiki/index.php?title=Android&diff=7441Android2009-10-07T09:03:21Z<p>NicolasD: /* Touchscreen */</p>
<hr />
<div>[[Image:Android-logo.png]]<br />
<br />
This page will sumarize the efforts made to have Android running on the APF boards.<br />
<br />
{{Note| Due to Android requirements (at least an ARM926 core), it is impossible to have it running on the APF9328}}<br />
<br />
==Some readings before starting==<br />
* http://developer.android.com/guide/basics/what-is-android.html<br />
<br />
==Prerequisites for Android installation==<br />
===Install needed software packages===<br />
* Install these package for build the kernel image and for format the mmc/µSD card<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ sudo apt-get install uboot-mkimage mtd-utils<br />
</pre><br />
* The Armadeus [[Toolchain]], only for Armadeus patches<br />
<br />
===Update the environment variables===<br />
Theses environment variables install the Android and Armadeus folder in our home directory, but of course, it can be placed anywhere!<br />
<pre class="config"><br />
export ANDROID_SOURCE=~/apf27droid<br />
export ANDROID_SDK=~/android-sdk-linux_x86-1.5_r3<br />
export ARMADEUS=~/armadeus-3.1<br />
export PATH=${PATH}:${ANDROID_SDK}/tools:${ANDROID_SOURCE}/bin<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
===Download Android source===<br />
List of different Android branch: [http://android.git.kernel.org/?p=platform/manifest.git;a=heads heads]<br />
The [http://source.android.com/download getting Android source] document describes how to set up our local work environment. <br />
Follow theses instructions until '''Installing Repo''' chapter.<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ mkdir $ANDROID_SOURCE<br />
$ cd $ANDROID_SOURCE<br />
$ mkdir bin<br />
$ curl http://android.git.kernel.org/repo >$ANDROID_SOURCE/bin/repo<br />
$ chmod a+x $ANDROID_SOURCE/bin/repo<br />
$ repo init -u git://android.git.kernel.org/platform/manifest.git -b android-sdk-1.5_r3<br />
$ repo sync<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
Since android-sdk-1.5_r3 branch, the Linux kernel isn't with the Android source, <br />
We can download it in a compress archive (tar.gz) file with this [http://android.git.kernel.org/?p=kernel/common.git;a=snapshot;h=refs/heads/android-2.6.29;sf=tgz android-kernel-2.6.29] (about (70Mib) or with git repository (more 300Mib)<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ mkdir $ANDROID_SOURCE/kernel<br />
$ cd $ANDROID_SOURCE/kernel<br />
$ git clone git://android.git.kernel.org/kernel/common.git android-2.6.29<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
==Linux Kernel 2.6.29==<br />
===Apply the Armadeus patchset===<br />
Before compiling the kernel, we patch the source with the Armadeus patches. In second time, I will give the URL to retrieve Linux 2.6.29.4 patch.<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ $ARMADEUS/buildroot/toolchain/patch-kernel.sh $ANDROID_SOURCE/kernel $ARMADEUS/downloads patch-2.6.29.4.bz2<br />
$ $ARMADEUS/buildroot/toolchain/patch-kernel.sh $ANDROID_SOURCE/kernel $ARMADEUS/buildroot/target/device/armadeus/linux/kernel-patches/2.6.29.4 \*.patch{,.gz,.bz2}<br />
$ mkdir $ANDROID_SOURCE/kernel/drivers/armadeus<br />
$ cp -r $ARMADEUS/target/linux/modules/* $ANDROID_SOURCE/kernel/drivers/armadeus<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
===Android kernel configuration===<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ cp $ARMADEUS/buildroot/target/device/armadeus/apf27/apf27-linux-2.6.29.config $ANDROID_SOURCE/kernel/arch/arm/configs/apf27_android_defconfig<br />
$ cd $ANDROID_SOURCE/kernel<br />
$ make ARCH=arm mrproper<br />
$ make ARCH=arm apf27_android_defconfig<br />
$ make ARCH=arm menuconfig<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
Make sure your kernel boots normally on your board. Then enable some Android specific configuration and make sure that your kernel still boots (with your standard file system).<br />
*Android pmem allocator<br />
<pre class="config"><br />
Device Drivers ---><br />
[*] Misc devices ---><br />
[*] Android pmem allocator<br />
</pre><br />
* Android drivers<br />
<pre class="config"><br />
Device Drivers ---><br />
[*] Staging drivers ---> <br />
[ ] Exclude Staging drivers from being built (NEW)<br />
...<br />
Android ---><br />
[*] Android Drivers<br />
[*] Android Binder IPC Driver<br />
<*> Android log driver <br />
[ ] Android RAM buffer console<br />
[*] Timed output class driver (NEW)<br />
< > Android timed gpio driver (NEW)<br />
[*] Android Low Memory Killer <br />
</pre><br />
* Anonymous Shared Memory Subsystem<br />
<pre class="config"><br />
General setup ---><br />
[*] Enable the Anonymous Shared Memory Subsystem<br />
</pre><br />
===UBIFS kernel configuration===<br />
<pre class="config"><br />
Device Drivers ---><br />
<*> Memory Technology Device (MTD) support ---><br />
UBI - Unsorted block images ---> <br />
<*> Enable UBI<br />
(4096) UBI wear-leveling threshold <br />
(1) Percentage of reserved eraseblocks for bad eraseblocks handling<br />
[ ] Emulate MTD devices<br />
*** UBI debugging options ***<br />
[ ] UBI debugging <br />
...<br />
File systems ---><br />
[*] Miscellaneous filesystems ---><br />
<*> UBIFS file system support<br />
[ ] Extended attributes support <br />
[ ] Advanced compression options<br />
[ ] Enable debugging<br />
</pre><br />
===Touchscreen kernel configuration===<br />
<pre class="config"><br />
Power management options ---><br />
[*] Wake lock<br />
[*] Wake lock stats (NEW)<br />
[*] Userspace wake locks (NEW)<br />
[*] Early suspend (NEW) <br />
User-space screen access (Console switch on early-suspend) ---><br />
(X) Sysfs interface <br />
...<br />
Device Drivers ---><br />
Input device support ---><br />
[*] Touchscreens ---><br />
<*> TSC 2102 based touchscreens<br />
...<br />
<*> Hardware Monitoring support ---><br />
</pre><br />
<br />
===Build Android kernel===<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ make ARCH=arm CROSS_COMPILE=$ANDROID_SOURCE/prebuilt/linux-x86/toolchain/arm-eabi-4.2.1/bin/arm-eabi- uImage<br />
$ cp $ANDROID_SOURCE/kernel/arch/arm/boot/uImage $TFTPBOOT/apf27-linux.bin<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
==Android==<br />
===Battery patch===<br />
At the beginning, reboot happened over again even though Android logo appeared on board.<br />
Result of investigation, we found that battery power was returned with 0 when boot.. Then, we changed to notify full battery to Android by ignoring the information under '''/sys/class/power_supply''' so that to prevent the power down by low battery '''$ANDROID_SOURCE/frameworks/base/services/jni/com_android_server_BatteryService.cpp'''<br />
*Change the battery service status as TRUE<br />
<source lang="c"><br />
static void setBooleanField(JNIEnv* env, jobject obj, const char* path, jfieldID fieldID)<br />
{<br />
const int SIZE = 16;<br />
char buf[SIZE];<br />
<br />
jboolean value = true; /* change false -> true */<br />
/*!!!comment out!!!<br />
if (readFromFile(path, buf, SIZE) > 0) {<br />
if (buf[0] == '1') {<br />
value = true;<br />
}<br />
}<br />
*/<br />
env->SetBooleanField(obj, fieldID, value);<br />
}<br />
</source><br />
*Change the volume, voltage and temperature of battery. Return 100%.<br />
<source lang="c"><br />
static void setIntField(JNIEnv* env, jobject obj, const char* path, jfieldID fieldID)<br />
{<br />
const int SIZE = 128;<br />
char buf[SIZE];<br />
<br />
jint value = 100; /* change 0 -> 100 */<br />
/*!!!comment out!!!<br />
if (readFromFile(path, buf, SIZE) > 0) {<br />
value = atoi(buf);<br />
}<br />
*/<br />
env->SetIntField(obj, fieldID, value);<br />
}<br />
</source><br />
*Change the battery charged status as full and deterioration status as fair.<br />
<source lang="c"><br />
static void android_server_BatteryService_update(JNIEnv* env, jobject obj)<br />
{<br />
setBooleanField(env, obj, AC_ONLINE_PATH, gFieldIds.mAcOnline);<br />
setBooleanField(env, obj, USB_ONLINE_PATH, gFieldIds.mUsbOnline);<br />
setBooleanField(env, obj, BATTERY_PRESENT_PATH, gFieldIds.mBatteryPresent);<br />
<br />
setIntField(env, obj, BATTERY_CAPACITY_PATH, gFieldIds.mBatteryLevel);<br />
setIntField(env, obj, BATTERY_VOLTAGE_PATH, gFieldIds.mBatteryVoltage);<br />
setIntField(env, obj, BATTERY_TEMPERATURE_PATH, gFieldIds.mBatteryTemperature);<br />
<br />
/* Change */<br />
env->SetIntField(obj, gFieldIds.mBatteryStatus, gConstants.statusFull);<br />
env->SetIntField(obj, gFieldIds.mBatteryHealth, gConstants.healthGood);<br />
env->SetObjectField(obj, gFieldIds.mBatteryTechnology, env->NewStringUTF("1"));<br />
<br />
/*!!!comment out!!!<br />
const int SIZE = 128;<br />
char buf[SIZE];<br />
<br />
if (readFromFile(BATTERY_STATUS_PATH, buf, SIZE) > 0)<br />
env->SetIntField(obj, gFieldIds.mBatteryStatus, getBatteryStatus(buf));<br />
<br />
if (readFromFile(BATTERY_HEALTH_PATH, buf, SIZE) > 0)<br />
env->SetIntField(obj, gFieldIds.mBatteryHealth, getBatteryHealth(buf));<br />
<br />
if (readFromFile(BATTERY_TECHNOLOGY_PATH, buf, SIZE) > 0)<br />
env->SetObjectField(obj, gFieldIds.mBatteryTechnology, env->NewStringUTF(buf));<br />
*/<br />
}<br />
</source><br />
<br />
===Audio===<br />
{{Note| Still compilation error}}<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
cd $ANDROID_SOURCE/external <br />
git clone git://android.git.kernel.org/platform/external/alsa‐lib.git<br />
git clone git://android.git.kernel.org/platform/external/alsa‐utils.git<br />
cd $ANDROID_SOURCE/hardware <br />
git clone git://android.git.kernel.org/platform/hardware/alsa_sound.git <br />
</pre><br />
edit $ANDROID_SOURCE/build/target/board/generic/BoardConfig.mk <br />
<pre class="config"> <br />
# HAVE_HTC_AUDIO_DRIVER := true<br />
# BOARD_USES_GENERIC_AUDIO := true<br />
BOARD_USES_ALSA_AUDIO := true<br />
BUILD_WITH_ALSA_UTILS := true<br />
</pre><br />
edit $ANDROID_SOURCE/hardware/alsa_sound/AudioHardwareALSA.cpp and change bufferSize to 8192 in twice StreamDefaults structures <br><br />
edit $ANDROID_SOURCE/system/core/init/device.c<br />
<source lang="c"><br />
static struct perms_ devperms[] = {<br />
{ "/dev/null", 0666, AID_ROOT, AID_ROOT, 0 },<br />
...<br />
{ "/dev/qmi1", 0640, AID_RADIO, AID_RADIO, 0 },<br />
{ "/dev/qmi2", 0640, AID_RADIO, AID_RADIO, 0 },<br />
// Add this line<br />
{ "/dev/snd/", 0664, AID_SYSTEM, AID_AUDIO, 1 },<br />
{ NULL, 0, 0, 0, 0 },<br />
};<br />
</source><br />
<source lang="c"><br />
static void handle_device_event(struct uevent *uevent)<br />
{<br />
char devpath[96];<br />
char *base, *name;<br />
int block;<br />
...<br />
} else if(!strncmp(uevent->subsystem, "mtd", 3)) {<br />
base = "/dev/mtd/";<br />
mkdir(base, 0755);<br />
// add this conditionnal block<br />
} else if(!strncmp(uevent->subsystem, "sound", 5)) {<br />
base = "/dev/snd/";<br />
mkdir(base, 0755);<br />
} else if(!strncmp(uevent->subsystem, "misc", 4) &&<br />
!strncmp(name, "log_", 4)) {<br />
base = "/dev/log/";<br />
mkdir(base, 0755);<br />
name += 4;<br />
} else<br />
base = "/dev/";<br />
}<br />
<br />
</source><br />
Audio files<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ mkdir $ANDROID_SOURCE/system/core/rootdir/media <br />
$ mkdir $ANDROID_SOURCE/system/core/rootdir/media/audio <br />
$ mkdir $ANDROID_SOURCE/system/core/rootdir/media/audio/ui<br />
$ mkdir $ANDROID_SOURCE/system/core/rootdir/media/audio/alarms <br />
$ mkdir $ANDROID_SOURCE/system/core/rootdir/media/audio/notifications <br />
$ mkdir $ANDROID_SOURCE/system/core/rootdir/media/audio/ringtones <br />
$ cp $ANDROID_SOURCE/frameworks/base/data/sounds/effects/* $ANDROID_SOURCE/system/core/rootdir/media/audio/ui/ <br />
$ cp $ANDROID_SOURCE/frameworks/base/data/sounds/Alarm_* $ANDROID_SOURCE/system/core/rootdir/media/audio/alarms/<br />
$ cp $ANDROID_SOURCE/frameworks/base/data/sounds/notifications/* $ANDROID_SOURCE/system/core/rootdir/media/audio/notifications/<br />
$ cp $ANDROID_SOURCE/frameworks/base/data/sounds/Ring_* $ANDROID_SOURCE/system/core/rootdir/media/audio/ringtones/<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
===Touchscreen===<br />
edit $ANDROID_SOURCE/kernel/drivers/input/touchscreen/ts2102_ts.c<br />
New definition:<br />
<source lang="c"><br />
#define DRIVER_NAME "TSC210x Touchscreen"<br />
#define X_AXIS_MAX 4000<br />
#define X_AXIS_MIN 0<br />
#define Y_AXIS_MAX 4200<br />
#define Y_AXIS_MIN 100<br />
#define PRESSURE_MIN 20<br />
#define PRESSURE_MAX 40000<br />
#define FACTOR 5000<br />
</source><br />
<source lang="c"><br />
static void tsc210x_touch(int touching)<br />
{<br />
if (!touching) {<br />
//input_report_abs(dev, ABS_X, 0);<br />
//input_report_abs(dev, ABS_Y, 0);<br />
input_report_key(dev, BTN_TOUCH, 0);<br />
input_report_abs(dev, ABS_PRESSURE, 0);<br />
input_sync(dev);<br />
}<br />
<br />
//input_report_key(dev, BTN_TOUCH, touching);<br />
//do_poke_blanked_console = 1;<br />
}<br />
</source><br />
<source lang="c"><br />
static void tsc210x_coords(int x, int y, int z1, int z2)<br />
{<br />
int p;<br />
<br />
/* Calculate the touch resistance a la equation #1 */<br />
if (z1 != 0)<br />
p = x * (z2 - z1) / (z1 << 4) * FACTOR;<br />
else<br />
p = 1;<br />
<br />
y = Y_AXIS_MAX - y;<br />
input_report_key(dev, BTN_TOUCH, 1);<br />
input_report_abs(dev, ABS_X, x);<br />
input_report_abs(dev, ABS_Y, y);<br />
input_report_abs(dev, ABS_PRESSURE, p);<br />
input_sync(dev);<br />
}<br />
</source><br />
<source lang="c"><br />
static int tsc210x_ts_probe(struct platform_device *pdev)<br />
{<br />
int status;<br />
<br />
dev = input_allocate_device();<br />
if (!dev)<br />
return -ENOMEM;<br />
<br />
status = tsc210x_touch_cb(tsc210x_touch);<br />
if (status)<br />
{<br />
goto error;<br />
}<br />
<br />
status = tsc210x_coords_cb(tsc210x_coords);<br />
if (status)<br />
{<br />
goto error;<br />
}<br />
<br />
dev->name = DRIVER_NAME;<br />
dev->dev.parent = &pdev->dev;<br />
dev->evbit[0] = BIT_MASK(EV_KEY) | BIT_MASK(EV_ABS);<br />
dev->keybit[BIT_WORD(BTN_TOUCH)] |= BIT_MASK(BTN_TOUCH);<br />
dev->absbit[0] = BIT_MASK(ABS_X) | BIT_MASK(ABS_Y) | BIT_MASK(ABS_PRESSURE);<br />
input_set_abs_params(dev, ABS_X, X_AXIS_MIN, X_AXIS_MAX, 0, 0);<br />
input_set_abs_params(dev, ABS_Y, Y_AXIS_MIN, Y_AXIS_MAX, 0, 0);<br />
input_set_abs_params(dev, ABS_PRESSURE, PRESSURE_MIN, PRESSURE_MAX, 0, 0);<br />
status = input_register_device(dev);<br />
if (status)<br />
{<br />
printk(KERN_INFO "Unable to register TSC210x as input device !\n");<br />
goto error;<br />
}<br />
<br />
printk(DRIVER_NAME " driver initialized\n");<br />
return 0;<br />
<br />
error:<br />
input_free_device(dev);<br />
return status;<br />
}<br />
</source><br />
<br />
===Android start up===<br />
====init.rc====<br />
Open $ANDROID_SOURCE/system/core/rootdir, comment the 'mount roofs' in read only mode and 'mount yaffs2' lines like this:<br />
<pre class="config"><br />
# setup the global environment<br />
export PATH /sbin:/system/sbin:/system/bin:/system/xbin<br />
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH /system/lib<br />
export ANDROID_BOOTLOGO 1<br />
export ANDROID_ROOT /system<br />
export ANDROID_ASSETS /system/app<br />
export ANDROID_DATA /data<br />
export EXTERNAL_STORAGE /sdcard<br />
export BOOTCLASSPATH /system/framework/core.jar:/system/framework/ext.jar:/system/framework/framework.jar:/system/framework/android.policy.jar:/system/framework/services.jar<br />
<br />
mount rootfs rootfs / rw remount<br />
<br />
# Backward compatibility<br />
symlink /system/etc /etc<br />
<br />
# create mountpoints and mount tmpfs on sqlite_stmt_journals<br />
mkdir /sdcard 0000 system system<br />
mkdir /system<br />
mkdir /data 0771 system system<br />
mkdir /cache 0770 system cache<br />
mkdir /sqlite_stmt_journals 01777 root root<br />
mount tmpfs tmpfs /sqlite_stmt_journals size=4m<br />
<br />
mount rootfs rootfs / ro remount<br />
<br />
write /proc/sys/kernel/panic_on_oops 1<br />
write /proc/sys/kernel/hung_task_timeout_secs 0<br />
write /proc/cpu/alignment 4<br />
write /proc/sys/kernel/sched_latency_ns 10000000<br />
write /proc/sys/kernel/sched_wakeup_granularity_ns 2000000<br />
<br />
# mount mtd partitions<br />
# Mount /system rw first to give the filesystem a chance to save a checkpoint<br />
# mount yaffs2 mtd@system /system <br />
# mount yaffs2 mtd@system /system ro remount<br />
<br />
setprop EXTERNAL_STORAGE_STATE mounted<br />
mount vfat /dev/block/mmcblk0p1 /sdcard nosuid nodev<br />
<br />
# We chown/chmod /data again so because mount is run as root + defaults<br />
mount ext2 /dev/block/mmcblk0p2 /data nosuid nodev<br />
chown system system /data<br />
chmod 0771 /data<br />
<br />
# Same reason as /data above<br />
# mount yaffs2 mtd@cache /cache nosuid nodev<br />
chown system cache /cache<br />
chmod 0770 /cache<br />
<br />
# This may have been created by the recovery system with odd permissions<br />
chown system system /cache/recovery<br />
chmod 0770 /cache/recovery<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
===Compile===<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ cd $ANDROID_SOURCE<br />
$ make<br />
</pre><br />
==Making RootFS==<br />
===Android Root File system===<br />
Android emulator has 3 basic images on tools/lib/images directory.<br />
* '''ramdisk.img''' is gziped cpio archive. ramdisk.img is a small partition image that is mounted read-only by the kernel at boot time. It only contains /init and a few config files. It is used to start init which will mount the rest of the system images properly and run the init procedure. A Ramdisk is a standard Linux feature. It is made just for the Android and do special things to start up the Android system.<br />
* '''system.img''' is a partition image that will be mounted as / and thus contains all system binaries.<br />
* '''userdata.img''' is a partition image that can be mounted as /data and thus contains all application-specific and user-specific data.<br />
<br />
===Create the Android root filesystem for apf27===<br />
Android’s root file system is generated in $ANDROID_SOURCE/out/target/product/generic. We will create a folder containing all Android files images. <br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ sudo rm -rf $ANDROID_SOURCE/rootfs/<br />
$ cd $ANDROID_SOURCE/out/target/product/generic<br />
$ mkdir $ANDROID_SOURCE/rootfs<br />
$ cp -a root/* $ANDROID_SOURCE/rootfs/<br />
$ cp -a system/* $ANDROID_SOURCE/rootfs/system/<br />
$ cd $ANDROID_SOURCE/rootfs<br />
$ sudo chown -R root.root .<br />
$ sudo chmod -R a+rwX data system<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
===JFFS2 Root file system===<br />
Actually, Android should use a file system how support mmap function like yaffs2, ext2 or ubifs. Unfortunaly, U-Boot support only jffs2 or ext2. So we will use ext2 on a µSD for data.<br />
====Prepare the MMC/µSD card====<br />
We will create two partitions on our mmc/µSD card, The first one will use for Android memory card, the second one will use for Android file system.<br />
First connect your card reader to your workstation, with the mmc/µSD card inside. Type the '''dmesg''' command to see which device is used by your workstation. Let’s assume that this device is '''/dev/sdb'''<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ dmesg<br />
...<br />
[ 9145.613954] sdb: sdb1 sdb2<br />
[ 9145.615125] sd 10:0:0:0: [sdc] Attached SCSI removable disk<br />
[ 9145.615258] sd 10:0:0:0: Attached scsi generic sg3 type 0<br />
</pre><br />
Type the mount command to check your currently mounted partitions. If MMC/SD partitions are mounted, unmount them.<br><br />
In a terminal edit partitions with fdisk:<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
sudo fdisk /dev/sdb<br />
</pre><br />
Delete any existing partition with the d command.<br><br />
Now, create the boot partition:<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
Command (m for help): n<br />
Command action<br />
e extended<br />
p primary partition (1-4)<br />
p<br />
Partition number (1-4): 1<br />
First cylinder (1-495, default 1): 1<br />
Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (1-239, default 239): +1G<br />
</pre><br />
Change its type to FAT32:<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
Command (m for help): t<br />
Selected partition 1<br />
Hex code (type L to list codes): c<br />
Changed system type of partition 1 to c (W95 FAT32 (LBA))<br />
</pre><br />
Using the n command again, create a second partition filling up the rest of your card (just accept default values).<br><br />
Now, format the partitions in your card:<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
sudo mkfs.vfat -n MemoryCard -F 32 /dev/sdb1<br />
sudo mkfs.ext2 -L data /dev/sdb2<br />
</pre><br />
====Boot setup====<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ sudo mkfs.jffs2 -n -e 0x20000 --pad=0x700000 -r $ANDROID_SOURCE/rootfs -o $TFTPBOOT/apf27-rootfs.arm.jffs2<br />
</pre><br />
The last thing left to do is to specify how the board boots Linux.<br><br />
In the U-boot prompt, make the mmc boot is on second partition of the mmc/µSD card<br />
<pre class="apf"> <br />
# setenv addjffsargs 'setenv bootargs ${bootargs} root=/dev/mtdblock4 rootfstype=jffs2 init=/init'<br />
# setenv bootcmd run mmcboot<br />
# saveenv<br />
# run update_kernel<br />
# run update_rootfs<br />
</pre><br />
===Root file system on APF27 NAND memory===<br />
{{Note| wait the UBIFS integration in the u-boot loader}}<br />
====Boot setup====<br />
The last thing left to do is to specify how the board boots Linux. In the U-boot prompt, make the UBIFS boot.<br />
<pre class="apf"> <br />
# setenv addubifsargs 'setenv bootargs ${bootargs} root=/dev/mtdblock4 rootfstype=ubifs init=\init'<br />
# setenv ubifsboot 'setenv bootargs ${console} ${mtdparts};run addubifsargs addipargs; setenv autostart yes;nboot.ubifs A0000000 0 ${kernel_offset}'<br />
# setenv bootcmd run ubifsboot<br />
# saveenv<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
[[Image:Apf27_android.JPG]]<br />
<br />
==Debug==<br />
===Prerequisite===<br />
Installing the [http://developer.android.com/sdk/1.6_r1/installing.html Android Development Tools (ADT)]<br />
Trace with '''logcat''' with Eclipse-ADT<br />
<pre class="host"> <br />
$ adb kill-server<br />
$ adb start-server<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
===Test with Android emulator===<br />
Documentation on Android [http://developer.android.com/guide/developing/tools/emulator.html emulator]<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ cd $ANDROID_SOURCE/kernel<br />
$ make ARCH=arm goldfish_defconfig<br />
$ make ARCH=arm CROSS_COMPILE=$ANDROID_SOURCE/prebuilt/linux-x86/toolchain/arm-eabi-4.2.1/bin/arm-eabi<br />
# Create AVD (Android Virtual Device)<br />
$ $ANDROID_SDK/tools/android create avd -n APF27-H -t 2 -s 272x480<br />
$ $ANDROID_SDK/tools/android create avd -n APF27-L -t 2 -s 480x272<br />
$ $ANDROID_SOURCE/out/host/linux-x86/bin/emulator -avd APF27-H -sysdir $ANDROID_SOURCE/out/target/product/generic/ -kernel $ANDROID_SOURCE/kernel/arch/arm/boot/zImage -data $ANDROID_SOURCE/out/target/product/generic/userdata.img -ramdisk $ANDROID_SOURCE/out/target/product/generic/ramdisk.img -system $ANDROID_SOURCE/out/target/product/generic/system.img<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
==Links==<br />
* [http://elinux.org/Android Android page on elinux.org]<br />
** [http://elinux.org/Android_on_OMAP Android on OMAP portage page on elinux.org]<br />
* [http://wiki.openmoko.org/wiki/Android Android on OpenMoko]<br />
* http://wiki.kldp.org/wiki.php/AndroidPortingOnRealTarget<br />
<br />
==Thanks==<br />
Thanks to Xavier Romanens and Fabrice Carrel form Ecole d'ingénieurs et d'architectes de Fribourg for their contributions.</div>NicolasDhttp://armadeus.org/wiki/index.php?title=Android&diff=7437Android2009-10-06T08:36:42Z<p>NicolasD: /* Download Android source */</p>
<hr />
<div>[[Image:Android-logo.png]]<br />
<br />
This page will sumarize the efforts made to have Android running on the APF boards.<br />
<br />
{{Note| Due to Android requirements (at least an ARM926 core), it is impossible to have it running on the APF9328}}<br />
<br />
==Some readings before starting==<br />
* http://developer.android.com/guide/basics/what-is-android.html<br />
<br />
==Prerequisites for Android installation==<br />
===Install needed software packages===<br />
* Install these package for build the kernel image and for format the mmc/µSD card<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ sudo apt-get install uboot-mkimage mtd-utils<br />
</pre><br />
* The Armadeus [[Toolchain]], only for Armadeus patches<br />
<br />
===Update the environment variables===<br />
Theses environment variables install the Android and Armadeus folder in our home directory, but of course, it can be placed anywhere!<br />
<pre class="config"><br />
export ANDROID_SOURCE=~/apf27droid<br />
export ANDROID_SDK=~/android-sdk-linux_x86-1.5_r3<br />
export ARMADEUS=~/armadeus-3.1<br />
export PATH=${PATH}:${ANDROID_SDK}/tools:${ANDROID_SOURCE}/bin<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
===Download Android source===<br />
List of different Android branch: [http://android.git.kernel.org/?p=platform/manifest.git;a=heads heads]<br />
The [http://source.android.com/download getting Android source] document describes how to set up our local work environment. <br />
Follow theses instructions until '''Installing Repo''' chapter.<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ mkdir $ANDROID_SOURCE<br />
$ cd $ANDROID_SOURCE<br />
$ mkdir bin<br />
$ curl http://android.git.kernel.org/repo >$ANDROID_SOURCE/bin/repo<br />
$ chmod a+x $ANDROID_SOURCE/bin/repo<br />
$ repo init -u git://android.git.kernel.org/platform/manifest.git -b android-sdk-1.5_r3<br />
$ repo sync<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
Since android-sdk-1.5_r3 branch, the Linux kernel isn't with the Android source, <br />
We can download it in a compress archive (tar.gz) file with this [http://android.git.kernel.org/?p=kernel/common.git;a=snapshot;h=refs/heads/android-2.6.29;sf=tgz android-kernel-2.6.29] (about (70Mib) or with git repository (more 300Mib)<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ mkdir $ANDROID_SOURCE/kernel<br />
$ cd $ANDROID_SOURCE/kernel<br />
$ git clone git://android.git.kernel.org/kernel/common.git android-2.6.29<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
==Linux Kernel 2.6.29==<br />
===Apply the Armadeus patchset===<br />
Before compiling the kernel, we patch the source with the Armadeus patches. In second time, I will give the URL to retrieve Linux 2.6.29.4 patch.<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ $ARMADEUS/buildroot/toolchain/patch-kernel.sh $ANDROID_SOURCE/kernel $ARMADEUS/downloads patch-2.6.29.4.bz2<br />
$ $ARMADEUS/buildroot/toolchain/patch-kernel.sh $ANDROID_SOURCE/kernel $ARMADEUS/buildroot/target/device/armadeus/linux/kernel-patches/2.6.29.4 \*.patch{,.gz,.bz2}<br />
$ mkdir $ANDROID_SOURCE/kernel/drivers/armadeus<br />
$ cp -r $ARMADEUS/target/linux/modules/* $ANDROID_SOURCE/kernel/drivers/armadeus<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
===Android kernel configuration===<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ cp $ARMADEUS/buildroot/target/device/armadeus/apf27/apf27-linux-2.6.29.config $ANDROID_SOURCE/kernel/arch/arm/configs/apf27_android_defconfig<br />
$ cd $ANDROID_SOURCE/kernel<br />
$ make ARCH=arm mrproper<br />
$ make ARCH=arm apf27_android_defconfig<br />
$ make ARCH=arm menuconfig<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
Make sure your kernel boots normally on your board. Then enable some Android specific configuration and make sure that your kernel still boots (with your standard file system).<br />
*Android pmem allocator<br />
<pre class="config"><br />
Device Drivers ---><br />
[*] Misc devices ---><br />
[*] Android pmem allocator<br />
</pre><br />
* Android drivers<br />
<pre class="config"><br />
Device Drivers ---><br />
[*] Staging drivers ---> <br />
[ ] Exclude Staging drivers from being built (NEW)<br />
...<br />
Android ---><br />
[*] Android Drivers<br />
[*] Android Binder IPC Driver<br />
<*> Android log driver <br />
[ ] Android RAM buffer console<br />
[*] Timed output class driver (NEW)<br />
< > Android timed gpio driver (NEW)<br />
[*] Android Low Memory Killer <br />
</pre><br />
* Anonymous Shared Memory Subsystem<br />
<pre class="config"><br />
General setup ---><br />
[*] Enable the Anonymous Shared Memory Subsystem<br />
</pre><br />
===UBIFS kernel configuration===<br />
<pre class="config"><br />
Device Drivers ---><br />
<*> Memory Technology Device (MTD) support ---><br />
UBI - Unsorted block images ---> <br />
<*> Enable UBI<br />
(4096) UBI wear-leveling threshold <br />
(1) Percentage of reserved eraseblocks for bad eraseblocks handling<br />
[ ] Emulate MTD devices<br />
*** UBI debugging options ***<br />
[ ] UBI debugging <br />
...<br />
File systems ---><br />
[*] Miscellaneous filesystems ---><br />
<*> UBIFS file system support<br />
[ ] Extended attributes support <br />
[ ] Advanced compression options<br />
[ ] Enable debugging<br />
</pre><br />
===Touchscreen kernel configuration===<br />
<pre class="config"><br />
Power management options ---><br />
[*] Wake lock<br />
[*] Wake lock stats (NEW)<br />
[*] Userspace wake locks (NEW)<br />
[*] Early suspend (NEW) <br />
User-space screen access (Console switch on early-suspend) ---><br />
(X) Sysfs interface <br />
...<br />
Device Drivers ---><br />
Input device support ---><br />
[*] Touchscreens ---><br />
<*> TSC 2102 based touchscreens<br />
...<br />
<*> Hardware Monitoring support ---><br />
</pre><br />
<br />
===Build Android kernel===<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ make ARCH=arm CROSS_COMPILE=$ANDROID_SOURCE/prebuilt/linux-x86/toolchain/arm-eabi-4.2.1/bin/arm-eabi- uImage<br />
$ cp $ANDROID_SOURCE/kernel/arch/arm/boot/uImage $TFTPBOOT/apf27-linux.bin<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
==Android==<br />
===Battery patch===<br />
At the beginning, reboot happened over again even though Android logo appeared on board.<br />
Result of investigation, we found that battery power was returned with 0 when boot.. Then, we changed to notify full battery to Android by ignoring the information under '''/sys/class/power_supply''' so that to prevent the power down by low battery '''$ANDROID_SOURCE/frameworks/base/services/jni/com_android_server_BatteryService.cpp'''<br />
*Change the battery service status as TRUE<br />
<source lang="c"><br />
static void setBooleanField(JNIEnv* env, jobject obj, const char* path, jfieldID fieldID)<br />
{<br />
const int SIZE = 16;<br />
char buf[SIZE];<br />
<br />
jboolean value = true; /* change false -> true */<br />
/*!!!comment out!!!<br />
if (readFromFile(path, buf, SIZE) > 0) {<br />
if (buf[0] == '1') {<br />
value = true;<br />
}<br />
}<br />
*/<br />
env->SetBooleanField(obj, fieldID, value);<br />
}<br />
</source><br />
*Change the volume, voltage and temperature of battery. Return 100%.<br />
<source lang="c"><br />
static void setIntField(JNIEnv* env, jobject obj, const char* path, jfieldID fieldID)<br />
{<br />
const int SIZE = 128;<br />
char buf[SIZE];<br />
<br />
jint value = 100; /* change 0 -> 100 */<br />
/*!!!comment out!!!<br />
if (readFromFile(path, buf, SIZE) > 0) {<br />
value = atoi(buf);<br />
}<br />
*/<br />
env->SetIntField(obj, fieldID, value);<br />
}<br />
</source><br />
*Change the battery charged status as full and deterioration status as fair.<br />
<source lang="c"><br />
static void android_server_BatteryService_update(JNIEnv* env, jobject obj)<br />
{<br />
setBooleanField(env, obj, AC_ONLINE_PATH, gFieldIds.mAcOnline);<br />
setBooleanField(env, obj, USB_ONLINE_PATH, gFieldIds.mUsbOnline);<br />
setBooleanField(env, obj, BATTERY_PRESENT_PATH, gFieldIds.mBatteryPresent);<br />
<br />
setIntField(env, obj, BATTERY_CAPACITY_PATH, gFieldIds.mBatteryLevel);<br />
setIntField(env, obj, BATTERY_VOLTAGE_PATH, gFieldIds.mBatteryVoltage);<br />
setIntField(env, obj, BATTERY_TEMPERATURE_PATH, gFieldIds.mBatteryTemperature);<br />
<br />
/* Change */<br />
env->SetIntField(obj, gFieldIds.mBatteryStatus, gConstants.statusFull);<br />
env->SetIntField(obj, gFieldIds.mBatteryHealth, gConstants.healthGood);<br />
env->SetObjectField(obj, gFieldIds.mBatteryTechnology, env->NewStringUTF("1"));<br />
<br />
/*!!!comment out!!!<br />
const int SIZE = 128;<br />
char buf[SIZE];<br />
<br />
if (readFromFile(BATTERY_STATUS_PATH, buf, SIZE) > 0)<br />
env->SetIntField(obj, gFieldIds.mBatteryStatus, getBatteryStatus(buf));<br />
<br />
if (readFromFile(BATTERY_HEALTH_PATH, buf, SIZE) > 0)<br />
env->SetIntField(obj, gFieldIds.mBatteryHealth, getBatteryHealth(buf));<br />
<br />
if (readFromFile(BATTERY_TECHNOLOGY_PATH, buf, SIZE) > 0)<br />
env->SetObjectField(obj, gFieldIds.mBatteryTechnology, env->NewStringUTF(buf));<br />
*/<br />
}<br />
</source><br />
<br />
===Audio===<br />
{{Note| Still compilation error}}<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
cd $ANDROID_SOURCE/external <br />
git clone git://android.git.kernel.org/platform/external/alsa‐lib.git<br />
git clone git://android.git.kernel.org/platform/external/alsa‐utils.git<br />
cd $ANDROID_SOURCE/hardware <br />
git clone git://android.git.kernel.org/platform/hardware/alsa_sound.git <br />
</pre><br />
edit $ANDROID_SOURCE/build/target/board/generic/BoardConfig.mk <br />
<pre class="config"> <br />
# HAVE_HTC_AUDIO_DRIVER := true<br />
# BOARD_USES_GENERIC_AUDIO := true<br />
BOARD_USES_ALSA_AUDIO := true<br />
BUILD_WITH_ALSA_UTILS := true<br />
</pre><br />
edit $ANDROID_SOURCE/hardware/alsa_sound/AudioHardwareALSA.cpp and change bufferSize to 8192 in twice StreamDefaults structures <br><br />
edit $ANDROID_SOURCE/system/core/init/device.c<br />
<source lang="c"><br />
static struct perms_ devperms[] = {<br />
{ "/dev/null", 0666, AID_ROOT, AID_ROOT, 0 },<br />
...<br />
{ "/dev/qmi1", 0640, AID_RADIO, AID_RADIO, 0 },<br />
{ "/dev/qmi2", 0640, AID_RADIO, AID_RADIO, 0 },<br />
// Add this line<br />
{ "/dev/snd/", 0664, AID_SYSTEM, AID_AUDIO, 1 },<br />
{ NULL, 0, 0, 0, 0 },<br />
};<br />
</source><br />
<source lang="c"><br />
static void handle_device_event(struct uevent *uevent)<br />
{<br />
char devpath[96];<br />
char *base, *name;<br />
int block;<br />
...<br />
} else if(!strncmp(uevent->subsystem, "mtd", 3)) {<br />
base = "/dev/mtd/";<br />
mkdir(base, 0755);<br />
// add this conditionnal block<br />
} else if(!strncmp(uevent->subsystem, "sound", 5)) {<br />
base = "/dev/snd/";<br />
mkdir(base, 0755);<br />
} else if(!strncmp(uevent->subsystem, "misc", 4) &&<br />
!strncmp(name, "log_", 4)) {<br />
base = "/dev/log/";<br />
mkdir(base, 0755);<br />
name += 4;<br />
} else<br />
base = "/dev/";<br />
}<br />
<br />
</source><br />
Audio files<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ mkdir $ANDROID_SOURCE/system/core/rootdir/media <br />
$ mkdir $ANDROID_SOURCE/system/core/rootdir/media/audio <br />
$ mkdir $ANDROID_SOURCE/system/core/rootdir/media/audio/ui<br />
$ mkdir $ANDROID_SOURCE/system/core/rootdir/media/audio/alarms <br />
$ mkdir $ANDROID_SOURCE/system/core/rootdir/media/audio/notifications <br />
$ mkdir $ANDROID_SOURCE/system/core/rootdir/media/audio/ringtones <br />
$ cp $ANDROID_SOURCE/frameworks/base/data/sounds/effects/* $ANDROID_SOURCE/system/core/rootdir/media/audio/ui/ <br />
$ cp $ANDROID_SOURCE/frameworks/base/data/sounds/Alarm_* $ANDROID_SOURCE/system/core/rootdir/media/audio/alarms/<br />
$ cp $ANDROID_SOURCE/frameworks/base/data/sounds/notifications/* $ANDROID_SOURCE/system/core/rootdir/media/audio/notifications/<br />
$ cp $ANDROID_SOURCE/frameworks/base/data/sounds/Ring_* $ANDROID_SOURCE/system/core/rootdir/media/audio/ringtones/<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
===Touchscreen===<br />
New definition:<br />
<source lang="c"><br />
#define DRIVER_NAME "TSC210x Touchscreen"<br />
#define X_AXIS_MAX 4000<br />
#define X_AXIS_MIN 0<br />
#define Y_AXIS_MAX 4200<br />
#define Y_AXIS_MIN 100<br />
#define PRESSURE_MIN 20<br />
#define PRESSURE_MAX 40000<br />
#define FACTOR 5000<br />
</source><br />
<source lang="c"><br />
static void tsc210x_touch(int touching)<br />
{<br />
if (!touching) {<br />
//input_report_abs(dev, ABS_X, 0);<br />
//input_report_abs(dev, ABS_Y, 0);<br />
input_report_key(dev, BTN_TOUCH, 0);<br />
input_report_abs(dev, ABS_PRESSURE, 0);<br />
input_sync(dev);<br />
}<br />
<br />
//input_report_key(dev, BTN_TOUCH, touching);<br />
//do_poke_blanked_console = 1;<br />
}<br />
</source><br />
<source lang="c"><br />
static void tsc210x_coords(int x, int y, int z1, int z2)<br />
{<br />
int p;<br />
<br />
/* Calculate the touch resistance a la equation #1 */<br />
if (z1 != 0)<br />
p = x * (z2 - z1) / (z1 << 4) * FACTOR;<br />
else<br />
p = 1;<br />
<br />
y = Y_AXIS_MAX - y;<br />
input_report_key(dev, BTN_TOUCH, 1);<br />
input_report_abs(dev, ABS_X, x);<br />
input_report_abs(dev, ABS_Y, y);<br />
input_report_abs(dev, ABS_PRESSURE, p);<br />
input_sync(dev);<br />
}<br />
</source><br />
<source lang="c"><br />
static int tsc210x_ts_probe(struct platform_device *pdev)<br />
{<br />
int status;<br />
<br />
dev = input_allocate_device();<br />
if (!dev)<br />
return -ENOMEM;<br />
<br />
status = tsc210x_touch_cb(tsc210x_touch);<br />
if (status)<br />
{<br />
goto error;<br />
}<br />
<br />
status = tsc210x_coords_cb(tsc210x_coords);<br />
if (status)<br />
{<br />
goto error;<br />
}<br />
<br />
dev->name = DRIVER_NAME;<br />
dev->dev.parent = &pdev->dev;<br />
dev->evbit[0] = BIT_MASK(EV_KEY) | BIT_MASK(EV_ABS);<br />
dev->keybit[BIT_WORD(BTN_TOUCH)] |= BIT_MASK(BTN_TOUCH);<br />
dev->absbit[0] = BIT_MASK(ABS_X) | BIT_MASK(ABS_Y) | BIT_MASK(ABS_PRESSURE);<br />
input_set_abs_params(dev, ABS_X, X_AXIS_MIN, X_AXIS_MAX, 0, 0);<br />
input_set_abs_params(dev, ABS_Y, Y_AXIS_MIN, Y_AXIS_MAX, 0, 0);<br />
input_set_abs_params(dev, ABS_PRESSURE, PRESSURE_MIN, PRESSURE_MAX, 0, 0);<br />
status = input_register_device(dev);<br />
if (status)<br />
{<br />
printk(KERN_INFO "Unable to register TSC210x as input device !\n");<br />
goto error;<br />
}<br />
<br />
printk(DRIVER_NAME " driver initialized\n");<br />
return 0;<br />
<br />
error:<br />
input_free_device(dev);<br />
return status;<br />
}<br />
</source><br />
===Android start up===<br />
====init.rc====<br />
Open $ANDROID_SOURCE/system/core/rootdir, comment the 'mount roofs' in read only mode and 'mount yaffs2' lines like this:<br />
<pre class="config"><br />
# setup the global environment<br />
export PATH /sbin:/system/sbin:/system/bin:/system/xbin<br />
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH /system/lib<br />
export ANDROID_BOOTLOGO 1<br />
export ANDROID_ROOT /system<br />
export ANDROID_ASSETS /system/app<br />
export ANDROID_DATA /data<br />
export EXTERNAL_STORAGE /sdcard<br />
export BOOTCLASSPATH /system/framework/core.jar:/system/framework/ext.jar:/system/framework/framework.jar:/system/framework/android.policy.jar:/system/framework/services.jar<br />
<br />
mount rootfs rootfs / rw remount<br />
<br />
# Backward compatibility<br />
symlink /system/etc /etc<br />
<br />
# create mountpoints and mount tmpfs on sqlite_stmt_journals<br />
mkdir /sdcard 0000 system system<br />
mkdir /system<br />
mkdir /data 0771 system system<br />
mkdir /cache 0770 system cache<br />
mkdir /sqlite_stmt_journals 01777 root root<br />
mount tmpfs tmpfs /sqlite_stmt_journals size=4m<br />
<br />
mount rootfs rootfs / ro remount<br />
<br />
write /proc/sys/kernel/panic_on_oops 1<br />
write /proc/sys/kernel/hung_task_timeout_secs 0<br />
write /proc/cpu/alignment 4<br />
write /proc/sys/kernel/sched_latency_ns 10000000<br />
write /proc/sys/kernel/sched_wakeup_granularity_ns 2000000<br />
<br />
# mount mtd partitions<br />
# Mount /system rw first to give the filesystem a chance to save a checkpoint<br />
# mount yaffs2 mtd@system /system <br />
# mount yaffs2 mtd@system /system ro remount<br />
<br />
setprop EXTERNAL_STORAGE_STATE mounted<br />
mount vfat /dev/block/mmcblk0p1 /sdcard nosuid nodev<br />
<br />
# We chown/chmod /data again so because mount is run as root + defaults<br />
mount ext2 /dev/block/mmcblk0p2 /data nosuid nodev<br />
chown system system /data<br />
chmod 0771 /data<br />
<br />
# Same reason as /data above<br />
# mount yaffs2 mtd@cache /cache nosuid nodev<br />
chown system cache /cache<br />
chmod 0770 /cache<br />
<br />
# This may have been created by the recovery system with odd permissions<br />
chown system system /cache/recovery<br />
chmod 0770 /cache/recovery<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
===Compile===<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ cd $ANDROID_SOURCE<br />
$ make<br />
</pre><br />
==Making RootFS==<br />
===Android Root File system===<br />
Android emulator has 3 basic images on tools/lib/images directory.<br />
* '''ramdisk.img''' is gziped cpio archive. ramdisk.img is a small partition image that is mounted read-only by the kernel at boot time. It only contains /init and a few config files. It is used to start init which will mount the rest of the system images properly and run the init procedure. A Ramdisk is a standard Linux feature. It is made just for the Android and do special things to start up the Android system.<br />
* '''system.img''' is a partition image that will be mounted as / and thus contains all system binaries.<br />
* '''userdata.img''' is a partition image that can be mounted as /data and thus contains all application-specific and user-specific data.<br />
<br />
===Create the Android root filesystem for apf27===<br />
Android’s root file system is generated in $ANDROID_SOURCE/out/target/product/generic. We will create a folder containing all Android files images. <br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ sudo rm -rf $ANDROID_SOURCE/rootfs/<br />
$ cd $ANDROID_SOURCE/out/target/product/generic<br />
$ mkdir $ANDROID_SOURCE/rootfs<br />
$ cp -a root/* $ANDROID_SOURCE/rootfs/<br />
$ cp -a system/* $ANDROID_SOURCE/rootfs/system/<br />
$ cd $ANDROID_SOURCE/rootfs<br />
$ sudo chown -R root.root .<br />
$ sudo chmod -R a+rwX data system<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
===JFFS2 Root file system===<br />
Actually, Android should use a file system how support mmap function like yaffs2, ext2 or ubifs. Unfortunaly, U-Boot support only jffs2 or ext2. So we will use ext2 on a µSD for data.<br />
====Prepare the MMC/µSD card====<br />
We will create two partitions on our mmc/µSD card, The first one will use for Android memory card, the second one will use for Android file system.<br />
First connect your card reader to your workstation, with the mmc/µSD card inside. Type the '''dmesg''' command to see which device is used by your workstation. Let’s assume that this device is '''/dev/sdb'''<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ dmesg<br />
...<br />
[ 9145.613954] sdb: sdb1 sdb2<br />
[ 9145.615125] sd 10:0:0:0: [sdc] Attached SCSI removable disk<br />
[ 9145.615258] sd 10:0:0:0: Attached scsi generic sg3 type 0<br />
</pre><br />
Type the mount command to check your currently mounted partitions. If MMC/SD partitions are mounted, unmount them.<br><br />
In a terminal edit partitions with fdisk:<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
sudo fdisk /dev/sdb<br />
</pre><br />
Delete any existing partition with the d command.<br><br />
Now, create the boot partition:<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
Command (m for help): n<br />
Command action<br />
e extended<br />
p primary partition (1-4)<br />
p<br />
Partition number (1-4): 1<br />
First cylinder (1-495, default 1): 1<br />
Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (1-239, default 239): +1G<br />
</pre><br />
Change its type to FAT32:<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
Command (m for help): t<br />
Selected partition 1<br />
Hex code (type L to list codes): c<br />
Changed system type of partition 1 to c (W95 FAT32 (LBA))<br />
</pre><br />
Using the n command again, create a second partition filling up the rest of your card (just accept default values).<br><br />
Now, format the partitions in your card:<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
sudo mkfs.vfat -n MemoryCard -F 32 /dev/sdb1<br />
sudo mkfs.ext2 -L data /dev/sdb2<br />
</pre><br />
====Boot setup====<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ sudo mkfs.jffs2 -n -e 0x20000 --pad=0x700000 -r $ANDROID_SOURCE/rootfs -o $TFTPBOOT/apf27-rootfs.arm.jffs2<br />
</pre><br />
The last thing left to do is to specify how the board boots Linux.<br><br />
In the U-boot prompt, make the mmc boot is on second partition of the mmc/µSD card<br />
<pre class="apf"> <br />
# setenv addjffsargs 'setenv bootargs ${bootargs} root=/dev/mtdblock4 rootfstype=jffs2 init=/init'<br />
# setenv bootcmd run mmcboot<br />
# saveenv<br />
# run update_kernel<br />
# run update_rootfs<br />
</pre><br />
===Root file system on APF27 NAND memory===<br />
{{Note| wait the UBIFS integration in the u-boot loader}}<br />
====Boot setup====<br />
The last thing left to do is to specify how the board boots Linux. In the U-boot prompt, make the UBIFS boot.<br />
<pre class="apf"> <br />
# setenv addubifsargs 'setenv bootargs ${bootargs} root=/dev/mtdblock4 rootfstype=ubifs init=\init'<br />
# setenv ubifsboot 'setenv bootargs ${console} ${mtdparts};run addubifsargs addipargs; setenv autostart yes;nboot.ubifs A0000000 0 ${kernel_offset}'<br />
# setenv bootcmd run ubifsboot<br />
# saveenv<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
[[Image:Apf27_android.JPG]]<br />
<br />
==Debug==<br />
===Prerequisite===<br />
Installing the [http://developer.android.com/sdk/1.6_r1/installing.html Android Development Tools (ADT)]<br />
Trace with '''logcat''' with Eclipse-ADT<br />
<pre class="host"> <br />
$ adb kill-server<br />
$ adb start-server<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
===Test with Android emulator===<br />
Documentation on Android [http://developer.android.com/guide/developing/tools/emulator.html emulator]<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ cd $ANDROID_SOURCE/kernel<br />
$ make ARCH=arm goldfish_defconfig<br />
$ make ARCH=arm CROSS_COMPILE=$ANDROID_SOURCE/prebuilt/linux-x86/toolchain/arm-eabi-4.2.1/bin/arm-eabi<br />
# Create AVD (Android Virtual Device)<br />
$ $ANDROID_SDK/tools/android create avd -n APF27-H -t 2 -s 272x480<br />
$ $ANDROID_SDK/tools/android create avd -n APF27-L -t 2 -s 480x272<br />
$ $ANDROID_SOURCE/out/host/linux-x86/bin/emulator -avd APF27-H -sysdir $ANDROID_SOURCE/out/target/product/generic/ -kernel $ANDROID_SOURCE/kernel/arch/arm/boot/zImage -data $ANDROID_SOURCE/out/target/product/generic/userdata.img -ramdisk $ANDROID_SOURCE/out/target/product/generic/ramdisk.img -system $ANDROID_SOURCE/out/target/product/generic/system.img<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
==Links==<br />
* [http://elinux.org/Android Android page on elinux.org]<br />
** [http://elinux.org/Android_on_OMAP Android on OMAP portage page on elinux.org]<br />
* [http://wiki.openmoko.org/wiki/Android Android on OpenMoko]<br />
* http://wiki.kldp.org/wiki.php/AndroidPortingOnRealTarget<br />
<br />
==Thanks==<br />
Thanks to Xavier Romanens and Fabrice Carrel form Ecole d'ingénieurs et d'architectes de Fribourg for their contributions.</div>NicolasDhttp://armadeus.org/wiki/index.php?title=Android&diff=7392Android2009-09-24T12:21:53Z<p>NicolasD: Android with touchscreen</p>
<hr />
<div>[[Image:Android-logo.png]]<br />
<br />
This page will sumarize the efforts made to have Android running on the APF boards.<br />
<br />
{{Note| Due to Android requirements (at least an ARM926 core), it is impossible to have it running on the APF9328}}<br />
<br />
==Some readings before starting==<br />
* http://developer.android.com/guide/basics/what-is-android.html<br />
<br />
==Prerequisites for Android installation==<br />
===Install needed software packages===<br />
* Install these package for build the kernel image and for format the mmc/µSD card<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ sudo apt-get install uboot-mkimage mtd-utils<br />
</pre><br />
* The Armadeus [[Toolchain]], only for Armadeus patches<br />
<br />
===Update the environment variables===<br />
Theses environment variables install the Android and Armadeus folder in our home directory, but of course, it can be placed anywhere!<br />
<pre class="config"><br />
export ANDROID_SOURCE=~/apf27droid<br />
export ANDROID_SDK=~/android-sdk-linux_x86-1.5_r3<br />
export ARMADEUS=~/armadeus-3.1<br />
export PATH=${PATH}:${ANDROID_SDK}/tools:${ANDROID_SOURCE}/bin<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
===Download Android source===<br />
The [http://source.android.com/download getting Android source] document describes how to set up our local work environment. <br />
Follow theses instructions until '''Installing Repo''' chapter.<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ mkdir $ANDROID_SOURCE<br />
$ cd $ANDROID_SOURCE<br />
$ mkdir bin<br />
$ curl http://android.git.kernel.org/repo >$ANDROID_SOURCE/bin/repo<br />
$ chmod a+x $ANDROID_SOURCE/bin/repo<br />
$ repo init -u git://android.git.kernel.org/platform/manifest.git -b android-sdk-1.5_r3<br />
$ repo sync<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
Since android-sdk-1.5_r3 branch, the Linux kernel isn't with the Android source, <br />
We can download it in a compress archive (tar.gz) file with this [http://android.git.kernel.org/?p=kernel/common.git;a=snapshot;h=refs/heads/android-2.6.29;sf=tgz android-kernel-2.6.29] (about (70Mib) or with git repository (more 300Mib)<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ mkdir $ANDROID_SOURCE/kernel<br />
$ cd $ANDROID_SOURCE/kernel<br />
$ git clone git://android.git.kernel.org/kernel/common.git android-2.6.29<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
==Linux Kernel 2.6.29==<br />
===Apply the Armadeus patchset===<br />
Before compiling the kernel, we patch the source with the Armadeus patches. In second time, I will give the URL to retrieve Linux 2.6.29.4 patch.<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ $ARMADEUS/buildroot/toolchain/patch-kernel.sh $ANDROID_SOURCE/kernel $ARMADEUS/downloads patch-2.6.29.4.bz2<br />
$ $ARMADEUS/buildroot/toolchain/patch-kernel.sh $ANDROID_SOURCE/kernel $ARMADEUS/buildroot/target/device/armadeus/linux/kernel-patches/2.6.29.4 \*.patch{,.gz,.bz2}<br />
$ mkdir $ANDROID_SOURCE/kernel/drivers/armadeus<br />
$ cp -r $ARMADEUS/target/linux/modules/* $ANDROID_SOURCE/kernel/drivers/armadeus<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
===Android kernel configuration===<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ cp $ARMADEUS/buildroot/target/device/armadeus/apf27/apf27-linux-2.6.29.config $ANDROID_SOURCE/kernel/arch/arm/configs/apf27_android_defconfig<br />
$ cd $ANDROID_SOURCE/kernel<br />
$ make ARCH=arm mrproper<br />
$ make ARCH=arm apf27_android_defconfig<br />
$ make ARCH=arm menuconfig<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
Make sure your kernel boots normally on your board. Then enable some Android specific configuration and make sure that your kernel still boots (with your standard file system).<br />
*Android pmem allocator<br />
<pre class="config"><br />
Device Drivers ---><br />
[*] Misc devices ---><br />
[*] Android pmem allocator<br />
</pre><br />
* Android drivers<br />
<pre class="config"><br />
Device Drivers ---><br />
[*] Staging drivers ---> <br />
[ ] Exclude Staging drivers from being built (NEW)<br />
...<br />
Android ---><br />
[*] Android Drivers<br />
[*] Android Binder IPC Driver<br />
<*> Android log driver <br />
[ ] Android RAM buffer console<br />
[*] Timed output class driver (NEW)<br />
< > Android timed gpio driver (NEW)<br />
[*] Android Low Memory Killer <br />
</pre><br />
* Anonymous Shared Memory Subsystem<br />
<pre class="config"><br />
General setup ---><br />
[*] Enable the Anonymous Shared Memory Subsystem<br />
</pre><br />
===UBIFS kernel configuration===<br />
<pre class="config"><br />
Device Drivers ---><br />
<*> Memory Technology Device (MTD) support ---><br />
UBI - Unsorted block images ---> <br />
<*> Enable UBI<br />
(4096) UBI wear-leveling threshold <br />
(1) Percentage of reserved eraseblocks for bad eraseblocks handling<br />
[ ] Emulate MTD devices<br />
*** UBI debugging options ***<br />
[ ] UBI debugging <br />
...<br />
File systems ---><br />
[*] Miscellaneous filesystems ---><br />
<*> UBIFS file system support<br />
[ ] Extended attributes support <br />
[ ] Advanced compression options<br />
[ ] Enable debugging<br />
</pre><br />
===Touchscreen kernel configuration===<br />
<pre class="config"><br />
Power management options ---><br />
[*] Wake lock<br />
[*] Wake lock stats (NEW)<br />
[*] Userspace wake locks (NEW)<br />
[*] Early suspend (NEW) <br />
User-space screen access (Console switch on early-suspend) ---><br />
(X) Sysfs interface <br />
...<br />
Device Drivers ---><br />
Input device support ---><br />
[*] Touchscreens ---><br />
<*> TSC 2102 based touchscreens<br />
...<br />
<*> Hardware Monitoring support ---><br />
</pre><br />
<br />
===Build Android kernel===<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ make ARCH=arm CROSS_COMPILE=$ANDROID_SOURCE/prebuilt/linux-x86/toolchain/arm-eabi-4.2.1/bin/arm-eabi- uImage<br />
$ cp $ANDROID_SOURCE/kernel/arch/arm/boot/uImage $TFTPBOOT/apf27-linux.bin<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
==Android==<br />
===Battery patch===<br />
At the beginning, reboot happened over again even though Android logo appeared on board.<br />
Result of investigation, we found that battery power was returned with 0 when boot.. Then, we changed to notify full battery to Android by ignoring the information under '''/sys/class/power_supply''' so that to prevent the power down by low battery '''$ANDROID_SOURCE/frameworks/base/services/jni/com_android_server_BatteryService.cpp'''<br />
*Change the battery service status as TRUE<br />
<source lang="c"><br />
static void setBooleanField(JNIEnv* env, jobject obj, const char* path, jfieldID fieldID)<br />
{<br />
const int SIZE = 16;<br />
char buf[SIZE];<br />
<br />
jboolean value = true; /* change false -> true */<br />
/*!!!comment out!!!<br />
if (readFromFile(path, buf, SIZE) > 0) {<br />
if (buf[0] == '1') {<br />
value = true;<br />
}<br />
}<br />
*/<br />
env->SetBooleanField(obj, fieldID, value);<br />
}<br />
</source><br />
*Change the volume, voltage and temperature of battery. Return 100%.<br />
<source lang="c"><br />
static void setIntField(JNIEnv* env, jobject obj, const char* path, jfieldID fieldID)<br />
{<br />
const int SIZE = 128;<br />
char buf[SIZE];<br />
<br />
jint value = 100; /* change 0 -> 100 */<br />
/*!!!comment out!!!<br />
if (readFromFile(path, buf, SIZE) > 0) {<br />
value = atoi(buf);<br />
}<br />
*/<br />
env->SetIntField(obj, fieldID, value);<br />
}<br />
</source><br />
*Change the battery charged status as full and deterioration status as fair.<br />
<source lang="c"><br />
static void android_server_BatteryService_update(JNIEnv* env, jobject obj)<br />
{<br />
setBooleanField(env, obj, AC_ONLINE_PATH, gFieldIds.mAcOnline);<br />
setBooleanField(env, obj, USB_ONLINE_PATH, gFieldIds.mUsbOnline);<br />
setBooleanField(env, obj, BATTERY_PRESENT_PATH, gFieldIds.mBatteryPresent);<br />
<br />
setIntField(env, obj, BATTERY_CAPACITY_PATH, gFieldIds.mBatteryLevel);<br />
setIntField(env, obj, BATTERY_VOLTAGE_PATH, gFieldIds.mBatteryVoltage);<br />
setIntField(env, obj, BATTERY_TEMPERATURE_PATH, gFieldIds.mBatteryTemperature);<br />
<br />
/* Change */<br />
env->SetIntField(obj, gFieldIds.mBatteryStatus, gConstants.statusFull);<br />
env->SetIntField(obj, gFieldIds.mBatteryHealth, gConstants.healthGood);<br />
env->SetObjectField(obj, gFieldIds.mBatteryTechnology, env->NewStringUTF("1"));<br />
<br />
/*!!!comment out!!!<br />
const int SIZE = 128;<br />
char buf[SIZE];<br />
<br />
if (readFromFile(BATTERY_STATUS_PATH, buf, SIZE) > 0)<br />
env->SetIntField(obj, gFieldIds.mBatteryStatus, getBatteryStatus(buf));<br />
<br />
if (readFromFile(BATTERY_HEALTH_PATH, buf, SIZE) > 0)<br />
env->SetIntField(obj, gFieldIds.mBatteryHealth, getBatteryHealth(buf));<br />
<br />
if (readFromFile(BATTERY_TECHNOLOGY_PATH, buf, SIZE) > 0)<br />
env->SetObjectField(obj, gFieldIds.mBatteryTechnology, env->NewStringUTF(buf));<br />
*/<br />
}<br />
</source><br />
<br />
===Audio===<br />
{{Note| Still compilation error}}<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
cd $ANDROID_SOURCE/external <br />
git clone git://android.git.kernel.org/platform/external/alsa‐lib.git<br />
git clone git://android.git.kernel.org/platform/external/alsa‐utils.git<br />
cd $ANDROID_SOURCE/hardware <br />
git clone git://android.git.kernel.org/platform/hardware/alsa_sound.git <br />
</pre><br />
edit $ANDROID_SOURCE/build/target/board/generic/BoardConfig.mk <br />
<pre class="config"> <br />
# HAVE_HTC_AUDIO_DRIVER := true<br />
# BOARD_USES_GENERIC_AUDIO := true<br />
BOARD_USES_ALSA_AUDIO := true<br />
BUILD_WITH_ALSA_UTILS := true<br />
</pre><br />
edit $ANDROID_SOURCE/hardware/alsa_sound/AudioHardwareALSA.cpp and change bufferSize to 8192 in twice StreamDefaults structures <br><br />
edit $ANDROID_SOURCE/system/core/init/device.c<br />
<source lang="c"><br />
static struct perms_ devperms[] = {<br />
{ "/dev/null", 0666, AID_ROOT, AID_ROOT, 0 },<br />
...<br />
{ "/dev/qmi1", 0640, AID_RADIO, AID_RADIO, 0 },<br />
{ "/dev/qmi2", 0640, AID_RADIO, AID_RADIO, 0 },<br />
// Add this line<br />
{ "/dev/snd/", 0664, AID_SYSTEM, AID_AUDIO, 1 },<br />
{ NULL, 0, 0, 0, 0 },<br />
};<br />
</source><br />
<source lang="c"><br />
static void handle_device_event(struct uevent *uevent)<br />
{<br />
char devpath[96];<br />
char *base, *name;<br />
int block;<br />
...<br />
} else if(!strncmp(uevent->subsystem, "mtd", 3)) {<br />
base = "/dev/mtd/";<br />
mkdir(base, 0755);<br />
// add this conditionnal block<br />
} else if(!strncmp(uevent->subsystem, "sound", 5)) {<br />
base = "/dev/snd/";<br />
mkdir(base, 0755);<br />
} else if(!strncmp(uevent->subsystem, "misc", 4) &&<br />
!strncmp(name, "log_", 4)) {<br />
base = "/dev/log/";<br />
mkdir(base, 0755);<br />
name += 4;<br />
} else<br />
base = "/dev/";<br />
}<br />
<br />
</source><br />
Audio files<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ mkdir $ANDROID_SOURCE/system/core/rootdir/media <br />
$ mkdir $ANDROID_SOURCE/system/core/rootdir/media/audio <br />
$ mkdir $ANDROID_SOURCE/system/core/rootdir/media/audio/ui<br />
$ mkdir $ANDROID_SOURCE/system/core/rootdir/media/audio/alarms <br />
$ mkdir $ANDROID_SOURCE/system/core/rootdir/media/audio/notifications <br />
$ mkdir $ANDROID_SOURCE/system/core/rootdir/media/audio/ringtones <br />
$ cp $ANDROID_SOURCE/frameworks/base/data/sounds/effects/* $ANDROID_SOURCE/system/core/rootdir/media/audio/ui/ <br />
$ cp $ANDROID_SOURCE/frameworks/base/data/sounds/Alarm_* $ANDROID_SOURCE/system/core/rootdir/media/audio/alarms/<br />
$ cp $ANDROID_SOURCE/frameworks/base/data/sounds/notifications/* $ANDROID_SOURCE/system/core/rootdir/media/audio/notifications/<br />
$ cp $ANDROID_SOURCE/frameworks/base/data/sounds/Ring_* $ANDROID_SOURCE/system/core/rootdir/media/audio/ringtones/<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
===Touchscreen===<br />
New definition:<br />
<source lang="c"><br />
#define DRIVER_NAME "TSC210x Touchscreen"<br />
#define X_AXIS_MAX 4000<br />
#define X_AXIS_MIN 0<br />
#define Y_AXIS_MAX 4200<br />
#define Y_AXIS_MIN 100<br />
#define PRESSURE_MIN 20<br />
#define PRESSURE_MAX 40000<br />
#define FACTOR 5000<br />
</source><br />
<source lang="c"><br />
static void tsc210x_touch(int touching)<br />
{<br />
if (!touching) {<br />
//input_report_abs(dev, ABS_X, 0);<br />
//input_report_abs(dev, ABS_Y, 0);<br />
input_report_key(dev, BTN_TOUCH, 0);<br />
input_report_abs(dev, ABS_PRESSURE, 0);<br />
input_sync(dev);<br />
}<br />
<br />
//input_report_key(dev, BTN_TOUCH, touching);<br />
//do_poke_blanked_console = 1;<br />
}<br />
</source><br />
<source lang="c"><br />
static void tsc210x_coords(int x, int y, int z1, int z2)<br />
{<br />
int p;<br />
<br />
/* Calculate the touch resistance a la equation #1 */<br />
if (z1 != 0)<br />
p = x * (z2 - z1) / (z1 << 4) * FACTOR;<br />
else<br />
p = 1;<br />
<br />
y = Y_AXIS_MAX - y;<br />
input_report_key(dev, BTN_TOUCH, 1);<br />
input_report_abs(dev, ABS_X, x);<br />
input_report_abs(dev, ABS_Y, y);<br />
input_report_abs(dev, ABS_PRESSURE, p);<br />
input_sync(dev);<br />
}<br />
</source><br />
<source lang="c"><br />
static int tsc210x_ts_probe(struct platform_device *pdev)<br />
{<br />
int status;<br />
<br />
dev = input_allocate_device();<br />
if (!dev)<br />
return -ENOMEM;<br />
<br />
status = tsc210x_touch_cb(tsc210x_touch);<br />
if (status)<br />
{<br />
goto error;<br />
}<br />
<br />
status = tsc210x_coords_cb(tsc210x_coords);<br />
if (status)<br />
{<br />
goto error;<br />
}<br />
<br />
dev->name = DRIVER_NAME;<br />
dev->dev.parent = &pdev->dev;<br />
dev->evbit[0] = BIT_MASK(EV_KEY) | BIT_MASK(EV_ABS);<br />
dev->keybit[BIT_WORD(BTN_TOUCH)] |= BIT_MASK(BTN_TOUCH);<br />
dev->absbit[0] = BIT_MASK(ABS_X) | BIT_MASK(ABS_Y) | BIT_MASK(ABS_PRESSURE);<br />
input_set_abs_params(dev, ABS_X, X_AXIS_MIN, X_AXIS_MAX, 0, 0);<br />
input_set_abs_params(dev, ABS_Y, Y_AXIS_MIN, Y_AXIS_MAX, 0, 0);<br />
input_set_abs_params(dev, ABS_PRESSURE, PRESSURE_MIN, PRESSURE_MAX, 0, 0);<br />
status = input_register_device(dev);<br />
if (status)<br />
{<br />
printk(KERN_INFO "Unable to register TSC210x as input device !\n");<br />
goto error;<br />
}<br />
<br />
printk(DRIVER_NAME " driver initialized\n");<br />
return 0;<br />
<br />
error:<br />
input_free_device(dev);<br />
return status;<br />
}<br />
</source><br />
===Android start up===<br />
====init.rc====<br />
Open $ANDROID_SOURCE/system/core/rootdir, comment the 'mount roofs' in read only mode and 'mount yaffs2' lines like this:<br />
<pre class="config"><br />
# setup the global environment<br />
export PATH /sbin:/system/sbin:/system/bin:/system/xbin<br />
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH /system/lib<br />
export ANDROID_BOOTLOGO 1<br />
export ANDROID_ROOT /system<br />
export ANDROID_ASSETS /system/app<br />
export ANDROID_DATA /data<br />
export EXTERNAL_STORAGE /sdcard<br />
export BOOTCLASSPATH /system/framework/core.jar:/system/framework/ext.jar:/system/framework/framework.jar:/system/framework/android.policy.jar:/system/framework/services.jar<br />
<br />
mount rootfs rootfs / rw remount<br />
<br />
# Backward compatibility<br />
symlink /system/etc /etc<br />
<br />
# create mountpoints and mount tmpfs on sqlite_stmt_journals<br />
mkdir /sdcard 0000 system system<br />
mkdir /system<br />
mkdir /data 0771 system system<br />
mkdir /cache 0770 system cache<br />
mkdir /sqlite_stmt_journals 01777 root root<br />
mount tmpfs tmpfs /sqlite_stmt_journals size=4m<br />
<br />
mount rootfs rootfs / ro remount<br />
<br />
write /proc/sys/kernel/panic_on_oops 1<br />
write /proc/sys/kernel/hung_task_timeout_secs 0<br />
write /proc/cpu/alignment 4<br />
write /proc/sys/kernel/sched_latency_ns 10000000<br />
write /proc/sys/kernel/sched_wakeup_granularity_ns 2000000<br />
<br />
# mount mtd partitions<br />
# Mount /system rw first to give the filesystem a chance to save a checkpoint<br />
# mount yaffs2 mtd@system /system <br />
# mount yaffs2 mtd@system /system ro remount<br />
<br />
setprop EXTERNAL_STORAGE_STATE mounted<br />
mount vfat /dev/block/mmcblk0p1 /sdcard nosuid nodev<br />
<br />
# We chown/chmod /data again so because mount is run as root + defaults<br />
mount ext2 /dev/block/mmcblk0p2 /data nosuid nodev<br />
chown system system /data<br />
chmod 0771 /data<br />
<br />
# Same reason as /data above<br />
# mount yaffs2 mtd@cache /cache nosuid nodev<br />
chown system cache /cache<br />
chmod 0770 /cache<br />
<br />
# This may have been created by the recovery system with odd permissions<br />
chown system system /cache/recovery<br />
chmod 0770 /cache/recovery<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
===Compile===<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ cd $ANDROID_SOURCE<br />
$ make<br />
</pre><br />
==Making RootFS==<br />
===Android Root File system===<br />
Android emulator has 3 basic images on tools/lib/images directory.<br />
* '''ramdisk.img''' is gziped cpio archive. ramdisk.img is a small partition image that is mounted read-only by the kernel at boot time. It only contains /init and a few config files. It is used to start init which will mount the rest of the system images properly and run the init procedure. A Ramdisk is a standard Linux feature. It is made just for the Android and do special things to start up the Android system.<br />
* '''system.img''' is a partition image that will be mounted as / and thus contains all system binaries.<br />
* '''userdata.img''' is a partition image that can be mounted as /data and thus contains all application-specific and user-specific data.<br />
<br />
===Create the Android root filesystem for apf27===<br />
Android’s root file system is generated in $ANDROID_SOURCE/out/target/product/generic. We will create a folder containing all Android files images. <br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ sudo rm -rf $ANDROID_SOURCE/rootfs/<br />
$ cd $ANDROID_SOURCE/out/target/product/generic<br />
$ mkdir $ANDROID_SOURCE/rootfs<br />
$ cp -a root/* $ANDROID_SOURCE/rootfs/<br />
$ cp -a system/* $ANDROID_SOURCE/rootfs/system/<br />
$ cd $ANDROID_SOURCE/rootfs<br />
$ sudo chown -R root.root .<br />
$ sudo chmod -R a+rwX data system<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
===JFFS2 Root file system===<br />
Actually, Android should use a file system how support mmap function like yaffs2, ext2 or ubifs. Unfortunaly, U-Boot support only jffs2 or ext2. So we will use ext2 on a µSD for data.<br />
====Prepare the MMC/µSD card====<br />
We will create two partitions on our mmc/µSD card, The first one will use for Android memory card, the second one will use for Android file system.<br />
First connect your card reader to your workstation, with the mmc/µSD card inside. Type the '''dmesg''' command to see which device is used by your workstation. Let’s assume that this device is '''/dev/sdb'''<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ dmesg<br />
...<br />
[ 9145.613954] sdb: sdb1 sdb2<br />
[ 9145.615125] sd 10:0:0:0: [sdc] Attached SCSI removable disk<br />
[ 9145.615258] sd 10:0:0:0: Attached scsi generic sg3 type 0<br />
</pre><br />
Type the mount command to check your currently mounted partitions. If MMC/SD partitions are mounted, unmount them.<br><br />
In a terminal edit partitions with fdisk:<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
sudo fdisk /dev/sdb<br />
</pre><br />
Delete any existing partition with the d command.<br><br />
Now, create the boot partition:<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
Command (m for help): n<br />
Command action<br />
e extended<br />
p primary partition (1-4)<br />
p<br />
Partition number (1-4): 1<br />
First cylinder (1-495, default 1): 1<br />
Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (1-239, default 239): +1G<br />
</pre><br />
Change its type to FAT32:<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
Command (m for help): t<br />
Selected partition 1<br />
Hex code (type L to list codes): c<br />
Changed system type of partition 1 to c (W95 FAT32 (LBA))<br />
</pre><br />
Using the n command again, create a second partition filling up the rest of your card (just accept default values).<br><br />
Now, format the partitions in your card:<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
sudo mkfs.vfat -n MemoryCard -F 32 /dev/sdb1<br />
sudo mkfs.ext2 -L data /dev/sdb2<br />
</pre><br />
====Boot setup====<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ sudo mkfs.jffs2 -n -e 0x20000 --pad=0x700000 -r $ANDROID_SOURCE/rootfs -o $TFTPBOOT/apf27-rootfs.arm.jffs2<br />
</pre><br />
The last thing left to do is to specify how the board boots Linux.<br><br />
In the U-boot prompt, make the mmc boot is on second partition of the mmc/µSD card<br />
<pre class="apf"> <br />
# setenv addjffsargs 'setenv bootargs ${bootargs} root=/dev/mtdblock4 rootfstype=jffs2 init=/init'<br />
# setenv bootcmd run mmcboot<br />
# saveenv<br />
# run update_kernel<br />
# run update_rootfs<br />
</pre><br />
===Root file system on APF27 NAND memory===<br />
{{Note| wait the UBIFS integration in the u-boot loader}}<br />
====Boot setup====<br />
The last thing left to do is to specify how the board boots Linux. In the U-boot prompt, make the UBIFS boot.<br />
<pre class="apf"> <br />
# setenv addubifsargs 'setenv bootargs ${bootargs} root=/dev/mtdblock4 rootfstype=ubifs init=\init'<br />
# setenv ubifsboot 'setenv bootargs ${console} ${mtdparts};run addubifsargs addipargs; setenv autostart yes;nboot.ubifs A0000000 0 ${kernel_offset}'<br />
# setenv bootcmd run ubifsboot<br />
# saveenv<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
[[Image:Apf27_android.JPG]]<br />
<br />
==Debug==<br />
===Prerequisite===<br />
Installing the [http://developer.android.com/sdk/1.6_r1/installing.html Android Development Tools (ADT)]<br />
Trace with '''logcat''' with Eclipse-ADT<br />
<pre class="host"> <br />
$ adb kill-server<br />
$ adb start-server<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
===Test with Android emulator===<br />
Documentation on Android [http://developer.android.com/guide/developing/tools/emulator.html emulator]<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ cd $ANDROID_SOURCE/kernel<br />
$ make ARCH=arm goldfish_defconfig<br />
$ make ARCH=arm CROSS_COMPILE=$ANDROID_SOURCE/prebuilt/linux-x86/toolchain/arm-eabi-4.2.1/bin/arm-eabi<br />
# Create AVD (Android Virtual Device)<br />
$ $ANDROID_SDK/tools/android create avd -n APF27-H -t 2 -s 272x480<br />
$ $ANDROID_SDK/tools/android create avd -n APF27-L -t 2 -s 480x272<br />
$ $ANDROID_SOURCE/out/host/linux-x86/bin/emulator -avd APF27-H -sysdir $ANDROID_SOURCE/out/target/product/generic/ -kernel $ANDROID_SOURCE/kernel/arch/arm/boot/zImage -data $ANDROID_SOURCE/out/target/product/generic/userdata.img -ramdisk $ANDROID_SOURCE/out/target/product/generic/ramdisk.img -system $ANDROID_SOURCE/out/target/product/generic/system.img<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
==Links==<br />
* [http://elinux.org/Android Android page on elinux.org]<br />
** [http://elinux.org/Android_on_OMAP Android on OMAP portage page on elinux.org]<br />
* [http://wiki.openmoko.org/wiki/Android Android on OpenMoko]<br />
* http://wiki.kldp.org/wiki.php/AndroidPortingOnRealTarget<br />
<br />
==Thanks==<br />
Thanks to Xavier Romanens and Fabrice Carrel form Ecole d'ingénieurs et d'architectes de Fribourg for their contributions.</div>NicolasDhttp://armadeus.org/wiki/index.php?title=Android&diff=7391Android2009-09-23T14:15:49Z<p>NicolasD: /* Touchscreen kernel configuration */</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Under_Construction}}<br />
<br />
[[Image:Android-logo.png]]<br />
<br />
This page will sumarize the efforts made to have Android running on the APF boards.<br />
<br />
{{Note| Due to Android requirements (at least an ARM926 core), it is impossible to have it running on the APF9328}}<br />
<br />
==Some readings before starting==<br />
* http://developer.android.com/guide/basics/what-is-android.html<br />
<br />
==Prerequisites for Android installation==<br />
===Install needed software packages===<br />
* Install these package for build the kernel image and for format the mmc/µSD card<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ sudo apt-get install uboot-mkimage mtd-utils<br />
</pre><br />
* The Armadeus [[Toolchain]], only for Armadeus patches<br />
<br />
===Update the environment variables===<br />
Theses environment variables install the Android and Armadeus folder in our home directory, but of course, it can be placed anywhere!<br />
<pre class="config"><br />
export ANDROID_SOURCE=~/apf27droid<br />
export ANDROID_SDK=~/android-sdk-linux_x86-1.5_r3<br />
export ARMADEUS=~/armadeus-3.1<br />
export PATH=${PATH}:${ANDROID_SDK}/tools:${ANDROID_SOURCE}/bin<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
===Download Android source===<br />
The [http://source.android.com/download getting Android source] document describes how to set up our local work environment. <br />
Follow theses instructions until '''Installing Repo''' chapter.<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ mkdir $ANDROID_SOURCE<br />
$ cd $ANDROID_SOURCE<br />
$ mkdir bin<br />
$ curl http://android.git.kernel.org/repo >$ANDROID_SOURCE/bin/repo<br />
$ chmod a+x $ANDROID_SOURCE/bin/repo<br />
$ repo init -u git://android.git.kernel.org/platform/manifest.git -b android-sdk-1.5_r3<br />
$ repo sync<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
Since android-sdk-1.5_r3 branch, the Linux kernel isn't with the Android source, <br />
We can download it in a compress archive (tar.gz) file with this [http://android.git.kernel.org/?p=kernel/common.git;a=snapshot;h=refs/heads/android-2.6.29;sf=tgz android-kernel-2.6.29] (about (70Mib) or with git repository (more 300Mib)<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ mkdir $ANDROID_SOURCE/kernel<br />
$ cd $ANDROID_SOURCE/kernel<br />
$ git clone git://android.git.kernel.org/kernel/common.git android-2.6.29<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
==Linux Kernel 2.6.29==<br />
===Apply the Armadeus patchset===<br />
Before compiling the kernel, we patch the source with the Armadeus patches. In second time, I will give the URL to retrieve Linux 2.6.29.4 patch.<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ $ARMADEUS/buildroot/toolchain/patch-kernel.sh $ANDROID_SOURCE/kernel $ARMADEUS/downloads patch-2.6.29.4.bz2<br />
$ $ARMADEUS/buildroot/toolchain/patch-kernel.sh $ANDROID_SOURCE/kernel $ARMADEUS/buildroot/target/device/armadeus/linux/kernel-patches/2.6.29.4 \*.patch{,.gz,.bz2}<br />
$ mkdir $ANDROID_SOURCE/kernel/drivers/armadeus<br />
$ cp -r $ARMADEUS/target/linux/modules/* $ANDROID_SOURCE/kernel/drivers/armadeus<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
===Android kernel configuration===<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ cp $ARMADEUS/buildroot/target/device/armadeus/apf27/apf27-linux-2.6.29.config $ANDROID_SOURCE/kernel/arch/arm/configs/apf27_android_defconfig<br />
$ cd $ANDROID_SOURCE/kernel<br />
$ make ARCH=arm mrproper<br />
$ make ARCH=arm apf27_android_defconfig<br />
$ make ARCH=arm menuconfig<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
Make sure your kernel boots normally on your board. Then enable some Android specific configuration and make sure that your kernel still boots (with your standard file system).<br />
*Android pmem allocator<br />
<pre class="config"><br />
Device Drivers ---><br />
[*] Misc devices ---><br />
[*] Android pmem allocator<br />
</pre><br />
* Android drivers<br />
<pre class="config"><br />
Device Drivers ---><br />
[*] Staging drivers ---> <br />
[ ] Exclude Staging drivers from being built (NEW)<br />
...<br />
Android ---><br />
[*] Android Drivers<br />
[*] Android Binder IPC Driver<br />
<*> Android log driver <br />
[ ] Android RAM buffer console<br />
[*] Timed output class driver (NEW)<br />
< > Android timed gpio driver (NEW)<br />
[*] Android Low Memory Killer <br />
</pre><br />
* Anonymous Shared Memory Subsystem<br />
<pre class="config"><br />
General setup ---><br />
[*] Enable the Anonymous Shared Memory Subsystem<br />
</pre><br />
===UBIFS kernel configuration===<br />
<pre class="config"><br />
Device Drivers ---><br />
<*> Memory Technology Device (MTD) support ---><br />
UBI - Unsorted block images ---> <br />
<*> Enable UBI<br />
(4096) UBI wear-leveling threshold <br />
(1) Percentage of reserved eraseblocks for bad eraseblocks handling<br />
[ ] Emulate MTD devices<br />
*** UBI debugging options ***<br />
[ ] UBI debugging <br />
...<br />
File systems ---><br />
[*] Miscellaneous filesystems ---><br />
<*> UBIFS file system support<br />
[ ] Extended attributes support <br />
[ ] Advanced compression options<br />
[ ] Enable debugging<br />
</pre><br />
===Touchscreen kernel configuration===<br />
<pre class="config"><br />
Power management options ---><br />
[*] Wake lock<br />
[*] Wake lock stats (NEW)<br />
[*] Userspace wake locks (NEW)<br />
[*] Early suspend (NEW) <br />
User-space screen access (Console switch on early-suspend) ---><br />
(X) Sysfs interface <br />
...<br />
Device Drivers ---><br />
Input device support ---><br />
[*] Touchscreens ---><br />
<*> TSC 2102 based touchscreens<br />
...<br />
<*> Hardware Monitoring support ---><br />
</pre><br />
<br />
===Build Android kernel===<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ make ARCH=arm CROSS_COMPILE=$ANDROID_SOURCE/prebuilt/linux-x86/toolchain/arm-eabi-4.2.1/bin/arm-eabi- uImage<br />
$ cp $ANDROID_SOURCE/kernel/arch/arm/boot/uImage $TFTPBOOT/apf27-linux.bin<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
==Android==<br />
===Battery patch===<br />
At the beginning, reboot happened over again even though Android logo appeared on board.<br />
Result of investigation, we found that battery power was returned with 0 when boot.. Then, we changed to notify full battery to Android by ignoring the information under '''/sys/class/power_supply''' so that to prevent the power down by low battery '''$ANDROID_SOURCE/frameworks/base/services/jni/com_android_server_BatteryService.cpp'''<br />
*Change the battery service status as TRUE<br />
<source lang="c"><br />
static void setBooleanField(JNIEnv* env, jobject obj, const char* path, jfieldID fieldID)<br />
{<br />
const int SIZE = 16;<br />
char buf[SIZE];<br />
<br />
jboolean value = true; /* change false -> true */<br />
/*!!!comment out!!!<br />
if (readFromFile(path, buf, SIZE) > 0) {<br />
if (buf[0] == '1') {<br />
value = true;<br />
}<br />
}<br />
*/<br />
env->SetBooleanField(obj, fieldID, value);<br />
}<br />
</source><br />
*Change the volume, voltage and temperature of battery. Return 100%.<br />
<source lang="c"><br />
static void setIntField(JNIEnv* env, jobject obj, const char* path, jfieldID fieldID)<br />
{<br />
const int SIZE = 128;<br />
char buf[SIZE];<br />
<br />
jint value = 100; /* change 0 -> 100 */<br />
/*!!!comment out!!!<br />
if (readFromFile(path, buf, SIZE) > 0) {<br />
value = atoi(buf);<br />
}<br />
*/<br />
env->SetIntField(obj, fieldID, value);<br />
}<br />
</source><br />
*Change the battery charged status as full and deterioration status as fair.<br />
<source lang="c"><br />
static void android_server_BatteryService_update(JNIEnv* env, jobject obj)<br />
{<br />
setBooleanField(env, obj, AC_ONLINE_PATH, gFieldIds.mAcOnline);<br />
setBooleanField(env, obj, USB_ONLINE_PATH, gFieldIds.mUsbOnline);<br />
setBooleanField(env, obj, BATTERY_PRESENT_PATH, gFieldIds.mBatteryPresent);<br />
<br />
setIntField(env, obj, BATTERY_CAPACITY_PATH, gFieldIds.mBatteryLevel);<br />
setIntField(env, obj, BATTERY_VOLTAGE_PATH, gFieldIds.mBatteryVoltage);<br />
setIntField(env, obj, BATTERY_TEMPERATURE_PATH, gFieldIds.mBatteryTemperature);<br />
<br />
/* Change */<br />
env->SetIntField(obj, gFieldIds.mBatteryStatus, gConstants.statusFull);<br />
env->SetIntField(obj, gFieldIds.mBatteryHealth, gConstants.healthGood);<br />
env->SetObjectField(obj, gFieldIds.mBatteryTechnology, env->NewStringUTF("1"));<br />
<br />
/*!!!comment out!!!<br />
const int SIZE = 128;<br />
char buf[SIZE];<br />
<br />
if (readFromFile(BATTERY_STATUS_PATH, buf, SIZE) > 0)<br />
env->SetIntField(obj, gFieldIds.mBatteryStatus, getBatteryStatus(buf));<br />
<br />
if (readFromFile(BATTERY_HEALTH_PATH, buf, SIZE) > 0)<br />
env->SetIntField(obj, gFieldIds.mBatteryHealth, getBatteryHealth(buf));<br />
<br />
if (readFromFile(BATTERY_TECHNOLOGY_PATH, buf, SIZE) > 0)<br />
env->SetObjectField(obj, gFieldIds.mBatteryTechnology, env->NewStringUTF(buf));<br />
*/<br />
}<br />
</source><br />
<br />
===Audio===<br />
{{Note| Still compilation error}}<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
cd $ANDROID_SOURCE/external <br />
git clone git://android.git.kernel.org/platform/external/alsa‐lib.git<br />
git clone git://android.git.kernel.org/platform/external/alsa‐utils.git<br />
cd $ANDROID_SOURCE/hardware <br />
git clone git://android.git.kernel.org/platform/hardware/alsa_sound.git <br />
</pre><br />
edit $ANDROID_SOURCE/build/target/board/generic/BoardConfig.mk <br />
<pre class="config"> <br />
# HAVE_HTC_AUDIO_DRIVER := true<br />
# BOARD_USES_GENERIC_AUDIO := true<br />
BOARD_USES_ALSA_AUDIO := true<br />
BUILD_WITH_ALSA_UTILS := true<br />
</pre><br />
edit $ANDROID_SOURCE/hardware/alsa_sound/AudioHardwareALSA.cpp and change bufferSize to 8192 in twice StreamDefaults structures <br><br />
edit $ANDROID_SOURCE/system/core/init/device.c<br />
<source lang="c"><br />
static struct perms_ devperms[] = {<br />
{ "/dev/null", 0666, AID_ROOT, AID_ROOT, 0 },<br />
...<br />
{ "/dev/qmi1", 0640, AID_RADIO, AID_RADIO, 0 },<br />
{ "/dev/qmi2", 0640, AID_RADIO, AID_RADIO, 0 },<br />
// Add this line<br />
{ "/dev/snd/", 0664, AID_SYSTEM, AID_AUDIO, 1 },<br />
{ NULL, 0, 0, 0, 0 },<br />
};<br />
</source><br />
<source lang="c"><br />
static void handle_device_event(struct uevent *uevent)<br />
{<br />
char devpath[96];<br />
char *base, *name;<br />
int block;<br />
...<br />
} else if(!strncmp(uevent->subsystem, "mtd", 3)) {<br />
base = "/dev/mtd/";<br />
mkdir(base, 0755);<br />
// add this conditionnal block<br />
} else if(!strncmp(uevent->subsystem, "sound", 5)) {<br />
base = "/dev/snd/";<br />
mkdir(base, 0755);<br />
} else if(!strncmp(uevent->subsystem, "misc", 4) &&<br />
!strncmp(name, "log_", 4)) {<br />
base = "/dev/log/";<br />
mkdir(base, 0755);<br />
name += 4;<br />
} else<br />
base = "/dev/";<br />
}<br />
<br />
</source><br />
Audio files<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ mkdir $ANDROID_SOURCE/system/core/rootdir/media <br />
$ mkdir $ANDROID_SOURCE/system/core/rootdir/media/audio <br />
$ mkdir $ANDROID_SOURCE/system/core/rootdir/media/audio/ui<br />
$ mkdir $ANDROID_SOURCE/system/core/rootdir/media/audio/alarms <br />
$ mkdir $ANDROID_SOURCE/system/core/rootdir/media/audio/notifications <br />
$ mkdir $ANDROID_SOURCE/system/core/rootdir/media/audio/ringtones <br />
$ cp $ANDROID_SOURCE/frameworks/base/data/sounds/effects/* $ANDROID_SOURCE/system/core/rootdir/media/audio/ui/ <br />
$ cp $ANDROID_SOURCE/frameworks/base/data/sounds/Alarm_* $ANDROID_SOURCE/system/core/rootdir/media/audio/alarms/<br />
$ cp $ANDROID_SOURCE/frameworks/base/data/sounds/notifications/* $ANDROID_SOURCE/system/core/rootdir/media/audio/notifications/<br />
$ cp $ANDROID_SOURCE/frameworks/base/data/sounds/Ring_* $ANDROID_SOURCE/system/core/rootdir/media/audio/ringtones/<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
===Touchscreen===<br />
{{Note| To do!!!}}<br />
====Change init.rc====<br />
Open $ANDROID_SOURCE/system/core/rootdir:<br />
<pre class="config"><br />
# create basic filesystem structure<br />
...<br />
# Touchscreen section<br />
export TSLIB_CONSOLEDEVICE=none<br />
export TSLIB_FBDEVICE=/dev/fb0<br />
export TSLIB_TSDEVICE=/dev/input/event1<br />
export TSLIB_CALIBFILE=/etc/pointercal<br />
export TSLIB_CONFFILE=/etc/ts.conf<br />
export TSLIB_PLUGINDIR=/lib/ts<br />
export LD_PRELOAD=/lib/libts.so:/lib/ts/pthres.so<br />
<br />
...<br />
on boot<br />
</pre><br />
===Android start up===<br />
====init.rc====<br />
Open $ANDROID_SOURCE/system/core/rootdir, comment the 'mount roofs' in read only mode and 'mount yaffs2' lines like this:<br />
<pre class="config"><br />
# setup the global environment<br />
export PATH /sbin:/system/sbin:/system/bin:/system/xbin<br />
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH /system/lib<br />
export ANDROID_BOOTLOGO 1<br />
export ANDROID_ROOT /system<br />
export ANDROID_ASSETS /system/app<br />
export ANDROID_DATA /data<br />
export EXTERNAL_STORAGE /sdcard<br />
export BOOTCLASSPATH /system/framework/core.jar:/system/framework/ext.jar:/system/framework/framework.jar:/system/framework/android.policy.jar:/system/framework/services.jar<br />
<br />
mount rootfs rootfs / rw remount<br />
<br />
# Backward compatibility<br />
symlink /system/etc /etc<br />
<br />
# create mountpoints and mount tmpfs on sqlite_stmt_journals<br />
mkdir /sdcard 0000 system system<br />
mkdir /system<br />
mkdir /data 0771 system system<br />
mkdir /cache 0770 system cache<br />
mkdir /sqlite_stmt_journals 01777 root root<br />
mount tmpfs tmpfs /sqlite_stmt_journals size=4m<br />
<br />
mount rootfs rootfs / ro remount<br />
<br />
write /proc/sys/kernel/panic_on_oops 1<br />
write /proc/sys/kernel/hung_task_timeout_secs 0<br />
write /proc/cpu/alignment 4<br />
write /proc/sys/kernel/sched_latency_ns 10000000<br />
write /proc/sys/kernel/sched_wakeup_granularity_ns 2000000<br />
<br />
# mount mtd partitions<br />
# Mount /system rw first to give the filesystem a chance to save a checkpoint<br />
# mount yaffs2 mtd@system /system <br />
# mount yaffs2 mtd@system /system ro remount<br />
<br />
setprop EXTERNAL_STORAGE_STATE mounted<br />
mount vfat /dev/block/mmcblk0p1 /sdcard nosuid nodev<br />
<br />
# We chown/chmod /data again so because mount is run as root + defaults<br />
mount ext2 /dev/block/mmcblk0p2 /data nosuid nodev<br />
chown system system /data<br />
chmod 0771 /data<br />
<br />
# Same reason as /data above<br />
# mount yaffs2 mtd@cache /cache nosuid nodev<br />
chown system cache /cache<br />
chmod 0770 /cache<br />
<br />
# This may have been created by the recovery system with odd permissions<br />
chown system system /cache/recovery<br />
chmod 0770 /cache/recovery<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
===Compile===<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ cd $ANDROID_SOURCE<br />
$ make<br />
</pre><br />
==Making RootFS==<br />
===Android Root File system===<br />
Android emulator has 3 basic images on tools/lib/images directory.<br />
* '''ramdisk.img''' is gziped cpio archive. ramdisk.img is a small partition image that is mounted read-only by the kernel at boot time. It only contains /init and a few config files. It is used to start init which will mount the rest of the system images properly and run the init procedure. A Ramdisk is a standard Linux feature. It is made just for the Android and do special things to start up the Android system.<br />
* '''system.img''' is a partition image that will be mounted as / and thus contains all system binaries.<br />
* '''userdata.img''' is a partition image that can be mounted as /data and thus contains all application-specific and user-specific data.<br />
<br />
===Create the Android root filesystem for apf27===<br />
Android’s root file system is generated in $ANDROID_SOURCE/out/target/product/generic. We will create a folder containing all Android files images. <br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ sudo rm -rf $ANDROID_SOURCE/rootfs/<br />
$ cd $ANDROID_SOURCE/out/target/product/generic<br />
$ mkdir $ANDROID_SOURCE/rootfs<br />
$ cp -a root/* $ANDROID_SOURCE/rootfs/<br />
$ cp -a system/* $ANDROID_SOURCE/rootfs/system/<br />
$ cd $ANDROID_SOURCE/rootfs<br />
$ sudo chown -R root.root .<br />
$ sudo chmod -R a+rwX data system<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
===JFFS2 Root file system===<br />
Actually, Android should use a file system how support mmap function like yaffs2, ext2 or ubifs. Unfortunaly, U-Boot support only jffs2 or ext2. So we will use ext2 on a µSD for data.<br />
====Prepare the MMC/µSD card====<br />
We will create two partitions on our mmc/µSD card, The first one will use for Android memory card, the second one will use for Android file system.<br />
First connect your card reader to your workstation, with the mmc/µSD card inside. Type the '''dmesg''' command to see which device is used by your workstation. Let’s assume that this device is '''/dev/sdb'''<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ dmesg<br />
...<br />
[ 9145.613954] sdb: sdb1 sdb2<br />
[ 9145.615125] sd 10:0:0:0: [sdc] Attached SCSI removable disk<br />
[ 9145.615258] sd 10:0:0:0: Attached scsi generic sg3 type 0<br />
</pre><br />
Type the mount command to check your currently mounted partitions. If MMC/SD partitions are mounted, unmount them.<br><br />
In a terminal edit partitions with fdisk:<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
sudo fdisk /dev/sdb<br />
</pre><br />
Delete any existing partition with the d command.<br><br />
Now, create the boot partition:<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
Command (m for help): n<br />
Command action<br />
e extended<br />
p primary partition (1-4)<br />
p<br />
Partition number (1-4): 1<br />
First cylinder (1-495, default 1): 1<br />
Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (1-239, default 239): +1G<br />
</pre><br />
Change its type to FAT32:<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
Command (m for help): t<br />
Selected partition 1<br />
Hex code (type L to list codes): c<br />
Changed system type of partition 1 to c (W95 FAT32 (LBA))<br />
</pre><br />
Using the n command again, create a second partition filling up the rest of your card (just accept default values).<br><br />
Now, format the partitions in your card:<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
sudo mkfs.vfat -n MemoryCard -F 32 /dev/sdb1<br />
sudo mkfs.ext2 -L data /dev/sdb2<br />
</pre><br />
====Boot setup====<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ sudo mkfs.jffs2 -r -e 0x20000 --pad=0x700000 -n $ANDROID_SOURCE/rootfs -o $TFTPBOOT/apf27-rootfs.arm.jffs2<br />
</pre><br />
The last thing left to do is to specify how the board boots Linux.<br><br />
In the U-boot prompt, make the mmc boot is on second partition of the mmc/µSD card<br />
<pre class="apf"> <br />
# setenv addjffsargs 'setenv bootargs ${bootargs} root=/dev/mtdblock4 rootfstype=jffs2 init=/init androidboot.console=ttyS0'<br />
# setenv bootcmd run mmcboot<br />
# saveenv<br />
# run update_kernel<br />
# run update_rootfs<br />
</pre><br />
===Root file system on APF27 NAND memory===<br />
{{Note| wait the UBIFS integration in the u-boot loader}}<br />
====Boot setup====<br />
The last thing left to do is to specify how the board boots Linux. In the U-boot prompt, make the UBIFS boot.<br />
<pre class="apf"> <br />
# setenv addubifsargs 'setenv bootargs ${bootargs} root=/dev/mtdblock4 rootfstype=ubifs init=\init androidboot.console=ttyS0'<br />
# setenv ubifsboot 'setenv bootargs ${console} ${mtdparts};run addubifsargs addipargs; setenv autostart yes;nboot.ubifs A0000000 0 ${kernel_offset}'<br />
# setenv bootcmd run ubifsboot<br />
# saveenv<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
[[Image:Apf27_android.JPG]]<br />
<br />
==Debug 'n Test==<br />
===Trace on the console===<br />
Trace with '''strace'''<br />
<pre class="apf"> <br />
# mount /dev/mmcblk0p2 /mnt/mmc<br />
# strace chroot /mnt/mmc /init androidboot.console=ttyS0<br />
</pre><br />
Trave with '''logcat'''<br />
<pre class="apf"> <br />
# mount /dev/mmcblk0p2 /mnt/mmc<br />
# chroot /mnt/mmc /init androidboot.console=ttyS0 &<br />
# chroot /mnt/mmc /system/bin/logcat<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
===Test with Android emulator===<br />
Documentation on Android [http://developer.android.com/guide/developing/tools/emulator.html emulator]<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ cd $ANDROID_SOURCE/kernel<br />
$ make ARCH=arm goldfish_defconfig<br />
$ make ARCH=arm CROSS_COMPILE=$ANDROID_SOURCE/prebuilt/linux-x86/toolchain/arm-eabi-4.2.1/bin/arm-eabi<br />
# Create AVD (Android Virtual Device)<br />
$ $ANDROID_SDK/tools/android create avd -n APF27-H -t 2 -s 272x480<br />
$ $ANDROID_SDK/tools/android create avd -n APF27-L -t 2 -s 480x272<br />
$ $ANDROID_SOURCE/out/host/linux-x86/bin/emulator -avd APF27-H -sysdir $ANDROID_SOURCE/out/target/product/generic/ -kernel $ANDROID_SOURCE/kernel/arch/arm/boot/zImage -data $ANDROID_SOURCE/out/target/product/generic/userdata.img -ramdisk $ANDROID_SOURCE/out/target/product/generic/ramdisk.img -system $ANDROID_SOURCE/out/target/product/generic/system.img<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
==Links==<br />
* [http://elinux.org/Android Android page on elinux.org]<br />
** [http://elinux.org/Android_on_OMAP Android on OMAP portage page on elinux.org]<br />
* [http://wiki.openmoko.org/wiki/Android Android on OpenMoko]<br />
* http://wiki.kldp.org/wiki.php/AndroidPortingOnRealTarget</div>NicolasDhttp://armadeus.org/wiki/index.php?title=Android&diff=7345Android2009-09-14T13:28:27Z<p>NicolasD: /* Linux Kernel 2.6.29 */</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Under_Construction}}<br />
<br />
[[Image:Android-logo.png]]<br />
<br />
This page will sumarize the efforts made to have Android running on the APF boards.<br />
<br />
{{Note| Due to Android requirements (at least an ARM926 core), it is impossible to have it running on the APF9328}}<br />
<br />
==Some readings before starting==<br />
* http://developer.android.com/guide/basics/what-is-android.html<br />
<br />
==Prerequisites for Android installation==<br />
===Install needed software packages===<br />
* Install these package for build the kernel image and for format the mmc/µSD card<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ sudo apt-get install uboot-mkimage mtd-utils<br />
</pre><br />
* The Armadeus [[Toolchain]], only for Armadeus patches<br />
<br />
===Update the environment variables===<br />
Theses environment variables install the Android and Armadeus folder in our home directory, but of course, it can be placed anywhere!<br />
<pre class="config"><br />
export ANDROID_SOURCE=~/apf27droid<br />
export ANDROID_SDK=~/android-sdk-linux_x86-1.5_r3<br />
export ARMADEUS=~/armadeus-3.1<br />
export PATH=${PATH}:${ANDROID_SDK}/tools:${ANDROID_SOURCE}/bin<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
===Download Android source===<br />
The [http://source.android.com/download getting Android source] document describes how to set up our local work environment. <br />
Follow theses instructions until '''Installing Repo''' chapter.<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ mkdir $ANDROID_SOURCE<br />
$ cd $ANDROID_SOURCE<br />
$ mkdir bin<br />
$ curl http://android.git.kernel.org/repo >$ANDROID_SOURCE/bin/repo<br />
$ chmod a+x $ANDROID_SOURCE/bin/repo<br />
$ repo init -u git://android.git.kernel.org/platform/manifest.git -b android-sdk-1.5_r3<br />
$ repo sync<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
Since android-sdk-1.5_r3 branch, the Linux kernel isn't with the Android source, <br />
We can download it in a compress archive (tar.gz) file with this [http://android.git.kernel.org/?p=kernel/common.git;a=snapshot;h=refs/heads/android-2.6.29;sf=tgz android-kernel-2.6.29] (about (70Mib) or with git repository (more 300Mib)<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ mkdir $ANDROID_SOURCE/kernel<br />
$ cd $ANDROID_SOURCE/kernel<br />
$ git clone git://android.git.kernel.org/kernel/common.git android-2.6.29<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
==Linux Kernel 2.6.29==<br />
===Apply the Armadeus patchset===<br />
Before compiling the kernel, we patch the source with the Armadeus patches. In second time, I will give the URL to retrieve Linux 2.6.29.4 patch.<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ $ARMADEUS/buildroot/toolchain/patch-kernel.sh $ANDROID_SOURCE/kernel $ARMADEUS/downloads patch-2.6.29.4.bz2<br />
$ $ARMADEUS/buildroot/toolchain/patch-kernel.sh $ANDROID_SOURCE/kernel $ARMADEUS/buildroot/target/device/armadeus/linux/kernel-patches/2.6.29.4 \*.patch{,.gz,.bz2}<br />
$ mkdir $ANDROID_SOURCE/kernel/drivers/armadeus<br />
$ cp -r $ARMADEUS/target/linux/modules/* $ANDROID_SOURCE/kernel/drivers/armadeus<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
===Android kernel configuration===<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ cp $ARMADEUS/buildroot/target/device/armadeus/apf27/apf27-linux-2.6.29.config $ANDROID_SOURCE/kernel/arch/arm/configs/apf27_android_defconfig<br />
$ cd $ANDROID_SOURCE/kernel<br />
$ make ARCH=arm mrproper<br />
$ make ARCH=arm apf27_android_defconfig<br />
$ make ARCH=arm menuconfig<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
Make sure your kernel boots normally on your board. Then enable some Android specific configuration and make sure that your kernel still boots (with your standard file system).<br />
*Android pmem allocator<br />
<pre class="config"><br />
Device Drivers ---><br />
[*] Misc devices ---><br />
[*] Android pmem allocator<br />
</pre><br />
* Android drivers<br />
<pre class="config"><br />
Device Drivers ---><br />
[*] Staging drivers ---> <br />
[ ] Exclude Staging drivers from being built (NEW)<br />
...<br />
Android ---><br />
[*] Android Drivers<br />
[*] Android Binder IPC Driver<br />
<*> Android log driver <br />
[ ] Android RAM buffer console<br />
[*] Timed output class driver (NEW)<br />
< > Android timed gpio driver (NEW)<br />
[*] Android Low Memory Killer <br />
</pre><br />
* Anonymous Shared Memory Subsystem<br />
<pre class="config"><br />
General setup ---><br />
[*] Enable the Anonymous Shared Memory Subsystem<br />
</pre><br />
===UBIFS kernel configuration===<br />
<pre class="config"><br />
Device Drivers ---><br />
<*> Memory Technology Device (MTD) support ---><br />
UBI - Unsorted block images ---> <br />
<*> Enable UBI<br />
(4096) UBI wear-leveling threshold <br />
(1) Percentage of reserved eraseblocks for bad eraseblocks handling<br />
[ ] Emulate MTD devices<br />
*** UBI debugging options ***<br />
[ ] UBI debugging <br />
...<br />
File systems ---><br />
[*] Miscellaneous filesystems ---><br />
<*> UBIFS file system support<br />
[ ] Extended attributes support <br />
[ ] Advanced compression options<br />
[ ] Enable debugging<br />
</pre><br />
===Touchscreen kernel configuration===<br />
<pre class="config"><br />
Device Drivers ---><br />
Input device support ---><br />
[*] Touchscreens ---><br />
<*> TSC 2102 based touchscreens<br />
...<br />
<*> Hardware Monitoring support ---><br />
</pre><br />
<br />
===Build Android kernel===<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ make ARCH=arm CROSS_COMPILE=$ANDROID_SOURCE/prebuilt/linux-x86/toolchain/arm-eabi-4.2.1/bin/arm-eabi- uImage<br />
$ cp $ANDROID_SOURCE/kernel/arch/arm/boot/uImage $TFTPBOOT/apf27-linux.bin<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
==Android==<br />
===Battery patch===<br />
At the beginning, reboot happened over again even though Android logo appeared on board.<br />
Result of investigation, we found that battery power was returned with 0 when boot.. Then, we changed to notify full battery to Android by ignoring the information under '''/sys/class/power_supply''' so that to prevent the power down by low battery '''$ANDROID_SOURCE/frameworks/base/services/jni/com_android_server_BatteryService.cpp'''<br />
*Change the battery service status as TRUE<br />
<source lang="c"><br />
static void setBooleanField(JNIEnv* env, jobject obj, const char* path, jfieldID fieldID)<br />
{<br />
const int SIZE = 16;<br />
char buf[SIZE];<br />
<br />
jboolean value = true; /* change false -> true */<br />
/*!!!comment out!!!<br />
if (readFromFile(path, buf, SIZE) > 0) {<br />
if (buf[0] == '1') {<br />
value = true;<br />
}<br />
}<br />
*/<br />
env->SetBooleanField(obj, fieldID, value);<br />
}<br />
</source><br />
*Change the volume, voltage and temperature of battery. Return 100%.<br />
<source lang="c"><br />
static void setIntField(JNIEnv* env, jobject obj, const char* path, jfieldID fieldID)<br />
{<br />
const int SIZE = 128;<br />
char buf[SIZE];<br />
<br />
jint value = 100; /* change 0 -> 100 */<br />
/*!!!comment out!!!<br />
if (readFromFile(path, buf, SIZE) > 0) {<br />
value = atoi(buf);<br />
}<br />
*/<br />
env->SetIntField(obj, fieldID, value);<br />
}<br />
</source><br />
*Change the battery charged status as full and deterioration status as fair.<br />
<source lang="c"><br />
static void android_server_BatteryService_update(JNIEnv* env, jobject obj)<br />
{<br />
setBooleanField(env, obj, AC_ONLINE_PATH, gFieldIds.mAcOnline);<br />
setBooleanField(env, obj, USB_ONLINE_PATH, gFieldIds.mUsbOnline);<br />
setBooleanField(env, obj, BATTERY_PRESENT_PATH, gFieldIds.mBatteryPresent);<br />
<br />
setIntField(env, obj, BATTERY_CAPACITY_PATH, gFieldIds.mBatteryLevel);<br />
setIntField(env, obj, BATTERY_VOLTAGE_PATH, gFieldIds.mBatteryVoltage);<br />
setIntField(env, obj, BATTERY_TEMPERATURE_PATH, gFieldIds.mBatteryTemperature);<br />
<br />
/* Change */<br />
env->SetIntField(obj, gFieldIds.mBatteryStatus, gConstants.statusFull);<br />
env->SetIntField(obj, gFieldIds.mBatteryHealth, gConstants.healthGood);<br />
env->SetObjectField(obj, gFieldIds.mBatteryTechnology, env->NewStringUTF("1"));<br />
<br />
/*!!!comment out!!!<br />
const int SIZE = 128;<br />
char buf[SIZE];<br />
<br />
if (readFromFile(BATTERY_STATUS_PATH, buf, SIZE) > 0)<br />
env->SetIntField(obj, gFieldIds.mBatteryStatus, getBatteryStatus(buf));<br />
<br />
if (readFromFile(BATTERY_HEALTH_PATH, buf, SIZE) > 0)<br />
env->SetIntField(obj, gFieldIds.mBatteryHealth, getBatteryHealth(buf));<br />
<br />
if (readFromFile(BATTERY_TECHNOLOGY_PATH, buf, SIZE) > 0)<br />
env->SetObjectField(obj, gFieldIds.mBatteryTechnology, env->NewStringUTF(buf));<br />
*/<br />
}<br />
</source><br />
<br />
===Audio===<br />
{{Note| Still compilation error}}<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
cd $ANDROID_SOURCE/external <br />
git clone git://android.git.kernel.org/platform/external/alsa‐lib.git<br />
git clone git://android.git.kernel.org/platform/external/alsa‐utils.git<br />
cd $ANDROID_SOURCE/hardware <br />
git clone git://android.git.kernel.org/platform/hardware/alsa_sound.git <br />
</pre><br />
edit $ANDROID_SOURCE/build/target/board/generic/BoardConfig.mk <br />
<pre class="config"> <br />
# HAVE_HTC_AUDIO_DRIVER := true<br />
# BOARD_USES_GENERIC_AUDIO := true<br />
BOARD_USES_ALSA_AUDIO := true<br />
BUILD_WITH_ALSA_UTILS := true<br />
</pre><br />
edit $ANDROID_SOURCE/hardware/alsa_sound/AudioHardwareALSA.cpp and change bufferSize to 8192 in twice StreamDefaults structures <br><br />
edit $ANDROID_SOURCE/system/core/init/device.c<br />
<source lang="c"><br />
static struct perms_ devperms[] = {<br />
{ "/dev/null", 0666, AID_ROOT, AID_ROOT, 0 },<br />
...<br />
{ "/dev/qmi1", 0640, AID_RADIO, AID_RADIO, 0 },<br />
{ "/dev/qmi2", 0640, AID_RADIO, AID_RADIO, 0 },<br />
// Add this line<br />
{ "/dev/snd/", 0664, AID_SYSTEM, AID_AUDIO, 1 },<br />
{ NULL, 0, 0, 0, 0 },<br />
};<br />
</source><br />
<source lang="c"><br />
static void handle_device_event(struct uevent *uevent)<br />
{<br />
char devpath[96];<br />
char *base, *name;<br />
int block;<br />
...<br />
} else if(!strncmp(uevent->subsystem, "mtd", 3)) {<br />
base = "/dev/mtd/";<br />
mkdir(base, 0755);<br />
// add this conditionnal block<br />
} else if(!strncmp(uevent->subsystem, "sound", 5)) {<br />
base = "/dev/snd/";<br />
mkdir(base, 0755);<br />
} else if(!strncmp(uevent->subsystem, "misc", 4) &&<br />
!strncmp(name, "log_", 4)) {<br />
base = "/dev/log/";<br />
mkdir(base, 0755);<br />
name += 4;<br />
} else<br />
base = "/dev/";<br />
}<br />
<br />
</source><br />
Audio files<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ mkdir $ANDROID_SOURCE/system/core/rootdir/media <br />
$ mkdir $ANDROID_SOURCE/system/core/rootdir/media/audio <br />
$ mkdir $ANDROID_SOURCE/system/core/rootdir/media/audio/ui<br />
$ mkdir $ANDROID_SOURCE/system/core/rootdir/media/audio/alarms <br />
$ mkdir $ANDROID_SOURCE/system/core/rootdir/media/audio/notifications <br />
$ mkdir $ANDROID_SOURCE/system/core/rootdir/media/audio/ringtones <br />
$ cp $ANDROID_SOURCE/frameworks/base/data/sounds/effects/* $ANDROID_SOURCE/system/core/rootdir/media/audio/ui/ <br />
$ cp $ANDROID_SOURCE/frameworks/base/data/sounds/Alarm_* $ANDROID_SOURCE/system/core/rootdir/media/audio/alarms/<br />
$ cp $ANDROID_SOURCE/frameworks/base/data/sounds/notifications/* $ANDROID_SOURCE/system/core/rootdir/media/audio/notifications/<br />
$ cp $ANDROID_SOURCE/frameworks/base/data/sounds/Ring_* $ANDROID_SOURCE/system/core/rootdir/media/audio/ringtones/<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
===Touchscreen===<br />
{{Note| To do!!!}}<br />
====Change init.rc====<br />
Open $ANDROID_SOURCE/system/core/rootdir:<br />
<pre class="config"><br />
# create basic filesystem structure<br />
...<br />
# Touchscreen section<br />
export TSLIB_CONSOLEDEVICE=none<br />
export TSLIB_FBDEVICE=/dev/fb0<br />
export TSLIB_TSDEVICE=/dev/input/event1<br />
export TSLIB_CALIBFILE=/etc/pointercal<br />
export TSLIB_CONFFILE=/etc/ts.conf<br />
export TSLIB_PLUGINDIR=/lib/ts<br />
export LD_PRELOAD=/lib/libts.so:/lib/ts/pthres.so<br />
<br />
...<br />
on boot<br />
</pre><br />
===Android start up===<br />
====init.rc====<br />
Open $ANDROID_SOURCE/system/core/rootdir, comment the 'mount roofs' in read only mode and 'mount yaffs2' lines like this:<br />
<pre class="config"><br />
# setup the global environment<br />
export PATH /sbin:/system/sbin:/system/bin:/system/xbin<br />
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH /system/lib<br />
export ANDROID_BOOTLOGO 1<br />
export ANDROID_ROOT /system<br />
export ANDROID_ASSETS /system/app<br />
export ANDROID_DATA /data<br />
export EXTERNAL_STORAGE /sdcard<br />
export BOOTCLASSPATH /system/framework/core.jar:/system/framework/ext.jar:/system/framework/framework.jar:/system/framework/android.policy.jar:/system/framework/services.jar<br />
<br />
mount rootfs rootfs / rw remount<br />
<br />
# Backward compatibility<br />
symlink /system/etc /etc<br />
<br />
# create mountpoints and mount tmpfs on sqlite_stmt_journals<br />
mkdir /sdcard 0000 system system<br />
mkdir /system<br />
mkdir /data 0771 system system<br />
mkdir /cache 0770 system cache<br />
mkdir /sqlite_stmt_journals 01777 root root<br />
mount tmpfs tmpfs /sqlite_stmt_journals size=4m<br />
<br />
mount rootfs rootfs / ro remount<br />
<br />
write /proc/sys/kernel/panic_on_oops 1<br />
write /proc/sys/kernel/hung_task_timeout_secs 0<br />
write /proc/cpu/alignment 4<br />
write /proc/sys/kernel/sched_latency_ns 10000000<br />
write /proc/sys/kernel/sched_wakeup_granularity_ns 2000000<br />
<br />
# mount mtd partitions<br />
# Mount /system rw first to give the filesystem a chance to save a checkpoint<br />
# mount yaffs2 mtd@system /system <br />
# mount yaffs2 mtd@system /system ro remount<br />
<br />
setprop EXTERNAL_STORAGE_STATE mounted<br />
mount vfat /dev/block/mmcblk0p1 /sdcard nosuid nodev<br />
<br />
# We chown/chmod /data again so because mount is run as root + defaults<br />
mount ext2 /dev/block/mmcblk0p2 /data nosuid nodev<br />
chown system system /data<br />
chmod 0771 /data<br />
<br />
# Same reason as /data above<br />
# mount yaffs2 mtd@cache /cache nosuid nodev<br />
chown system cache /cache<br />
chmod 0770 /cache<br />
<br />
# This may have been created by the recovery system with odd permissions<br />
chown system system /cache/recovery<br />
chmod 0770 /cache/recovery<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
===Compile===<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ cd $ANDROID_SOURCE<br />
$ make<br />
</pre><br />
==Making RootFS==<br />
===Android Root File system===<br />
Android emulator has 3 basic images on tools/lib/images directory.<br />
* '''ramdisk.img''' is gziped cpio archive. ramdisk.img is a small partition image that is mounted read-only by the kernel at boot time. It only contains /init and a few config files. It is used to start init which will mount the rest of the system images properly and run the init procedure. A Ramdisk is a standard Linux feature. It is made just for the Android and do special things to start up the Android system.<br />
* '''system.img''' is a partition image that will be mounted as / and thus contains all system binaries.<br />
* '''userdata.img''' is a partition image that can be mounted as /data and thus contains all application-specific and user-specific data.<br />
<br />
===Create the Android root filesystem for apf27===<br />
Android’s root file system is generated in $ANDROID_SOURCE/out/target/product/generic. We will create a folder containing all Android files images. <br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ sudo rm -rf $ANDROID_SOURCE/rootfs/<br />
$ cd $ANDROID_SOURCE/out/target/product/generic<br />
$ mkdir $ANDROID_SOURCE/rootfs<br />
$ cp -a root/* $ANDROID_SOURCE/rootfs/<br />
$ cp -a system/* $ANDROID_SOURCE/rootfs/system/<br />
$ cd $ANDROID_SOURCE/rootfs<br />
$ sudo chown -R root.root .<br />
$ sudo chmod -R a+rwX data system<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
===JFFS2 Root file system===<br />
Actually, Android should use a file system how support mmap function like yaffs2, ext2 or ubifs. Unfortunaly, U-Boot support only jffs2 or ext2. So we will use ext2 on a µSD for data.<br />
====Prepare the MMC/µSD card====<br />
We will create two partitions on our mmc/µSD card, The first one will use for Android memory card, the second one will use for Android file system.<br />
First connect your card reader to your workstation, with the mmc/µSD card inside. Type the '''dmesg''' command to see which device is used by your workstation. Let’s assume that this device is '''/dev/sdb'''<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ dmesg<br />
...<br />
[ 9145.613954] sdb: sdb1 sdb2<br />
[ 9145.615125] sd 10:0:0:0: [sdc] Attached SCSI removable disk<br />
[ 9145.615258] sd 10:0:0:0: Attached scsi generic sg3 type 0<br />
</pre><br />
Type the mount command to check your currently mounted partitions. If MMC/SD partitions are mounted, unmount them.<br><br />
In a terminal edit partitions with fdisk:<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
sudo fdisk /dev/sdb<br />
</pre><br />
Delete any existing partition with the d command.<br><br />
Now, create the boot partition:<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
Command (m for help): n<br />
Command action<br />
e extended<br />
p primary partition (1-4)<br />
p<br />
Partition number (1-4): 1<br />
First cylinder (1-495, default 1): 1<br />
Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (1-239, default 239): +1G<br />
</pre><br />
Change its type to FAT32:<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
Command (m for help): t<br />
Selected partition 1<br />
Hex code (type L to list codes): c<br />
Changed system type of partition 1 to c (W95 FAT32 (LBA))<br />
</pre><br />
Using the n command again, create a second partition filling up the rest of your card (just accept default values).<br><br />
Now, format the partitions in your card:<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
sudo mkfs.vfat -n MemoryCard -F 32 /dev/sdb1<br />
sudo mkfs.ext2 -L data /dev/sdb2<br />
</pre><br />
====Boot setup====<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ sudo mkfs.jffs2 -r -e 0x20000 --pad=0x700000 -n $ANDROID_SOURCE/rootfs -o $TFTPBOOT/apf27-rootfs.arm.jffs2<br />
</pre><br />
The last thing left to do is to specify how the board boots Linux.<br><br />
In the U-boot prompt, make the mmc boot is on second partition of the mmc/µSD card<br />
<pre class="apf"> <br />
# setenv addjffsargs 'setenv bootargs ${bootargs} root=/dev/mtdblock4 rootfstype=jffs2 init=/init androidboot.console=ttyS0'<br />
# setenv bootcmd run mmcboot<br />
# saveenv<br />
# run update_kernel<br />
# run update_rootfs<br />
</pre><br />
===Root file system on APF27 NAND memory===<br />
{{Note| wait the UBIFS integration in the u-boot loader}}<br />
====Boot setup====<br />
The last thing left to do is to specify how the board boots Linux. In the U-boot prompt, make the UBIFS boot.<br />
<pre class="apf"> <br />
# setenv addubifsargs 'setenv bootargs ${bootargs} root=/dev/mtdblock4 rootfstype=ubifs init=\init androidboot.console=ttyS0'<br />
# setenv ubifsboot 'setenv bootargs ${console} ${mtdparts};run addubifsargs addipargs; setenv autostart yes;nboot.ubifs A0000000 0 ${kernel_offset}'<br />
# setenv bootcmd run ubifsboot<br />
# saveenv<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
[[Image:Apf27_android.JPG]]<br />
<br />
==Debug 'n Test==<br />
===Trace on the console===<br />
Trace with '''strace'''<br />
<pre class="apf"> <br />
# mount /dev/mmcblk0p2 /mnt/mmc<br />
# strace chroot /mnt/mmc /init androidboot.console=ttyS0<br />
</pre><br />
Trave with '''logcat'''<br />
<pre class="apf"> <br />
# mount /dev/mmcblk0p2 /mnt/mmc<br />
# chroot /mnt/mmc /init androidboot.console=ttyS0 &<br />
# chroot /mnt/mmc /system/bin/logcat<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
===Test with Android emulator===<br />
Documentation on Android [http://developer.android.com/guide/developing/tools/emulator.html emulator]<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ cd $ANDROID_SOURCE/kernel<br />
$ make ARCH=arm goldfish_defconfig<br />
$ make ARCH=arm CROSS_COMPILE=$ANDROID_SOURCE/prebuilt/linux-x86/toolchain/arm-eabi-4.2.1/bin/arm-eabi<br />
# Create AVD (Android Virtual Device)<br />
$ $ANDROID_SDK/tools/android create avd -n APF27-H -t 2 -s 272x480<br />
$ $ANDROID_SDK/tools/android create avd -n APF27-L -t 2 -s 480x272<br />
$ $ANDROID_SOURCE/out/host/linux-x86/bin/emulator -avd APF27-H -sysdir $ANDROID_SOURCE/out/target/product/generic/ -kernel $ANDROID_SOURCE/kernel/arch/arm/boot/zImage -data $ANDROID_SOURCE/out/target/product/generic/userdata.img -ramdisk $ANDROID_SOURCE/out/target/product/generic/ramdisk.img -system $ANDROID_SOURCE/out/target/product/generic/system.img<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
==Links==<br />
* [http://elinux.org/Android Android page on elinux.org]<br />
** [http://elinux.org/Android_on_OMAP Android on OMAP portage page on elinux.org]<br />
* [http://wiki.openmoko.org/wiki/Android Android on OpenMoko]<br />
* http://wiki.kldp.org/wiki.php/AndroidPortingOnRealTarget</div>NicolasDhttp://armadeus.org/wiki/index.php?title=Android&diff=7344Android2009-09-14T13:27:21Z<p>NicolasD: /* Touchscreen kernel configuration (2.6.29) */</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Under_Construction}}<br />
<br />
[[Image:Android-logo.png]]<br />
<br />
This page will sumarize the efforts made to have Android running on the APF boards.<br />
<br />
{{Note| Due to Android requirements (at least an ARM926 core), it is impossible to have it running on the APF9328}}<br />
<br />
==Some readings before starting==<br />
* http://developer.android.com/guide/basics/what-is-android.html<br />
<br />
==Prerequisites for Android installation==<br />
===Install needed software packages===<br />
* Install these package for build the kernel image and for format the mmc/µSD card<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ sudo apt-get install uboot-mkimage mtd-utils<br />
</pre><br />
* The Armadeus [[Toolchain]], only for Armadeus patches<br />
<br />
===Update the environment variables===<br />
Theses environment variables install the Android and Armadeus folder in our home directory, but of course, it can be placed anywhere!<br />
<pre class="config"><br />
export ANDROID_SOURCE=~/apf27droid<br />
export ANDROID_SDK=~/android-sdk-linux_x86-1.5_r3<br />
export ARMADEUS=~/armadeus-3.1<br />
export PATH=${PATH}:${ANDROID_SDK}/tools:${ANDROID_SOURCE}/bin<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
===Download Android source===<br />
The [http://source.android.com/download getting Android source] document describes how to set up our local work environment. <br />
Follow theses instructions until '''Installing Repo''' chapter.<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ mkdir $ANDROID_SOURCE<br />
$ cd $ANDROID_SOURCE<br />
$ mkdir bin<br />
$ curl http://android.git.kernel.org/repo >$ANDROID_SOURCE/bin/repo<br />
$ chmod a+x $ANDROID_SOURCE/bin/repo<br />
$ repo init -u git://android.git.kernel.org/platform/manifest.git -b android-sdk-1.5_r3<br />
$ repo sync<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
Since android-sdk-1.5_r3 branch, the Linux kernel isn't with the Android source, <br />
We can download it in a compress archive (tar.gz) file with this [http://android.git.kernel.org/?p=kernel/common.git;a=snapshot;h=refs/heads/android-2.6.29;sf=tgz android-kernel-2.6.29] (about (70Mib) or with git repository (more 300Mib)<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ mkdir $ANDROID_SOURCE/kernel<br />
$ cd $ANDROID_SOURCE/kernel<br />
$ git clone git://android.git.kernel.org/kernel/common.git android-2.6.29<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
==Linux Kernel 2.6.29==<br />
===Apply the Armadeus patchset===<br />
Before compiling the kernel, we patch the source with the Armadeus patches. In second time, I will give the URL to retrieve Linux 2.6.29.4 patch.<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ $ARMADEUS/buildroot/toolchain/patch-kernel.sh $ANDROID_SOURCE/kernel $ARMADEUS/downloads patch-2.6.29.4.bz2<br />
$ $ARMADEUS/buildroot/toolchain/patch-kernel.sh $ANDROID_SOURCE/kernel $ARMADEUS/buildroot/target/device/armadeus/linux/kernel-patches/2.6.29.4 \*.patch{,.gz,.bz2}<br />
$ mkdir $ANDROID_SOURCE/kernel/drivers/armadeus<br />
$ cp -r $ARMADEUS/target/linux/modules/* $ANDROID_SOURCE/kernel/drivers/armadeus<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
===Android kernel configuration (2.6.29)===<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ cp $ARMADEUS/buildroot/target/device/armadeus/apf27/apf27-linux-2.6.29.config $ANDROID_SOURCE/kernel/arch/arm/configs/apf27_android_defconfig<br />
$ cd $ANDROID_SOURCE/kernel<br />
$ make ARCH=arm mrproper<br />
$ make ARCH=arm apf27_android_defconfig<br />
$ make ARCH=arm menuconfig<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
Make sure your kernel boots normally on your board. Then enable some Android specific configuration and make sure that your kernel still boots (with your standard file system).<br />
*Android pmem allocator<br />
<pre class="config"><br />
Device Drivers ---><br />
[*] Misc devices ---><br />
[*] Android pmem allocator<br />
</pre><br />
* Android drivers<br />
<pre class="config"><br />
Device Drivers ---><br />
[*] Staging drivers ---> <br />
[ ] Exclude Staging drivers from being built (NEW)<br />
...<br />
Android ---><br />
[*] Android Drivers<br />
[*] Android Binder IPC Driver<br />
<*> Android log driver <br />
[ ] Android RAM buffer console<br />
[*] Timed output class driver (NEW)<br />
< > Android timed gpio driver (NEW)<br />
[*] Android Low Memory Killer <br />
</pre><br />
* Anonymous Shared Memory Subsystem<br />
<pre class="config"><br />
General setup ---><br />
[*] Enable the Anonymous Shared Memory Subsystem<br />
</pre><br />
===UBIFS kernel configuration (2.6.29)===<br />
<pre class="config"><br />
Device Drivers ---><br />
<*> Memory Technology Device (MTD) support ---><br />
UBI - Unsorted block images ---> <br />
<*> Enable UBI<br />
(4096) UBI wear-leveling threshold <br />
(1) Percentage of reserved eraseblocks for bad eraseblocks handling<br />
[ ] Emulate MTD devices<br />
*** UBI debugging options ***<br />
[ ] UBI debugging <br />
...<br />
File systems ---><br />
[*] Miscellaneous filesystems ---><br />
<*> UBIFS file system support<br />
[ ] Extended attributes support <br />
[ ] Advanced compression options<br />
[ ] Enable debugging<br />
</pre><br />
===Touchscreen kernel configuration (2.6.29)===<br />
<pre class="config"><br />
Device Drivers ---><br />
Input device support ---><br />
[*] Touchscreens ---><br />
<*> TSC 2102 based touchscreens<br />
...<br />
<*> Hardware Monitoring support ---><br />
</pre><br />
<br />
===Build Android kernel===<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ make ARCH=arm CROSS_COMPILE=$ANDROID_SOURCE/prebuilt/linux-x86/toolchain/arm-eabi-4.2.1/bin/arm-eabi- uImage<br />
$ cp $ANDROID_SOURCE/kernel/arch/arm/boot/uImage $TFTPBOOT/apf27-linux.bin<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
==Android==<br />
===Battery patch===<br />
At the beginning, reboot happened over again even though Android logo appeared on board.<br />
Result of investigation, we found that battery power was returned with 0 when boot.. Then, we changed to notify full battery to Android by ignoring the information under '''/sys/class/power_supply''' so that to prevent the power down by low battery '''$ANDROID_SOURCE/frameworks/base/services/jni/com_android_server_BatteryService.cpp'''<br />
*Change the battery service status as TRUE<br />
<source lang="c"><br />
static void setBooleanField(JNIEnv* env, jobject obj, const char* path, jfieldID fieldID)<br />
{<br />
const int SIZE = 16;<br />
char buf[SIZE];<br />
<br />
jboolean value = true; /* change false -> true */<br />
/*!!!comment out!!!<br />
if (readFromFile(path, buf, SIZE) > 0) {<br />
if (buf[0] == '1') {<br />
value = true;<br />
}<br />
}<br />
*/<br />
env->SetBooleanField(obj, fieldID, value);<br />
}<br />
</source><br />
*Change the volume, voltage and temperature of battery. Return 100%.<br />
<source lang="c"><br />
static void setIntField(JNIEnv* env, jobject obj, const char* path, jfieldID fieldID)<br />
{<br />
const int SIZE = 128;<br />
char buf[SIZE];<br />
<br />
jint value = 100; /* change 0 -> 100 */<br />
/*!!!comment out!!!<br />
if (readFromFile(path, buf, SIZE) > 0) {<br />
value = atoi(buf);<br />
}<br />
*/<br />
env->SetIntField(obj, fieldID, value);<br />
}<br />
</source><br />
*Change the battery charged status as full and deterioration status as fair.<br />
<source lang="c"><br />
static void android_server_BatteryService_update(JNIEnv* env, jobject obj)<br />
{<br />
setBooleanField(env, obj, AC_ONLINE_PATH, gFieldIds.mAcOnline);<br />
setBooleanField(env, obj, USB_ONLINE_PATH, gFieldIds.mUsbOnline);<br />
setBooleanField(env, obj, BATTERY_PRESENT_PATH, gFieldIds.mBatteryPresent);<br />
<br />
setIntField(env, obj, BATTERY_CAPACITY_PATH, gFieldIds.mBatteryLevel);<br />
setIntField(env, obj, BATTERY_VOLTAGE_PATH, gFieldIds.mBatteryVoltage);<br />
setIntField(env, obj, BATTERY_TEMPERATURE_PATH, gFieldIds.mBatteryTemperature);<br />
<br />
/* Change */<br />
env->SetIntField(obj, gFieldIds.mBatteryStatus, gConstants.statusFull);<br />
env->SetIntField(obj, gFieldIds.mBatteryHealth, gConstants.healthGood);<br />
env->SetObjectField(obj, gFieldIds.mBatteryTechnology, env->NewStringUTF("1"));<br />
<br />
/*!!!comment out!!!<br />
const int SIZE = 128;<br />
char buf[SIZE];<br />
<br />
if (readFromFile(BATTERY_STATUS_PATH, buf, SIZE) > 0)<br />
env->SetIntField(obj, gFieldIds.mBatteryStatus, getBatteryStatus(buf));<br />
<br />
if (readFromFile(BATTERY_HEALTH_PATH, buf, SIZE) > 0)<br />
env->SetIntField(obj, gFieldIds.mBatteryHealth, getBatteryHealth(buf));<br />
<br />
if (readFromFile(BATTERY_TECHNOLOGY_PATH, buf, SIZE) > 0)<br />
env->SetObjectField(obj, gFieldIds.mBatteryTechnology, env->NewStringUTF(buf));<br />
*/<br />
}<br />
</source><br />
<br />
===Audio===<br />
{{Note| Still compilation error}}<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
cd $ANDROID_SOURCE/external <br />
git clone git://android.git.kernel.org/platform/external/alsa‐lib.git<br />
git clone git://android.git.kernel.org/platform/external/alsa‐utils.git<br />
cd $ANDROID_SOURCE/hardware <br />
git clone git://android.git.kernel.org/platform/hardware/alsa_sound.git <br />
</pre><br />
edit $ANDROID_SOURCE/build/target/board/generic/BoardConfig.mk <br />
<pre class="config"> <br />
# HAVE_HTC_AUDIO_DRIVER := true<br />
# BOARD_USES_GENERIC_AUDIO := true<br />
BOARD_USES_ALSA_AUDIO := true<br />
BUILD_WITH_ALSA_UTILS := true<br />
</pre><br />
edit $ANDROID_SOURCE/hardware/alsa_sound/AudioHardwareALSA.cpp and change bufferSize to 8192 in twice StreamDefaults structures <br><br />
edit $ANDROID_SOURCE/system/core/init/device.c<br />
<source lang="c"><br />
static struct perms_ devperms[] = {<br />
{ "/dev/null", 0666, AID_ROOT, AID_ROOT, 0 },<br />
...<br />
{ "/dev/qmi1", 0640, AID_RADIO, AID_RADIO, 0 },<br />
{ "/dev/qmi2", 0640, AID_RADIO, AID_RADIO, 0 },<br />
// Add this line<br />
{ "/dev/snd/", 0664, AID_SYSTEM, AID_AUDIO, 1 },<br />
{ NULL, 0, 0, 0, 0 },<br />
};<br />
</source><br />
<source lang="c"><br />
static void handle_device_event(struct uevent *uevent)<br />
{<br />
char devpath[96];<br />
char *base, *name;<br />
int block;<br />
...<br />
} else if(!strncmp(uevent->subsystem, "mtd", 3)) {<br />
base = "/dev/mtd/";<br />
mkdir(base, 0755);<br />
// add this conditionnal block<br />
} else if(!strncmp(uevent->subsystem, "sound", 5)) {<br />
base = "/dev/snd/";<br />
mkdir(base, 0755);<br />
} else if(!strncmp(uevent->subsystem, "misc", 4) &&<br />
!strncmp(name, "log_", 4)) {<br />
base = "/dev/log/";<br />
mkdir(base, 0755);<br />
name += 4;<br />
} else<br />
base = "/dev/";<br />
}<br />
<br />
</source><br />
Audio files<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ mkdir $ANDROID_SOURCE/system/core/rootdir/media <br />
$ mkdir $ANDROID_SOURCE/system/core/rootdir/media/audio <br />
$ mkdir $ANDROID_SOURCE/system/core/rootdir/media/audio/ui<br />
$ mkdir $ANDROID_SOURCE/system/core/rootdir/media/audio/alarms <br />
$ mkdir $ANDROID_SOURCE/system/core/rootdir/media/audio/notifications <br />
$ mkdir $ANDROID_SOURCE/system/core/rootdir/media/audio/ringtones <br />
$ cp $ANDROID_SOURCE/frameworks/base/data/sounds/effects/* $ANDROID_SOURCE/system/core/rootdir/media/audio/ui/ <br />
$ cp $ANDROID_SOURCE/frameworks/base/data/sounds/Alarm_* $ANDROID_SOURCE/system/core/rootdir/media/audio/alarms/<br />
$ cp $ANDROID_SOURCE/frameworks/base/data/sounds/notifications/* $ANDROID_SOURCE/system/core/rootdir/media/audio/notifications/<br />
$ cp $ANDROID_SOURCE/frameworks/base/data/sounds/Ring_* $ANDROID_SOURCE/system/core/rootdir/media/audio/ringtones/<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
===Touchscreen===<br />
{{Note| To do!!!}}<br />
====Change init.rc====<br />
Open $ANDROID_SOURCE/system/core/rootdir:<br />
<pre class="config"><br />
# create basic filesystem structure<br />
...<br />
# Touchscreen section<br />
export TSLIB_CONSOLEDEVICE=none<br />
export TSLIB_FBDEVICE=/dev/fb0<br />
export TSLIB_TSDEVICE=/dev/input/event1<br />
export TSLIB_CALIBFILE=/etc/pointercal<br />
export TSLIB_CONFFILE=/etc/ts.conf<br />
export TSLIB_PLUGINDIR=/lib/ts<br />
export LD_PRELOAD=/lib/libts.so:/lib/ts/pthres.so<br />
<br />
...<br />
on boot<br />
</pre><br />
===Android start up===<br />
====init.rc====<br />
Open $ANDROID_SOURCE/system/core/rootdir, comment the 'mount roofs' in read only mode and 'mount yaffs2' lines like this:<br />
<pre class="config"><br />
# setup the global environment<br />
export PATH /sbin:/system/sbin:/system/bin:/system/xbin<br />
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH /system/lib<br />
export ANDROID_BOOTLOGO 1<br />
export ANDROID_ROOT /system<br />
export ANDROID_ASSETS /system/app<br />
export ANDROID_DATA /data<br />
export EXTERNAL_STORAGE /sdcard<br />
export BOOTCLASSPATH /system/framework/core.jar:/system/framework/ext.jar:/system/framework/framework.jar:/system/framework/android.policy.jar:/system/framework/services.jar<br />
<br />
mount rootfs rootfs / rw remount<br />
<br />
# Backward compatibility<br />
symlink /system/etc /etc<br />
<br />
# create mountpoints and mount tmpfs on sqlite_stmt_journals<br />
mkdir /sdcard 0000 system system<br />
mkdir /system<br />
mkdir /data 0771 system system<br />
mkdir /cache 0770 system cache<br />
mkdir /sqlite_stmt_journals 01777 root root<br />
mount tmpfs tmpfs /sqlite_stmt_journals size=4m<br />
<br />
mount rootfs rootfs / ro remount<br />
<br />
write /proc/sys/kernel/panic_on_oops 1<br />
write /proc/sys/kernel/hung_task_timeout_secs 0<br />
write /proc/cpu/alignment 4<br />
write /proc/sys/kernel/sched_latency_ns 10000000<br />
write /proc/sys/kernel/sched_wakeup_granularity_ns 2000000<br />
<br />
# mount mtd partitions<br />
# Mount /system rw first to give the filesystem a chance to save a checkpoint<br />
# mount yaffs2 mtd@system /system <br />
# mount yaffs2 mtd@system /system ro remount<br />
<br />
setprop EXTERNAL_STORAGE_STATE mounted<br />
mount vfat /dev/block/mmcblk0p1 /sdcard nosuid nodev<br />
<br />
# We chown/chmod /data again so because mount is run as root + defaults<br />
mount ext2 /dev/block/mmcblk0p2 /data nosuid nodev<br />
chown system system /data<br />
chmod 0771 /data<br />
<br />
# Same reason as /data above<br />
# mount yaffs2 mtd@cache /cache nosuid nodev<br />
chown system cache /cache<br />
chmod 0770 /cache<br />
<br />
# This may have been created by the recovery system with odd permissions<br />
chown system system /cache/recovery<br />
chmod 0770 /cache/recovery<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
===Compile===<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ cd $ANDROID_SOURCE<br />
$ make<br />
</pre><br />
==Making RootFS==<br />
===Android Root File system===<br />
Android emulator has 3 basic images on tools/lib/images directory.<br />
* '''ramdisk.img''' is gziped cpio archive. ramdisk.img is a small partition image that is mounted read-only by the kernel at boot time. It only contains /init and a few config files. It is used to start init which will mount the rest of the system images properly and run the init procedure. A Ramdisk is a standard Linux feature. It is made just for the Android and do special things to start up the Android system.<br />
* '''system.img''' is a partition image that will be mounted as / and thus contains all system binaries.<br />
* '''userdata.img''' is a partition image that can be mounted as /data and thus contains all application-specific and user-specific data.<br />
<br />
===Create the Android root filesystem for apf27===<br />
Android’s root file system is generated in $ANDROID_SOURCE/out/target/product/generic. We will create a folder containing all Android files images. <br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ sudo rm -rf $ANDROID_SOURCE/rootfs/<br />
$ cd $ANDROID_SOURCE/out/target/product/generic<br />
$ mkdir $ANDROID_SOURCE/rootfs<br />
$ cp -a root/* $ANDROID_SOURCE/rootfs/<br />
$ cp -a system/* $ANDROID_SOURCE/rootfs/system/<br />
$ cd $ANDROID_SOURCE/rootfs<br />
$ sudo chown -R root.root .<br />
$ sudo chmod -R a+rwX data system<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
===JFFS2 Root file system===<br />
Actually, Android should use a file system how support mmap function like yaffs2, ext2 or ubifs. Unfortunaly, U-Boot support only jffs2 or ext2. So we will use ext2 on a µSD for data.<br />
====Prepare the MMC/µSD card====<br />
We will create two partitions on our mmc/µSD card, The first one will use for Android memory card, the second one will use for Android file system.<br />
First connect your card reader to your workstation, with the mmc/µSD card inside. Type the '''dmesg''' command to see which device is used by your workstation. Let’s assume that this device is '''/dev/sdb'''<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ dmesg<br />
...<br />
[ 9145.613954] sdb: sdb1 sdb2<br />
[ 9145.615125] sd 10:0:0:0: [sdc] Attached SCSI removable disk<br />
[ 9145.615258] sd 10:0:0:0: Attached scsi generic sg3 type 0<br />
</pre><br />
Type the mount command to check your currently mounted partitions. If MMC/SD partitions are mounted, unmount them.<br><br />
In a terminal edit partitions with fdisk:<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
sudo fdisk /dev/sdb<br />
</pre><br />
Delete any existing partition with the d command.<br><br />
Now, create the boot partition:<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
Command (m for help): n<br />
Command action<br />
e extended<br />
p primary partition (1-4)<br />
p<br />
Partition number (1-4): 1<br />
First cylinder (1-495, default 1): 1<br />
Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (1-239, default 239): +1G<br />
</pre><br />
Change its type to FAT32:<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
Command (m for help): t<br />
Selected partition 1<br />
Hex code (type L to list codes): c<br />
Changed system type of partition 1 to c (W95 FAT32 (LBA))<br />
</pre><br />
Using the n command again, create a second partition filling up the rest of your card (just accept default values).<br><br />
Now, format the partitions in your card:<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
sudo mkfs.vfat -n MemoryCard -F 32 /dev/sdb1<br />
sudo mkfs.ext2 -L data /dev/sdb2<br />
</pre><br />
====Boot setup====<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ sudo mkfs.jffs2 -r -e 0x20000 --pad=0x700000 -n $ANDROID_SOURCE/rootfs -o $TFTPBOOT/apf27-rootfs.arm.jffs2<br />
</pre><br />
The last thing left to do is to specify how the board boots Linux.<br><br />
In the U-boot prompt, make the mmc boot is on second partition of the mmc/µSD card<br />
<pre class="apf"> <br />
# setenv addjffsargs 'setenv bootargs ${bootargs} root=/dev/mtdblock4 rootfstype=jffs2 init=/init androidboot.console=ttyS0'<br />
# setenv bootcmd run mmcboot<br />
# saveenv<br />
# run update_kernel<br />
# run update_rootfs<br />
</pre><br />
===Root file system on APF27 NAND memory===<br />
{{Note| wait the UBIFS integration in the u-boot loader}}<br />
====Boot setup====<br />
The last thing left to do is to specify how the board boots Linux. In the U-boot prompt, make the UBIFS boot.<br />
<pre class="apf"> <br />
# setenv addubifsargs 'setenv bootargs ${bootargs} root=/dev/mtdblock4 rootfstype=ubifs init=\init androidboot.console=ttyS0'<br />
# setenv ubifsboot 'setenv bootargs ${console} ${mtdparts};run addubifsargs addipargs; setenv autostart yes;nboot.ubifs A0000000 0 ${kernel_offset}'<br />
# setenv bootcmd run ubifsboot<br />
# saveenv<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
[[Image:Apf27_android.JPG]]<br />
<br />
==Debug 'n Test==<br />
===Trace on the console===<br />
Trace with '''strace'''<br />
<pre class="apf"> <br />
# mount /dev/mmcblk0p2 /mnt/mmc<br />
# strace chroot /mnt/mmc /init androidboot.console=ttyS0<br />
</pre><br />
Trave with '''logcat'''<br />
<pre class="apf"> <br />
# mount /dev/mmcblk0p2 /mnt/mmc<br />
# chroot /mnt/mmc /init androidboot.console=ttyS0 &<br />
# chroot /mnt/mmc /system/bin/logcat<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
===Test with Android emulator===<br />
Documentation on Android [http://developer.android.com/guide/developing/tools/emulator.html emulator]<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ cd $ANDROID_SOURCE/kernel<br />
$ make ARCH=arm goldfish_defconfig<br />
$ make ARCH=arm CROSS_COMPILE=$ANDROID_SOURCE/prebuilt/linux-x86/toolchain/arm-eabi-4.2.1/bin/arm-eabi<br />
# Create AVD (Android Virtual Device)<br />
$ $ANDROID_SDK/tools/android create avd -n APF27-H -t 2 -s 272x480<br />
$ $ANDROID_SDK/tools/android create avd -n APF27-L -t 2 -s 480x272<br />
$ $ANDROID_SOURCE/out/host/linux-x86/bin/emulator -avd APF27-H -sysdir $ANDROID_SOURCE/out/target/product/generic/ -kernel $ANDROID_SOURCE/kernel/arch/arm/boot/zImage -data $ANDROID_SOURCE/out/target/product/generic/userdata.img -ramdisk $ANDROID_SOURCE/out/target/product/generic/ramdisk.img -system $ANDROID_SOURCE/out/target/product/generic/system.img<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
==Links==<br />
* [http://elinux.org/Android Android page on elinux.org]<br />
** [http://elinux.org/Android_on_OMAP Android on OMAP portage page on elinux.org]<br />
* [http://wiki.openmoko.org/wiki/Android Android on OpenMoko]<br />
* http://wiki.kldp.org/wiki.php/AndroidPortingOnRealTarget</div>NicolasDhttp://armadeus.org/wiki/index.php?title=Android&diff=7343Android2009-09-13T14:03:29Z<p>NicolasD: /* Audio */</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Under_Construction}}<br />
<br />
[[Image:Android-logo.png]]<br />
<br />
This page will sumarize the efforts made to have Android running on the APF boards.<br />
<br />
{{Note| Due to Android requirements (at least an ARM926 core), it is impossible to have it running on the APF9328}}<br />
<br />
==Some readings before starting==<br />
* http://developer.android.com/guide/basics/what-is-android.html<br />
<br />
==Prerequisites for Android installation==<br />
===Install needed software packages===<br />
* Install these package for build the kernel image and for format the mmc/µSD card<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ sudo apt-get install uboot-mkimage mtd-utils<br />
</pre><br />
* The Armadeus [[Toolchain]], only for Armadeus patches<br />
<br />
===Update the environment variables===<br />
Theses environment variables install the Android and Armadeus folder in our home directory, but of course, it can be placed anywhere!<br />
<pre class="config"><br />
export ANDROID_SOURCE=~/apf27droid<br />
export ANDROID_SDK=~/android-sdk-linux_x86-1.5_r3<br />
export ARMADEUS=~/armadeus-3.1<br />
export PATH=${PATH}:${ANDROID_SDK}/tools:${ANDROID_SOURCE}/bin<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
===Download Android source===<br />
The [http://source.android.com/download getting Android source] document describes how to set up our local work environment. <br />
Follow theses instructions until '''Installing Repo''' chapter.<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ mkdir $ANDROID_SOURCE<br />
$ cd $ANDROID_SOURCE<br />
$ mkdir bin<br />
$ curl http://android.git.kernel.org/repo >$ANDROID_SOURCE/bin/repo<br />
$ chmod a+x $ANDROID_SOURCE/bin/repo<br />
$ repo init -u git://android.git.kernel.org/platform/manifest.git -b android-sdk-1.5_r3<br />
$ repo sync<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
Since android-sdk-1.5_r3 branch, the Linux kernel isn't with the Android source, <br />
We can download it in a compress archive (tar.gz) file with this [http://android.git.kernel.org/?p=kernel/common.git;a=snapshot;h=refs/heads/android-2.6.29;sf=tgz android-kernel-2.6.29] (about (70Mib) or with git repository (more 300Mib)<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ mkdir $ANDROID_SOURCE/kernel<br />
$ cd $ANDROID_SOURCE/kernel<br />
$ git clone git://android.git.kernel.org/kernel/common.git android-2.6.29<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
==Linux Kernel 2.6.29==<br />
===Apply the Armadeus patchset===<br />
Before compiling the kernel, we patch the source with the Armadeus patches. In second time, I will give the URL to retrieve Linux 2.6.29.4 patch.<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ $ARMADEUS/buildroot/toolchain/patch-kernel.sh $ANDROID_SOURCE/kernel $ARMADEUS/downloads patch-2.6.29.4.bz2<br />
$ $ARMADEUS/buildroot/toolchain/patch-kernel.sh $ANDROID_SOURCE/kernel $ARMADEUS/buildroot/target/device/armadeus/linux/kernel-patches/2.6.29.4 \*.patch{,.gz,.bz2}<br />
$ mkdir $ANDROID_SOURCE/kernel/drivers/armadeus<br />
$ cp -r $ARMADEUS/target/linux/modules/* $ANDROID_SOURCE/kernel/drivers/armadeus<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
===Android kernel configuration (2.6.29)===<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ cp $ARMADEUS/buildroot/target/device/armadeus/apf27/apf27-linux-2.6.29.config $ANDROID_SOURCE/kernel/arch/arm/configs/apf27_android_defconfig<br />
$ cd $ANDROID_SOURCE/kernel<br />
$ make ARCH=arm mrproper<br />
$ make ARCH=arm apf27_android_defconfig<br />
$ make ARCH=arm menuconfig<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
Make sure your kernel boots normally on your board. Then enable some Android specific configuration and make sure that your kernel still boots (with your standard file system).<br />
*Android pmem allocator<br />
<pre class="config"><br />
Device Drivers ---><br />
[*] Misc devices ---><br />
[*] Android pmem allocator<br />
</pre><br />
* Android drivers<br />
<pre class="config"><br />
Device Drivers ---><br />
[*] Staging drivers ---> <br />
[ ] Exclude Staging drivers from being built (NEW)<br />
...<br />
Android ---><br />
[*] Android Drivers<br />
[*] Android Binder IPC Driver<br />
<*> Android log driver <br />
[ ] Android RAM buffer console<br />
[*] Timed output class driver (NEW)<br />
< > Android timed gpio driver (NEW)<br />
[*] Android Low Memory Killer <br />
</pre><br />
* Anonymous Shared Memory Subsystem<br />
<pre class="config"><br />
General setup ---><br />
[*] Enable the Anonymous Shared Memory Subsystem<br />
</pre><br />
===UBIFS kernel configuration (2.6.29)===<br />
<pre class="config"><br />
Device Drivers ---><br />
<*> Memory Technology Device (MTD) support ---><br />
UBI - Unsorted block images ---> <br />
<*> Enable UBI<br />
(4096) UBI wear-leveling threshold <br />
(1) Percentage of reserved eraseblocks for bad eraseblocks handling<br />
[ ] Emulate MTD devices<br />
*** UBI debugging options ***<br />
[ ] UBI debugging <br />
...<br />
File systems ---><br />
[*] Miscellaneous filesystems ---><br />
<*> UBIFS file system support<br />
[ ] Extended attributes support <br />
[ ] Advanced compression options<br />
[ ] Enable debugging<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
===Build Android kernel===<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ make ARCH=arm CROSS_COMPILE=$ANDROID_SOURCE/prebuilt/linux-x86/toolchain/arm-eabi-4.2.1/bin/arm-eabi- uImage<br />
$ cp $ANDROID_SOURCE/kernel/arch/arm/boot/uImage $TFTPBOOT/apf27-linux.bin<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
==Android==<br />
===Battery patch===<br />
At the beginning, reboot happened over again even though Android logo appeared on board.<br />
Result of investigation, we found that battery power was returned with 0 when boot.. Then, we changed to notify full battery to Android by ignoring the information under '''/sys/class/power_supply''' so that to prevent the power down by low battery '''$ANDROID_SOURCE/frameworks/base/services/jni/com_android_server_BatteryService.cpp'''<br />
*Change the battery service status as TRUE<br />
<source lang="c"><br />
static void setBooleanField(JNIEnv* env, jobject obj, const char* path, jfieldID fieldID)<br />
{<br />
const int SIZE = 16;<br />
char buf[SIZE];<br />
<br />
jboolean value = true; /* change false -> true */<br />
/*!!!comment out!!!<br />
if (readFromFile(path, buf, SIZE) > 0) {<br />
if (buf[0] == '1') {<br />
value = true;<br />
}<br />
}<br />
*/<br />
env->SetBooleanField(obj, fieldID, value);<br />
}<br />
</source><br />
*Change the volume, voltage and temperature of battery. Return 100%.<br />
<source lang="c"><br />
static void setIntField(JNIEnv* env, jobject obj, const char* path, jfieldID fieldID)<br />
{<br />
const int SIZE = 128;<br />
char buf[SIZE];<br />
<br />
jint value = 100; /* change 0 -> 100 */<br />
/*!!!comment out!!!<br />
if (readFromFile(path, buf, SIZE) > 0) {<br />
value = atoi(buf);<br />
}<br />
*/<br />
env->SetIntField(obj, fieldID, value);<br />
}<br />
</source><br />
*Change the battery charged status as full and deterioration status as fair.<br />
<source lang="c"><br />
static void android_server_BatteryService_update(JNIEnv* env, jobject obj)<br />
{<br />
setBooleanField(env, obj, AC_ONLINE_PATH, gFieldIds.mAcOnline);<br />
setBooleanField(env, obj, USB_ONLINE_PATH, gFieldIds.mUsbOnline);<br />
setBooleanField(env, obj, BATTERY_PRESENT_PATH, gFieldIds.mBatteryPresent);<br />
<br />
setIntField(env, obj, BATTERY_CAPACITY_PATH, gFieldIds.mBatteryLevel);<br />
setIntField(env, obj, BATTERY_VOLTAGE_PATH, gFieldIds.mBatteryVoltage);<br />
setIntField(env, obj, BATTERY_TEMPERATURE_PATH, gFieldIds.mBatteryTemperature);<br />
<br />
/* Change */<br />
env->SetIntField(obj, gFieldIds.mBatteryStatus, gConstants.statusFull);<br />
env->SetIntField(obj, gFieldIds.mBatteryHealth, gConstants.healthGood);<br />
env->SetObjectField(obj, gFieldIds.mBatteryTechnology, env->NewStringUTF("1"));<br />
<br />
/*!!!comment out!!!<br />
const int SIZE = 128;<br />
char buf[SIZE];<br />
<br />
if (readFromFile(BATTERY_STATUS_PATH, buf, SIZE) > 0)<br />
env->SetIntField(obj, gFieldIds.mBatteryStatus, getBatteryStatus(buf));<br />
<br />
if (readFromFile(BATTERY_HEALTH_PATH, buf, SIZE) > 0)<br />
env->SetIntField(obj, gFieldIds.mBatteryHealth, getBatteryHealth(buf));<br />
<br />
if (readFromFile(BATTERY_TECHNOLOGY_PATH, buf, SIZE) > 0)<br />
env->SetObjectField(obj, gFieldIds.mBatteryTechnology, env->NewStringUTF(buf));<br />
*/<br />
}<br />
</source><br />
<br />
===Audio===<br />
{{Note| Still compilation error}}<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
cd $ANDROID_SOURCE/external <br />
git clone git://android.git.kernel.org/platform/external/alsa‐lib.git<br />
git clone git://android.git.kernel.org/platform/external/alsa‐utils.git<br />
cd $ANDROID_SOURCE/hardware <br />
git clone git://android.git.kernel.org/platform/hardware/alsa_sound.git <br />
</pre><br />
edit $ANDROID_SOURCE/build/target/board/generic/BoardConfig.mk <br />
<pre class="config"> <br />
# HAVE_HTC_AUDIO_DRIVER := true<br />
# BOARD_USES_GENERIC_AUDIO := true<br />
BOARD_USES_ALSA_AUDIO := true<br />
BUILD_WITH_ALSA_UTILS := true<br />
</pre><br />
edit $ANDROID_SOURCE/hardware/alsa_sound/AudioHardwareALSA.cpp and change bufferSize to 8192 in twice StreamDefaults structures <br><br />
edit $ANDROID_SOURCE/system/core/init/device.c<br />
<source lang="c"><br />
static struct perms_ devperms[] = {<br />
{ "/dev/null", 0666, AID_ROOT, AID_ROOT, 0 },<br />
...<br />
{ "/dev/qmi1", 0640, AID_RADIO, AID_RADIO, 0 },<br />
{ "/dev/qmi2", 0640, AID_RADIO, AID_RADIO, 0 },<br />
// Add this line<br />
{ "/dev/snd/", 0664, AID_SYSTEM, AID_AUDIO, 1 },<br />
{ NULL, 0, 0, 0, 0 },<br />
};<br />
</source><br />
<source lang="c"><br />
static void handle_device_event(struct uevent *uevent)<br />
{<br />
char devpath[96];<br />
char *base, *name;<br />
int block;<br />
...<br />
} else if(!strncmp(uevent->subsystem, "mtd", 3)) {<br />
base = "/dev/mtd/";<br />
mkdir(base, 0755);<br />
// add this conditionnal block<br />
} else if(!strncmp(uevent->subsystem, "sound", 5)) {<br />
base = "/dev/snd/";<br />
mkdir(base, 0755);<br />
} else if(!strncmp(uevent->subsystem, "misc", 4) &&<br />
!strncmp(name, "log_", 4)) {<br />
base = "/dev/log/";<br />
mkdir(base, 0755);<br />
name += 4;<br />
} else<br />
base = "/dev/";<br />
}<br />
<br />
</source><br />
Audio files<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ mkdir $ANDROID_SOURCE/system/core/rootdir/media <br />
$ mkdir $ANDROID_SOURCE/system/core/rootdir/media/audio <br />
$ mkdir $ANDROID_SOURCE/system/core/rootdir/media/audio/ui<br />
$ mkdir $ANDROID_SOURCE/system/core/rootdir/media/audio/alarms <br />
$ mkdir $ANDROID_SOURCE/system/core/rootdir/media/audio/notifications <br />
$ mkdir $ANDROID_SOURCE/system/core/rootdir/media/audio/ringtones <br />
$ cp $ANDROID_SOURCE/frameworks/base/data/sounds/effects/* $ANDROID_SOURCE/system/core/rootdir/media/audio/ui/ <br />
$ cp $ANDROID_SOURCE/frameworks/base/data/sounds/Alarm_* $ANDROID_SOURCE/system/core/rootdir/media/audio/alarms/<br />
$ cp $ANDROID_SOURCE/frameworks/base/data/sounds/notifications/* $ANDROID_SOURCE/system/core/rootdir/media/audio/notifications/<br />
$ cp $ANDROID_SOURCE/frameworks/base/data/sounds/Ring_* $ANDROID_SOURCE/system/core/rootdir/media/audio/ringtones/<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
===Touchscreen===<br />
{{Note| To do!!!}}<br />
====Change init.rc====<br />
Open $ANDROID_SOURCE/system/core/rootdir:<br />
<pre class="config"><br />
# create basic filesystem structure<br />
...<br />
# Touchscreen section<br />
export TSLIB_CONSOLEDEVICE=none<br />
export TSLIB_FBDEVICE=/dev/fb0<br />
export TSLIB_TSDEVICE=/dev/input/event1<br />
export TSLIB_CALIBFILE=/etc/pointercal<br />
export TSLIB_CONFFILE=/etc/ts.conf<br />
export TSLIB_PLUGINDIR=/lib/ts<br />
export LD_PRELOAD=/lib/libts.so:/lib/ts/pthres.so<br />
<br />
...<br />
on boot<br />
</pre><br />
===Android start up===<br />
====init.rc====<br />
Open $ANDROID_SOURCE/system/core/rootdir, comment the 'mount roofs' in read only mode and 'mount yaffs2' lines like this:<br />
<pre class="config"><br />
# setup the global environment<br />
export PATH /sbin:/system/sbin:/system/bin:/system/xbin<br />
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH /system/lib<br />
export ANDROID_BOOTLOGO 1<br />
export ANDROID_ROOT /system<br />
export ANDROID_ASSETS /system/app<br />
export ANDROID_DATA /data<br />
export EXTERNAL_STORAGE /sdcard<br />
export BOOTCLASSPATH /system/framework/core.jar:/system/framework/ext.jar:/system/framework/framework.jar:/system/framework/android.policy.jar:/system/framework/services.jar<br />
<br />
mount rootfs rootfs / rw remount<br />
<br />
# Backward compatibility<br />
symlink /system/etc /etc<br />
<br />
# create mountpoints and mount tmpfs on sqlite_stmt_journals<br />
mkdir /sdcard 0000 system system<br />
mkdir /system<br />
mkdir /data 0771 system system<br />
mkdir /cache 0770 system cache<br />
mkdir /sqlite_stmt_journals 01777 root root<br />
mount tmpfs tmpfs /sqlite_stmt_journals size=4m<br />
<br />
mount rootfs rootfs / ro remount<br />
<br />
write /proc/sys/kernel/panic_on_oops 1<br />
write /proc/sys/kernel/hung_task_timeout_secs 0<br />
write /proc/cpu/alignment 4<br />
write /proc/sys/kernel/sched_latency_ns 10000000<br />
write /proc/sys/kernel/sched_wakeup_granularity_ns 2000000<br />
<br />
# mount mtd partitions<br />
# Mount /system rw first to give the filesystem a chance to save a checkpoint<br />
# mount yaffs2 mtd@system /system <br />
# mount yaffs2 mtd@system /system ro remount<br />
<br />
setprop EXTERNAL_STORAGE_STATE mounted<br />
mount vfat /dev/block/mmcblk0p1 /sdcard nosuid nodev<br />
<br />
# We chown/chmod /data again so because mount is run as root + defaults<br />
mount ext2 /dev/block/mmcblk0p2 /data nosuid nodev<br />
chown system system /data<br />
chmod 0771 /data<br />
<br />
# Same reason as /data above<br />
# mount yaffs2 mtd@cache /cache nosuid nodev<br />
chown system cache /cache<br />
chmod 0770 /cache<br />
<br />
# This may have been created by the recovery system with odd permissions<br />
chown system system /cache/recovery<br />
chmod 0770 /cache/recovery<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
===Compile===<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ cd $ANDROID_SOURCE<br />
$ make<br />
</pre><br />
==Making RootFS==<br />
===Android Root File system===<br />
Android emulator has 3 basic images on tools/lib/images directory.<br />
* '''ramdisk.img''' is gziped cpio archive. ramdisk.img is a small partition image that is mounted read-only by the kernel at boot time. It only contains /init and a few config files. It is used to start init which will mount the rest of the system images properly and run the init procedure. A Ramdisk is a standard Linux feature. It is made just for the Android and do special things to start up the Android system.<br />
* '''system.img''' is a partition image that will be mounted as / and thus contains all system binaries.<br />
* '''userdata.img''' is a partition image that can be mounted as /data and thus contains all application-specific and user-specific data.<br />
<br />
===Create the Android root filesystem for apf27===<br />
Android’s root file system is generated in $ANDROID_SOURCE/out/target/product/generic. We will create a folder containing all Android files images. <br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ sudo rm -rf $ANDROID_SOURCE/rootfs/<br />
$ cd $ANDROID_SOURCE/out/target/product/generic<br />
$ mkdir $ANDROID_SOURCE/rootfs<br />
$ cp -a root/* $ANDROID_SOURCE/rootfs/<br />
$ cp -a system/* $ANDROID_SOURCE/rootfs/system/<br />
$ cd $ANDROID_SOURCE/rootfs<br />
$ sudo chown -R root.root .<br />
$ sudo chmod -R a+rwX data system<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
===JFFS2 Root file system===<br />
Actually, Android should use a file system how support mmap function like yaffs2, ext2 or ubifs. Unfortunaly, U-Boot support only jffs2 or ext2. So we will use ext2 on a µSD for data.<br />
====Prepare the MMC/µSD card====<br />
We will create two partitions on our mmc/µSD card, The first one will use for Android memory card, the second one will use for Android file system.<br />
First connect your card reader to your workstation, with the mmc/µSD card inside. Type the '''dmesg''' command to see which device is used by your workstation. Let’s assume that this device is '''/dev/sdb'''<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ dmesg<br />
...<br />
[ 9145.613954] sdb: sdb1 sdb2<br />
[ 9145.615125] sd 10:0:0:0: [sdc] Attached SCSI removable disk<br />
[ 9145.615258] sd 10:0:0:0: Attached scsi generic sg3 type 0<br />
</pre><br />
Type the mount command to check your currently mounted partitions. If MMC/SD partitions are mounted, unmount them.<br><br />
In a terminal edit partitions with fdisk:<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
sudo fdisk /dev/sdb<br />
</pre><br />
Delete any existing partition with the d command.<br><br />
Now, create the boot partition:<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
Command (m for help): n<br />
Command action<br />
e extended<br />
p primary partition (1-4)<br />
p<br />
Partition number (1-4): 1<br />
First cylinder (1-495, default 1): 1<br />
Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (1-239, default 239): +1G<br />
</pre><br />
Change its type to FAT32:<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
Command (m for help): t<br />
Selected partition 1<br />
Hex code (type L to list codes): c<br />
Changed system type of partition 1 to c (W95 FAT32 (LBA))<br />
</pre><br />
Using the n command again, create a second partition filling up the rest of your card (just accept default values).<br><br />
Now, format the partitions in your card:<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
sudo mkfs.vfat -n MemoryCard -F 32 /dev/sdb1<br />
sudo mkfs.ext2 -L data /dev/sdb2<br />
</pre><br />
====Boot setup====<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ sudo mkfs.jffs2 -r -e 0x20000 --pad=0x700000 -n $ANDROID_SOURCE/rootfs -o $TFTPBOOT/apf27-rootfs.arm.jffs2<br />
</pre><br />
The last thing left to do is to specify how the board boots Linux.<br><br />
In the U-boot prompt, make the mmc boot is on second partition of the mmc/µSD card<br />
<pre class="apf"> <br />
# setenv addjffsargs 'setenv bootargs ${bootargs} root=/dev/mtdblock4 rootfstype=jffs2 init=/init androidboot.console=ttyS0'<br />
# setenv bootcmd run mmcboot<br />
# saveenv<br />
# run update_kernel<br />
# run update_rootfs<br />
</pre><br />
===Root file system on APF27 NAND memory===<br />
{{Note| wait the UBIFS integration in the u-boot loader}}<br />
====Boot setup====<br />
The last thing left to do is to specify how the board boots Linux. In the U-boot prompt, make the UBIFS boot.<br />
<pre class="apf"> <br />
# setenv addubifsargs 'setenv bootargs ${bootargs} root=/dev/mtdblock4 rootfstype=ubifs init=\init androidboot.console=ttyS0'<br />
# setenv ubifsboot 'setenv bootargs ${console} ${mtdparts};run addubifsargs addipargs; setenv autostart yes;nboot.ubifs A0000000 0 ${kernel_offset}'<br />
# setenv bootcmd run ubifsboot<br />
# saveenv<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
[[Image:Apf27_android.JPG]]<br />
<br />
==Debug 'n Test==<br />
===Trace on the console===<br />
Trace with '''strace'''<br />
<pre class="apf"> <br />
# mount /dev/mmcblk0p2 /mnt/mmc<br />
# strace chroot /mnt/mmc /init androidboot.console=ttyS0<br />
</pre><br />
Trave with '''logcat'''<br />
<pre class="apf"> <br />
# mount /dev/mmcblk0p2 /mnt/mmc<br />
# chroot /mnt/mmc /init androidboot.console=ttyS0 &<br />
# chroot /mnt/mmc /system/bin/logcat<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
===Test with Android emulator===<br />
Documentation on Android [http://developer.android.com/guide/developing/tools/emulator.html emulator]<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ cd $ANDROID_SOURCE/kernel<br />
$ make ARCH=arm goldfish_defconfig<br />
$ make ARCH=arm CROSS_COMPILE=$ANDROID_SOURCE/prebuilt/linux-x86/toolchain/arm-eabi-4.2.1/bin/arm-eabi<br />
# Create AVD (Android Virtual Device)<br />
$ $ANDROID_SDK/tools/android create avd -n APF27-H -t 2 -s 272x480<br />
$ $ANDROID_SDK/tools/android create avd -n APF27-L -t 2 -s 480x272<br />
$ $ANDROID_SOURCE/out/host/linux-x86/bin/emulator -avd APF27-H -sysdir $ANDROID_SOURCE/out/target/product/generic/ -kernel $ANDROID_SOURCE/kernel/arch/arm/boot/zImage -data $ANDROID_SOURCE/out/target/product/generic/userdata.img -ramdisk $ANDROID_SOURCE/out/target/product/generic/ramdisk.img -system $ANDROID_SOURCE/out/target/product/generic/system.img<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
==Links==<br />
* [http://elinux.org/Android Android page on elinux.org]<br />
** [http://elinux.org/Android_on_OMAP Android on OMAP portage page on elinux.org]<br />
* [http://wiki.openmoko.org/wiki/Android Android on OpenMoko]<br />
* http://wiki.kldp.org/wiki.php/AndroidPortingOnRealTarget</div>NicolasDhttp://armadeus.org/wiki/index.php?title=Android&diff=7342Android2009-09-10T14:53:00Z<p>NicolasD: JFFS2 Rootfs</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Under_Construction}}<br />
<br />
[[Image:Android-logo.png]]<br />
<br />
This page will sumarize the efforts made to have Android running on the APF boards.<br />
<br />
{{Note| Due to Android requirements (at least an ARM926 core), it is impossible to have it running on the APF9328}}<br />
<br />
==Some readings before starting==<br />
* http://developer.android.com/guide/basics/what-is-android.html<br />
<br />
==Prerequisites for Android installation==<br />
===Install needed software packages===<br />
* Install these package for build the kernel image and for format the mmc/µSD card<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ sudo apt-get install uboot-mkimage mtd-utils<br />
</pre><br />
* The Armadeus [[Toolchain]], only for Armadeus patches<br />
<br />
===Update the environment variables===<br />
Theses environment variables install the Android and Armadeus folder in our home directory, but of course, it can be placed anywhere!<br />
<pre class="config"><br />
export ANDROID_SOURCE=~/apf27droid<br />
export ANDROID_SDK=~/android-sdk-linux_x86-1.5_r3<br />
export ARMADEUS=~/armadeus-3.1<br />
export PATH=${PATH}:${ANDROID_SDK}/tools:${ANDROID_SOURCE}/bin<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
===Download Android source===<br />
The [http://source.android.com/download getting Android source] document describes how to set up our local work environment. <br />
Follow theses instructions until '''Installing Repo''' chapter.<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ mkdir $ANDROID_SOURCE<br />
$ cd $ANDROID_SOURCE<br />
$ mkdir bin<br />
$ curl http://android.git.kernel.org/repo >$ANDROID_SOURCE/bin/repo<br />
$ chmod a+x $ANDROID_SOURCE/bin/repo<br />
$ repo init -u git://android.git.kernel.org/platform/manifest.git -b android-sdk-1.5_r3<br />
$ repo sync<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
Since android-sdk-1.5_r3 branch, the Linux kernel isn't with the Android source, <br />
We can download it in a compress archive (tar.gz) file with this [http://android.git.kernel.org/?p=kernel/common.git;a=snapshot;h=refs/heads/android-2.6.29;sf=tgz android-kernel-2.6.29] (about (70Mib) or with git repository (more 300Mib)<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ mkdir $ANDROID_SOURCE/kernel<br />
$ cd $ANDROID_SOURCE/kernel<br />
$ git clone git://android.git.kernel.org/kernel/common.git android-2.6.29<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
==Linux Kernel 2.6.29==<br />
===Apply the Armadeus patchset===<br />
Before compiling the kernel, we patch the source with the Armadeus patches. In second time, I will give the URL to retrieve Linux 2.6.29.4 patch.<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ $ARMADEUS/buildroot/toolchain/patch-kernel.sh $ANDROID_SOURCE/kernel $ARMADEUS/downloads patch-2.6.29.4.bz2<br />
$ $ARMADEUS/buildroot/toolchain/patch-kernel.sh $ANDROID_SOURCE/kernel $ARMADEUS/buildroot/target/device/armadeus/linux/kernel-patches/2.6.29.4 \*.patch{,.gz,.bz2}<br />
$ mkdir $ANDROID_SOURCE/kernel/drivers/armadeus<br />
$ cp -r $ARMADEUS/target/linux/modules/* $ANDROID_SOURCE/kernel/drivers/armadeus<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
===Android kernel configuration (2.6.29)===<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ cp $ARMADEUS/buildroot/target/device/armadeus/apf27/apf27-linux-2.6.29.config $ANDROID_SOURCE/kernel/arch/arm/configs/apf27_android_defconfig<br />
$ cd $ANDROID_SOURCE/kernel<br />
$ make ARCH=arm mrproper<br />
$ make ARCH=arm apf27_android_defconfig<br />
$ make ARCH=arm menuconfig<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
Make sure your kernel boots normally on your board. Then enable some Android specific configuration and make sure that your kernel still boots (with your standard file system).<br />
*Android pmem allocator<br />
<pre class="config"><br />
Device Drivers ---><br />
[*] Misc devices ---><br />
[*] Android pmem allocator<br />
</pre><br />
* Android drivers<br />
<pre class="config"><br />
Device Drivers ---><br />
[*] Staging drivers ---> <br />
[ ] Exclude Staging drivers from being built (NEW)<br />
...<br />
Android ---><br />
[*] Android Drivers<br />
[*] Android Binder IPC Driver<br />
<*> Android log driver <br />
[ ] Android RAM buffer console<br />
[*] Timed output class driver (NEW)<br />
< > Android timed gpio driver (NEW)<br />
[*] Android Low Memory Killer <br />
</pre><br />
* Anonymous Shared Memory Subsystem<br />
<pre class="config"><br />
General setup ---><br />
[*] Enable the Anonymous Shared Memory Subsystem<br />
</pre><br />
===UBIFS kernel configuration (2.6.29)===<br />
<pre class="config"><br />
Device Drivers ---><br />
<*> Memory Technology Device (MTD) support ---><br />
UBI - Unsorted block images ---> <br />
<*> Enable UBI<br />
(4096) UBI wear-leveling threshold <br />
(1) Percentage of reserved eraseblocks for bad eraseblocks handling<br />
[ ] Emulate MTD devices<br />
*** UBI debugging options ***<br />
[ ] UBI debugging <br />
...<br />
File systems ---><br />
[*] Miscellaneous filesystems ---><br />
<*> UBIFS file system support<br />
[ ] Extended attributes support <br />
[ ] Advanced compression options<br />
[ ] Enable debugging<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
===Build Android kernel===<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ make ARCH=arm CROSS_COMPILE=$ANDROID_SOURCE/prebuilt/linux-x86/toolchain/arm-eabi-4.2.1/bin/arm-eabi- uImage<br />
$ cp $ANDROID_SOURCE/kernel/arch/arm/boot/uImage $TFTPBOOT/apf27-linux.bin<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
==Android==<br />
===Battery patch===<br />
At the beginning, reboot happened over again even though Android logo appeared on board.<br />
Result of investigation, we found that battery power was returned with 0 when boot.. Then, we changed to notify full battery to Android by ignoring the information under '''/sys/class/power_supply''' so that to prevent the power down by low battery '''$ANDROID_SOURCE/frameworks/base/services/jni/com_android_server_BatteryService.cpp'''<br />
*Change the battery service status as TRUE<br />
<source lang="c"><br />
static void setBooleanField(JNIEnv* env, jobject obj, const char* path, jfieldID fieldID)<br />
{<br />
const int SIZE = 16;<br />
char buf[SIZE];<br />
<br />
jboolean value = true; /* change false -> true */<br />
/*!!!comment out!!!<br />
if (readFromFile(path, buf, SIZE) > 0) {<br />
if (buf[0] == '1') {<br />
value = true;<br />
}<br />
}<br />
*/<br />
env->SetBooleanField(obj, fieldID, value);<br />
}<br />
</source><br />
*Change the volume, voltage and temperature of battery. Return 100%.<br />
<source lang="c"><br />
static void setIntField(JNIEnv* env, jobject obj, const char* path, jfieldID fieldID)<br />
{<br />
const int SIZE = 128;<br />
char buf[SIZE];<br />
<br />
jint value = 100; /* change 0 -> 100 */<br />
/*!!!comment out!!!<br />
if (readFromFile(path, buf, SIZE) > 0) {<br />
value = atoi(buf);<br />
}<br />
*/<br />
env->SetIntField(obj, fieldID, value);<br />
}<br />
</source><br />
*Change the battery charged status as full and deterioration status as fair.<br />
<source lang="c"><br />
static void android_server_BatteryService_update(JNIEnv* env, jobject obj)<br />
{<br />
setBooleanField(env, obj, AC_ONLINE_PATH, gFieldIds.mAcOnline);<br />
setBooleanField(env, obj, USB_ONLINE_PATH, gFieldIds.mUsbOnline);<br />
setBooleanField(env, obj, BATTERY_PRESENT_PATH, gFieldIds.mBatteryPresent);<br />
<br />
setIntField(env, obj, BATTERY_CAPACITY_PATH, gFieldIds.mBatteryLevel);<br />
setIntField(env, obj, BATTERY_VOLTAGE_PATH, gFieldIds.mBatteryVoltage);<br />
setIntField(env, obj, BATTERY_TEMPERATURE_PATH, gFieldIds.mBatteryTemperature);<br />
<br />
/* Change */<br />
env->SetIntField(obj, gFieldIds.mBatteryStatus, gConstants.statusFull);<br />
env->SetIntField(obj, gFieldIds.mBatteryHealth, gConstants.healthGood);<br />
env->SetObjectField(obj, gFieldIds.mBatteryTechnology, env->NewStringUTF("1"));<br />
<br />
/*!!!comment out!!!<br />
const int SIZE = 128;<br />
char buf[SIZE];<br />
<br />
if (readFromFile(BATTERY_STATUS_PATH, buf, SIZE) > 0)<br />
env->SetIntField(obj, gFieldIds.mBatteryStatus, getBatteryStatus(buf));<br />
<br />
if (readFromFile(BATTERY_HEALTH_PATH, buf, SIZE) > 0)<br />
env->SetIntField(obj, gFieldIds.mBatteryHealth, getBatteryHealth(buf));<br />
<br />
if (readFromFile(BATTERY_TECHNOLOGY_PATH, buf, SIZE) > 0)<br />
env->SetObjectField(obj, gFieldIds.mBatteryTechnology, env->NewStringUTF(buf));<br />
*/<br />
}<br />
</source><br />
<br />
===Audio===<br />
{{Note| Still compilation error}}<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
cd $ANDROID_SOURCE/external <br />
git clone git://android.git.kernel.org/platform/external/alsa‐lib.git <br />
git clone git://android.git.kernel.org/platform/external/alsa‐utils.git <br />
cd $ANDROID_SOURCE/hardware <br />
git clone git://android.git.kernel.org/platform/hardware/alsa_sound.git <br />
</pre><br />
edit $ANDROID_SOURCE/build/target/board/generic/BoardConfig.mk <br />
<pre class="config"> <br />
# BOARD_USES_GENERIC_AUDIO := false <br />
# HAVE_HTC_AUDIO_DRIVER := false<br />
BOARD_USES_ALSA_AUDIO := true <br />
BUILD_WITH_ALSA_UTILS := true<br />
</pre><br />
edit $ANDROID_SOURCE/hardware/alsa_sound/AudioHardwareALSA.cpp and change bufferSize to 8192 in twice StreamDefaults structures <br><br />
edit $ANDROID_SOURCE/system/core/init/device.c<br />
<source lang="c"><br />
static struct perms_ devperms[] = {<br />
{ "/dev/null", 0666, AID_ROOT, AID_ROOT, 0 },<br />
...<br />
{ "/dev/qmi1", 0640, AID_RADIO, AID_RADIO, 0 },<br />
{ "/dev/qmi2", 0640, AID_RADIO, AID_RADIO, 0 },<br />
// Add this line<br />
{ "/dev/snd/", 0664, AID_SYSTEM, AID_AUDIO, 1 },<br />
{ NULL, 0, 0, 0, 0 },<br />
};<br />
</source><br />
<source lang="c"><br />
static void handle_device_event(struct uevent *uevent)<br />
{<br />
char devpath[96];<br />
char *base, *name;<br />
int block;<br />
...<br />
} else if(!strncmp(uevent->subsystem, "mtd", 3)) {<br />
base = "/dev/mtd/";<br />
mkdir(base, 0755);<br />
// add this conditionnal block<br />
} else if(!strncmp(uevent->subsystem, "sound", 5)) {<br />
base = "/dev/snd/";<br />
mkdir(base, 0755);<br />
} else if(!strncmp(uevent->subsystem, "misc", 4) &&<br />
!strncmp(name, "log_", 4)) {<br />
base = "/dev/log/";<br />
mkdir(base, 0755);<br />
name += 4;<br />
} else<br />
base = "/dev/";<br />
}<br />
<br />
</source><br />
Audio files<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ mkdir $ANDROID_SOURCE/system/core/rootdir/media <br />
$ mkdir $ANDROID_SOURCE/system/core/rootdir/media/audio <br />
$ mkdir $ANDROID_SOURCE/system/core/rootdir/media/audio/ui<br />
$ mkdir $ANDROID_SOURCE/system/core/rootdir/media/audio/alarms <br />
$ mkdir $ANDROID_SOURCE/system/core/rootdir/media/audio/notifications <br />
$ mkdir $ANDROID_SOURCE/system/core/rootdir/media/audio/ringtones <br />
$ cp $ANDROID_SOURCE/frameworks/base/data/sounds/effects/* $ANDROID_SOURCE/system/core/rootdir/media/audio/ui/ <br />
$ cp $ANDROID_SOURCE/frameworks/base/data/sounds/Alarm_* $ANDROID_SOURCE/system/core/rootdir/media/audio/alarms/<br />
$ cp $ANDROID_SOURCE/frameworks/base/data/sounds/notifications/* $ANDROID_SOURCE/system/core/rootdir/media/audio/notifications/<br />
$ cp $ANDROID_SOURCE/frameworks/base/data/sounds/Ring_* $ANDROID_SOURCE/system/core/rootdir/media/audio/ringtones/<br />
</pre><br />
===Touchscreen===<br />
{{Note| To do!!!}}<br />
====Change init.rc====<br />
Open $ANDROID_SOURCE/system/core/rootdir:<br />
<pre class="config"><br />
# create basic filesystem structure<br />
...<br />
# Touchscreen section<br />
export TSLIB_CONSOLEDEVICE=none<br />
export TSLIB_FBDEVICE=/dev/fb0<br />
export TSLIB_TSDEVICE=/dev/input/event1<br />
export TSLIB_CALIBFILE=/etc/pointercal<br />
export TSLIB_CONFFILE=/etc/ts.conf<br />
export TSLIB_PLUGINDIR=/lib/ts<br />
export LD_PRELOAD=/lib/libts.so:/lib/ts/pthres.so<br />
<br />
...<br />
on boot<br />
</pre><br />
===Android start up===<br />
====init.rc====<br />
Open $ANDROID_SOURCE/system/core/rootdir, comment the 'mount roofs' in read only mode and 'mount yaffs2' lines like this:<br />
<pre class="config"><br />
# setup the global environment<br />
export PATH /sbin:/system/sbin:/system/bin:/system/xbin<br />
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH /system/lib<br />
export ANDROID_BOOTLOGO 1<br />
export ANDROID_ROOT /system<br />
export ANDROID_ASSETS /system/app<br />
export ANDROID_DATA /data<br />
export EXTERNAL_STORAGE /sdcard<br />
export BOOTCLASSPATH /system/framework/core.jar:/system/framework/ext.jar:/system/framework/framework.jar:/system/framework/android.policy.jar:/system/framework/services.jar<br />
<br />
mount rootfs rootfs / rw remount<br />
<br />
# Backward compatibility<br />
symlink /system/etc /etc<br />
<br />
# create mountpoints and mount tmpfs on sqlite_stmt_journals<br />
mkdir /sdcard 0000 system system<br />
mkdir /system<br />
mkdir /data 0771 system system<br />
mkdir /cache 0770 system cache<br />
mkdir /sqlite_stmt_journals 01777 root root<br />
mount tmpfs tmpfs /sqlite_stmt_journals size=4m<br />
<br />
mount rootfs rootfs / ro remount<br />
<br />
write /proc/sys/kernel/panic_on_oops 1<br />
write /proc/sys/kernel/hung_task_timeout_secs 0<br />
write /proc/cpu/alignment 4<br />
write /proc/sys/kernel/sched_latency_ns 10000000<br />
write /proc/sys/kernel/sched_wakeup_granularity_ns 2000000<br />
<br />
# mount mtd partitions<br />
# Mount /system rw first to give the filesystem a chance to save a checkpoint<br />
# mount yaffs2 mtd@system /system <br />
# mount yaffs2 mtd@system /system ro remount<br />
<br />
setprop EXTERNAL_STORAGE_STATE mounted<br />
mount vfat /dev/block/mmcblk0p1 /sdcard nosuid nodev<br />
<br />
# We chown/chmod /data again so because mount is run as root + defaults<br />
mount ext2 /dev/block/mmcblk0p2 /data nosuid nodev<br />
chown system system /data<br />
chmod 0771 /data<br />
<br />
# Same reason as /data above<br />
# mount yaffs2 mtd@cache /cache nosuid nodev<br />
chown system cache /cache<br />
chmod 0770 /cache<br />
<br />
# This may have been created by the recovery system with odd permissions<br />
chown system system /cache/recovery<br />
chmod 0770 /cache/recovery<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
===Compile===<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ cd $ANDROID_SOURCE<br />
$ make<br />
</pre><br />
==Making RootFS==<br />
===Android Root File system===<br />
Android emulator has 3 basic images on tools/lib/images directory.<br />
* '''ramdisk.img''' is gziped cpio archive. ramdisk.img is a small partition image that is mounted read-only by the kernel at boot time. It only contains /init and a few config files. It is used to start init which will mount the rest of the system images properly and run the init procedure. A Ramdisk is a standard Linux feature. It is made just for the Android and do special things to start up the Android system.<br />
* '''system.img''' is a partition image that will be mounted as / and thus contains all system binaries.<br />
* '''userdata.img''' is a partition image that can be mounted as /data and thus contains all application-specific and user-specific data.<br />
<br />
===Create the Android root filesystem for apf27===<br />
Android’s root file system is generated in $ANDROID_SOURCE/out/target/product/generic. We will create a folder containing all Android files images. <br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ sudo rm -rf $ANDROID_SOURCE/rootfs/<br />
$ cd $ANDROID_SOURCE/out/target/product/generic<br />
$ mkdir $ANDROID_SOURCE/rootfs<br />
$ cp -a root/* $ANDROID_SOURCE/rootfs/<br />
$ cp -a system/* $ANDROID_SOURCE/rootfs/system/<br />
$ cd $ANDROID_SOURCE/rootfs<br />
$ sudo chown -R root.root .<br />
$ sudo chmod -R a+rwX data system<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
===JFFS2 Root file system===<br />
Actually, Android should use a file system how support mmap function like yaffs2, ext2 or ubifs. Unfortunaly, U-Boot support only jffs2 or ext2. So we will use ext2 on a µSD for data.<br />
====Prepare the MMC/µSD card====<br />
We will create two partitions on our mmc/µSD card, The first one will use for Android memory card, the second one will use for Android file system.<br />
First connect your card reader to your workstation, with the mmc/µSD card inside. Type the '''dmesg''' command to see which device is used by your workstation. Let’s assume that this device is '''/dev/sdb'''<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ dmesg<br />
...<br />
[ 9145.613954] sdb: sdb1 sdb2<br />
[ 9145.615125] sd 10:0:0:0: [sdc] Attached SCSI removable disk<br />
[ 9145.615258] sd 10:0:0:0: Attached scsi generic sg3 type 0<br />
</pre><br />
Type the mount command to check your currently mounted partitions. If MMC/SD partitions are mounted, unmount them.<br><br />
In a terminal edit partitions with fdisk:<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
sudo fdisk /dev/sdb<br />
</pre><br />
Delete any existing partition with the d command.<br><br />
Now, create the boot partition:<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
Command (m for help): n<br />
Command action<br />
e extended<br />
p primary partition (1-4)<br />
p<br />
Partition number (1-4): 1<br />
First cylinder (1-495, default 1): 1<br />
Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (1-239, default 239): +1G<br />
</pre><br />
Change its type to FAT32:<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
Command (m for help): t<br />
Selected partition 1<br />
Hex code (type L to list codes): c<br />
Changed system type of partition 1 to c (W95 FAT32 (LBA))<br />
</pre><br />
Using the n command again, create a second partition filling up the rest of your card (just accept default values).<br><br />
Now, format the partitions in your card:<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
sudo mkfs.vfat -n MemoryCard -F 32 /dev/sdb1<br />
sudo mkfs.ext2 -L data /dev/sdb2<br />
</pre><br />
====Boot setup====<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ sudo mkfs.jffs2 -r -e 0x20000 --pad=0x700000 -n $ANDROID_SOURCE/rootfs -o $TFTPBOOT/apf27-rootfs.arm.jffs2<br />
</pre><br />
The last thing left to do is to specify how the board boots Linux.<br><br />
In the U-boot prompt, make the mmc boot is on second partition of the mmc/µSD card<br />
<pre class="apf"> <br />
# setenv addjffsargs 'setenv bootargs ${bootargs} root=/dev/mtdblock4 rootfstype=jffs2 init=/init androidboot.console=ttyS0'<br />
# setenv bootcmd run mmcboot<br />
# saveenv<br />
# run update_kernel<br />
# run update_rootfs<br />
</pre><br />
===Root file system on APF27 NAND memory===<br />
{{Note| wait the UBIFS integration in the u-boot loader}}<br />
====Boot setup====<br />
The last thing left to do is to specify how the board boots Linux. In the U-boot prompt, make the UBIFS boot.<br />
<pre class="apf"> <br />
# setenv addubifsargs 'setenv bootargs ${bootargs} root=/dev/mtdblock4 rootfstype=ubifs init=\init androidboot.console=ttyS0'<br />
# setenv ubifsboot 'setenv bootargs ${console} ${mtdparts};run addubifsargs addipargs; setenv autostart yes;nboot.ubifs A0000000 0 ${kernel_offset}'<br />
# setenv bootcmd run ubifsboot<br />
# saveenv<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
[[Image:Apf27_android.JPG]]<br />
<br />
==Debug 'n Test==<br />
===Trace on the console===<br />
Trace with '''strace'''<br />
<pre class="apf"> <br />
# mount /dev/mmcblk0p2 /mnt/mmc<br />
# strace chroot /mnt/mmc /init androidboot.console=ttyS0<br />
</pre><br />
Trave with '''logcat'''<br />
<pre class="apf"> <br />
# mount /dev/mmcblk0p2 /mnt/mmc<br />
# chroot /mnt/mmc /init androidboot.console=ttyS0 &<br />
# chroot /mnt/mmc /system/bin/logcat<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
===Test with Android emulator===<br />
Documentation on Android [http://developer.android.com/guide/developing/tools/emulator.html emulator]<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ cd $ANDROID_SOURCE/kernel<br />
$ make ARCH=arm goldfish_defconfig<br />
$ make ARCH=arm CROSS_COMPILE=$ANDROID_SOURCE/prebuilt/linux-x86/toolchain/arm-eabi-4.2.1/bin/arm-eabi<br />
# Create AVD (Android Virtual Device)<br />
$ $ANDROID_SDK/tools/android create avd -n APF27-H -t 2 -s 272x480<br />
$ $ANDROID_SDK/tools/android create avd -n APF27-L -t 2 -s 480x272<br />
$ $ANDROID_SOURCE/out/host/linux-x86/bin/emulator -avd APF27-H -sysdir $ANDROID_SOURCE/out/target/product/generic/ -kernel $ANDROID_SOURCE/kernel/arch/arm/boot/zImage -data $ANDROID_SOURCE/out/target/product/generic/userdata.img -ramdisk $ANDROID_SOURCE/out/target/product/generic/ramdisk.img -system $ANDROID_SOURCE/out/target/product/generic/system.img<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
==Links==<br />
* [http://elinux.org/Android Android page on elinux.org]<br />
** [http://elinux.org/Android_on_OMAP Android on OMAP portage page on elinux.org]<br />
* [http://wiki.openmoko.org/wiki/Android Android on OpenMoko]<br />
* http://wiki.kldp.org/wiki.php/AndroidPortingOnRealTarget</div>NicolasDhttp://armadeus.org/wiki/index.php?title=Android&diff=7341Android2009-09-09T16:08:46Z<p>NicolasD: /* Boot setup */</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Under_Construction}}<br />
<br />
[[Image:Android-logo.png]]<br />
<br />
This page will sumarize the efforts made to have Android running on the APF boards.<br />
<br />
{{Note| Due to Android requirements (at least an ARM926 core), it is impossible to have it running on the APF9328}}<br />
<br />
==Some readings before starting==<br />
* http://developer.android.com/guide/basics/what-is-android.html<br />
<br />
==Prerequisites for Android installation==<br />
===Install needed software packages===<br />
* Install these package for build the kernel image and for format the mmc/µSD card<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ sudo apt-get install uboot-mkimage mtd-utils<br />
</pre><br />
* The Armadeus [[Toolchain]], only for Armadeus patches<br />
<br />
===Update the environment variables===<br />
Theses environment variables install the Android and Armadeus folder in our home directory, but of course, it can be placed anywhere!<br />
<pre class="config"><br />
export ANDROID_SOURCE=~/apf27droid<br />
export ANDROID_SDK=~/android-sdk-linux_x86-1.5_r3<br />
export ARMADEUS=~/armadeus-3.1<br />
export PATH=${PATH}:${ANDROID_SDK}/tools:${ANDROID_SOURCE}/bin<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
===Download Android source===<br />
The [http://source.android.com/download getting Android source] document describes how to set up our local work environment. <br />
Follow theses instructions until '''Installing Repo''' chapter.<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ mkdir $ANDROID_SOURCE<br />
$ cd $ANDROID_SOURCE<br />
$ mkdir bin<br />
$ curl http://android.git.kernel.org/repo >$ANDROID_SOURCE/bin/repo<br />
$ chmod a+x $ANDROID_SOURCE/bin/repo<br />
$ repo init -u git://android.git.kernel.org/platform/manifest.git -b android-sdk-1.5_r3<br />
$ repo sync<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
Since android-sdk-1.5_r3 branch, the Linux kernel isn't with the Android source, <br />
We can download it in a compress archive (tar.gz) file with this [http://android.git.kernel.org/?p=kernel/common.git;a=snapshot;h=refs/heads/android-2.6.29;sf=tgz android-kernel-2.6.29] (about (70Mib) or with git repository (more 300Mib)<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ mkdir $ANDROID_SOURCE/kernel<br />
$ cd $ANDROID_SOURCE/kernel<br />
$ git clone git://android.git.kernel.org/kernel/common.git android-2.6.29<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
==Linux Kernel 2.6.29==<br />
===Apply the Armadeus patchset===<br />
Before compiling the kernel, we patch the source with the Armadeus patches. In second time, I will give the URL to retrieve Linux 2.6.29.4 patch.<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ $ARMADEUS/buildroot/toolchain/patch-kernel.sh $ANDROID_SOURCE/kernel $ARMADEUS/downloads patch-2.6.29.4.bz2<br />
$ $ARMADEUS/buildroot/toolchain/patch-kernel.sh $ANDROID_SOURCE/kernel $ARMADEUS/buildroot/target/device/armadeus/linux/kernel-patches/2.6.29.4 \*.patch{,.gz,.bz2}<br />
$ mkdir $ANDROID_SOURCE/kernel/drivers/armadeus<br />
$ cp -r $ARMADEUS/target/linux/modules/* $ANDROID_SOURCE/kernel/drivers/armadeus<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
===Android kernel configuration (2.6.29)===<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ cp $ARMADEUS/buildroot/target/device/armadeus/apf27/apf27-linux-2.6.29.config $ANDROID_SOURCE/kernel/arch/arm/configs/apf27_android_defconfig<br />
$ cd $ANDROID_SOURCE/kernel<br />
$ make ARCH=arm mrproper<br />
$ make ARCH=arm apf27_android_defconfig<br />
$ make ARCH=arm menuconfig<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
Make sure your kernel boots normally on your board. Then enable some Android specific configuration and make sure that your kernel still boots (with your standard file system).<br />
*Android pmem allocator<br />
<pre class="config"><br />
Device Drivers ---><br />
[*] Misc devices ---><br />
[*] Android pmem allocator<br />
</pre><br />
* Android drivers<br />
<pre class="config"><br />
Device Drivers ---><br />
[*] Staging drivers ---> <br />
[ ] Exclude Staging drivers from being built (NEW)<br />
...<br />
Android ---><br />
[*] Android Drivers<br />
[*] Android Binder IPC Driver<br />
<*> Android log driver <br />
[ ] Android RAM buffer console<br />
[*] Timed output class driver (NEW)<br />
< > Android timed gpio driver (NEW)<br />
[*] Android Low Memory Killer <br />
</pre><br />
* Anonymous Shared Memory Subsystem<br />
<pre class="config"><br />
General setup ---><br />
[*] Enable the Anonymous Shared Memory Subsystem<br />
</pre><br />
===UBIFS kernel configuration (2.6.29)===<br />
<pre class="config"><br />
Device Drivers ---><br />
<*> Memory Technology Device (MTD) support ---><br />
UBI - Unsorted block images ---> <br />
<*> Enable UBI<br />
(4096) UBI wear-leveling threshold <br />
(1) Percentage of reserved eraseblocks for bad eraseblocks handling<br />
[ ] Emulate MTD devices<br />
*** UBI debugging options ***<br />
[ ] UBI debugging <br />
...<br />
File systems ---><br />
[*] Miscellaneous filesystems ---><br />
<*> UBIFS file system support<br />
[ ] Extended attributes support <br />
[ ] Advanced compression options<br />
[ ] Enable debugging<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
===Build Android kernel===<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ make ARCH=arm CROSS_COMPILE=$ANDROID_SOURCE/prebuilt/linux-x86/toolchain/arm-eabi-4.2.1/bin/arm-eabi- uImage<br />
$ cp $ANDROID_SOURCE/kernel/arch/arm/boot/uImage $TFTPBOOT/apf27-linux.bin<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
==Android==<br />
===Battery patch===<br />
At the beginning, reboot happened over again even though Android logo appeared on board.<br />
Result of investigation, we found that battery power was returned with 0 when boot.. Then, we changed to notify full battery to Android by ignoring the information under '''/sys/class/power_supply''' so that to prevent the power down by low battery '''$ANDROID_SOURCE/frameworks/base/services/jni/com_android_server_BatteryService.cpp'''<br />
*Change the battery service status as TRUE<br />
<source lang="c"><br />
static void setBooleanField(JNIEnv* env, jobject obj, const char* path, jfieldID fieldID)<br />
{<br />
const int SIZE = 16;<br />
char buf[SIZE];<br />
<br />
jboolean value = true; /* change false -> true */<br />
/*!!!comment out!!!<br />
if (readFromFile(path, buf, SIZE) > 0) {<br />
if (buf[0] == '1') {<br />
value = true;<br />
}<br />
}<br />
*/<br />
env->SetBooleanField(obj, fieldID, value);<br />
}<br />
</source><br />
*Change the volume, voltage and temperature of battery. Return 100%.<br />
<source lang="c"><br />
static void setIntField(JNIEnv* env, jobject obj, const char* path, jfieldID fieldID)<br />
{<br />
const int SIZE = 128;<br />
char buf[SIZE];<br />
<br />
jint value = 100; /* change 0 -> 100 */<br />
/*!!!comment out!!!<br />
if (readFromFile(path, buf, SIZE) > 0) {<br />
value = atoi(buf);<br />
}<br />
*/<br />
env->SetIntField(obj, fieldID, value);<br />
}<br />
</source><br />
*Change the battery charged status as full and deterioration status as fair.<br />
<source lang="c"><br />
static void android_server_BatteryService_update(JNIEnv* env, jobject obj)<br />
{<br />
setBooleanField(env, obj, AC_ONLINE_PATH, gFieldIds.mAcOnline);<br />
setBooleanField(env, obj, USB_ONLINE_PATH, gFieldIds.mUsbOnline);<br />
setBooleanField(env, obj, BATTERY_PRESENT_PATH, gFieldIds.mBatteryPresent);<br />
<br />
setIntField(env, obj, BATTERY_CAPACITY_PATH, gFieldIds.mBatteryLevel);<br />
setIntField(env, obj, BATTERY_VOLTAGE_PATH, gFieldIds.mBatteryVoltage);<br />
setIntField(env, obj, BATTERY_TEMPERATURE_PATH, gFieldIds.mBatteryTemperature);<br />
<br />
/* Change */<br />
env->SetIntField(obj, gFieldIds.mBatteryStatus, gConstants.statusFull);<br />
env->SetIntField(obj, gFieldIds.mBatteryHealth, gConstants.healthGood);<br />
env->SetObjectField(obj, gFieldIds.mBatteryTechnology, env->NewStringUTF("1"));<br />
<br />
/*!!!comment out!!!<br />
const int SIZE = 128;<br />
char buf[SIZE];<br />
<br />
if (readFromFile(BATTERY_STATUS_PATH, buf, SIZE) > 0)<br />
env->SetIntField(obj, gFieldIds.mBatteryStatus, getBatteryStatus(buf));<br />
<br />
if (readFromFile(BATTERY_HEALTH_PATH, buf, SIZE) > 0)<br />
env->SetIntField(obj, gFieldIds.mBatteryHealth, getBatteryHealth(buf));<br />
<br />
if (readFromFile(BATTERY_TECHNOLOGY_PATH, buf, SIZE) > 0)<br />
env->SetObjectField(obj, gFieldIds.mBatteryTechnology, env->NewStringUTF(buf));<br />
*/<br />
}<br />
</source><br />
<br />
===Audio===<br />
{{Note| To do!!!}}<br />
<br />
===Touchscreen===<br />
{{Note| To do!!!}}<br />
====Change init.rc====<br />
Open $ANDROID_SOURCE/system/core/rootdir:<br />
<pre class="config"><br />
# create basic filesystem structure<br />
...<br />
# Touchscreen section<br />
export TSLIB_CONSOLEDEVICE=none<br />
export TSLIB_FBDEVICE=/dev/fb0<br />
export TSLIB_TSDEVICE=/dev/input/event1<br />
export TSLIB_CALIBFILE=/etc/pointercal<br />
export TSLIB_CONFFILE=/etc/ts.conf<br />
export TSLIB_PLUGINDIR=/lib/ts<br />
export LD_PRELOAD=/lib/libts.so:/lib/ts/pthres.so<br />
<br />
...<br />
on boot<br />
</pre><br />
===Android start up===<br />
====init.rc====<br />
Open $ANDROID_SOURCE/system/core/rootdir, comment the 'mount roofs' in read only mode and 'mount yaffs2' lines like this:<br />
<pre class="config"><br />
# setup the global environment<br />
export PATH /sbin:/system/sbin:/system/bin:/system/xbin<br />
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH /system/lib<br />
export ANDROID_BOOTLOGO 1<br />
export ANDROID_ROOT /system<br />
export ANDROID_ASSETS /system/app<br />
export ANDROID_DATA /data<br />
export EXTERNAL_STORAGE /sdcard<br />
export BOOTCLASSPATH /system/framework/core.jar:/system/framework/ext.jar:/system/framework/framework.jar:/system/framework/android.policy.jar:/system/framework/services.jar<br />
<br />
mount rootfs rootfs / rw remount<br />
<br />
# Backward compatibility<br />
symlink /system/etc /etc<br />
<br />
# create mountpoints and mount tmpfs on sqlite_stmt_journals<br />
mkdir /sdcard 0000 system system<br />
mkdir /system<br />
mkdir /data 0771 system system<br />
mkdir /cache 0770 system cache<br />
mkdir /sqlite_stmt_journals 01777 root root<br />
mount tmpfs tmpfs /sqlite_stmt_journals size=4m<br />
<br />
mount rootfs rootfs / ro remount<br />
<br />
write /proc/sys/kernel/panic_on_oops 1<br />
write /proc/sys/kernel/hung_task_timeout_secs 0<br />
write /proc/cpu/alignment 4<br />
write /proc/sys/kernel/sched_latency_ns 10000000<br />
write /proc/sys/kernel/sched_wakeup_granularity_ns 2000000<br />
<br />
# mount mtd partitions<br />
# Mount /system rw first to give the filesystem a chance to save a checkpoint<br />
# mount yaffs2 mtd@system /system <br />
# mount yaffs2 mtd@system /system ro remount<br />
<br />
setprop EXTERNAL_STORAGE_STATE mounted<br />
mount vfat /dev/block/mmcblk0p1 /sdcard nosuid nodev<br />
<br />
# We chown/chmod /data again so because mount is run as root + defaults<br />
mount ext2 /dev/block/mmcblk0p2 /data nosuid nodev<br />
chown system system /data<br />
chmod 0771 /data<br />
<br />
# Same reason as /data above<br />
# mount yaffs2 mtd@cache /cache nosuid nodev<br />
chown system cache /cache<br />
chmod 0770 /cache<br />
<br />
# This may have been created by the recovery system with odd permissions<br />
chown system system /cache/recovery<br />
chmod 0770 /cache/recovery<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
===Compile===<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ cd $ANDROID_SOURCE<br />
$ make<br />
</pre><br />
==Making RootFS==<br />
===Android Root File system===<br />
Android emulator has 3 basic images on tools/lib/images directory.<br />
* '''ramdisk.img''' is gziped cpio archive. ramdisk.img is a small partition image that is mounted read-only by the kernel at boot time. It only contains /init and a few config files. It is used to start init which will mount the rest of the system images properly and run the init procedure. A Ramdisk is a standard Linux feature. It is made just for the Android and do special things to start up the Android system.<br />
* '''system.img''' is a partition image that will be mounted as / and thus contains all system binaries.<br />
* '''userdata.img''' is a partition image that can be mounted as /data and thus contains all application-specific and user-specific data.<br />
<br />
===Create the Android root filesystem for apf27===<br />
Actually, Android should use a file system how support mmap function like yaffs2, ext2 or ubifs. Unfortunaly, U-Boot support only jffs2 or ext2. So we will use ext2 on a µSD for data.<br />
<br />
Android’s root file system is generated in $ANDROID_SOURCE/out/target/product/generic. We will create a folder containing all Android files images. <br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ sudo rm -rf $ANDROID_SOURCE/rootfs/<br />
$ cd $ANDROID_SOURCE/out/target/product/generic<br />
$ mkdir $ANDROID_SOURCE/rootfs<br />
$ cp -a root/* $ANDROID_SOURCE/rootfs/<br />
$ cp -a system/* $ANDROID_SOURCE/rootfs/system/<br />
$ cd $ANDROID_SOURCE/rootfs<br />
$ sudo chown -R root.root .<br />
$ sudo chmod -R a+rwX data system<br />
$ sudo mkfs.jffs2 -r $ANDROID_SOURCE/rootfs -o $TFTPBOOT/apf27-rootfs.arm.jffs2 -e 0x4000 -n<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
===Root file system on MMC/µSD card===<br />
====Formatting an MMC/µSD card====<br />
We will create two partitions on our mmc/µSD card, The first one will use for Android memory card, the second one will use for Android file system.<br />
First connect your card reader to your workstation, with the mmc/µSD card inside. Type the '''dmesg''' command to see which device is used by your workstation. Let’s assume that this device is '''/dev/sdb'''<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ dmesg<br />
...<br />
[ 9145.613954] sdb: sdb1 sdb2<br />
[ 9145.615125] sd 10:0:0:0: [sdc] Attached SCSI removable disk<br />
[ 9145.615258] sd 10:0:0:0: Attached scsi generic sg3 type 0<br />
</pre><br />
Type the mount command to check your currently mounted partitions. If MMC/SD partitions are mounted, unmount them.<br><br />
In a terminal edit partitions with fdisk:<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
sudo fdisk /dev/sdb<br />
</pre><br />
Delete any existing partition with the d command.<br><br />
Now, create the boot partition:<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
Command (m for help): n<br />
Command action<br />
e extended<br />
p primary partition (1-4)<br />
p<br />
Partition number (1-4): 1<br />
First cylinder (1-495, default 1): 1<br />
Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (1-239, default 239): +1G<br />
</pre><br />
Change its type to FAT32:<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
Command (m for help): t<br />
Selected partition 1<br />
Hex code (type L to list codes): c<br />
Changed system type of partition 1 to c (W95 FAT32 (LBA))<br />
</pre><br />
Using the n command again, create a second partition filling up the rest of your card (just accept default values).<br><br />
Now, format the partitions in your card:<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
sudo mkfs.vfat -n MemoryCard -F 32 /dev/sdb1<br />
sudo mkfs.ext2 -L AndroidFS /dev/sdb2<br />
</pre><br />
Remove and insert your card again. Your new partitions should be mounted automatically.<br><br />
====Copying data to the MMC/SD card====<br />
Now copy the Android root filesystem to the second partition.<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
sudo rsync -a $ANDROID_SOURCE/rootfs/ /media/AndroidFS/<br />
</pre><br />
Finish by unmounting your mmc/µSD partitions:<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
sudo umount /media/MemoryCard<br />
sudo umount /media/AndroidFS<br />
</pre><br />
====Boot setup====<br />
The last thing left to do is to specify how the board boots Linux.<br><br />
In the U-boot prompt, make the mmc boot is on second partition of the mmc/µSD card<br />
<pre class="apf"> <br />
# setenv mmcroot '/dev/mmcblk0p2 rw'<br />
</pre><br />
Now set the kernel command line arguments<br />
<pre class="apf"> <br />
# setenv addmmcargs 'setenv bootargs ${bootargs} root=${mmcroot} rootfstype=${mmcrootfstype} init=/init androidboot.console=ttyS0'<br />
# setenv addjffsargs 'setenv bootargs ${bootargs} root=/dev/mtdblock4 rootfstype=jffs2 init=/init androidboot.console=ttyS0'<br />
# setenv bootcmd run mmcboot<br />
# saveenv<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
===Root file system on APF27 NAND memory===<br />
{{Note| wait the UBIFS integration in the u-boot loader}}<br />
====Boot setup====<br />
The last thing left to do is to specify how the board boots Linux. In the U-boot prompt, make the UBIFS boot.<br />
<pre class="apf"> <br />
# setenv addubifsargs 'setenv bootargs ${bootargs} root=/dev/mtdblock4 rootfstype=ubifs init=\init androidboot.console=ttyS0'<br />
# setenv ubifsboot 'setenv bootargs ${console} ${mtdparts};run addubifsargs addipargs; setenv autostart yes;nboot.ubifs A0000000 0 ${kernel_offset}'<br />
# setenv bootcmd run ubifsboot<br />
# saveenv<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
[[Image:Apf27_android.JPG]]<br />
<br />
==Debug 'n Test==<br />
===Trace on the console===<br />
Trace with '''strace'''<br />
<pre class="apf"> <br />
# mount /dev/mmcblk0p2 /mnt/mmc<br />
# strace chroot /mnt/mmc /init androidboot.console=ttyS0<br />
</pre><br />
Trave with '''logcat'''<br />
<pre class="apf"> <br />
# mount /dev/mmcblk0p2 /mnt/mmc<br />
# chroot /mnt/mmc /init androidboot.console=ttyS0 &<br />
# chroot /mnt/mmc /system/bin/logcat<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
===Test with Android emulator===<br />
Documentation on Android [http://developer.android.com/guide/developing/tools/emulator.html emulator]<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ cd $ANDROID_SOURCE/kernel<br />
$ make ARCH=arm goldfish_defconfig<br />
$ make ARCH=arm CROSS_COMPILE=$ANDROID_SOURCE/prebuilt/linux-x86/toolchain/arm-eabi-4.2.1/bin/arm-eabi<br />
# Create AVD (Android Virtual Device)<br />
$ $ANDROID_SDK/tools/android create avd -n APF27-H -t 2 -s 272x480<br />
$ $ANDROID_SDK/tools/android create avd -n APF27-L -t 2 -s 480x272<br />
$ $ANDROID_SOURCE/out/host/linux-x86/bin/emulator -avd APF27-H -sysdir $ANDROID_SOURCE/out/target/product/generic/ -kernel $ANDROID_SOURCE/kernel/arch/arm/boot/zImage -data $ANDROID_SOURCE/out/target/product/generic/userdata.img -ramdisk $ANDROID_SOURCE/out/target/product/generic/ramdisk.img -system $ANDROID_SOURCE/out/target/product/generic/system.img<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
==Links==<br />
* [http://elinux.org/Android Android page on elinux.org]<br />
** [http://elinux.org/Android_on_OMAP Android on OMAP portage page on elinux.org]<br />
* [http://wiki.openmoko.org/wiki/Android Android on OpenMoko]<br />
* http://wiki.kldp.org/wiki.php/AndroidPortingOnRealTarget</div>NicolasDhttp://armadeus.org/wiki/index.php?title=Android&diff=7340Android2009-09-09T16:00:45Z<p>NicolasD: /* init.rc */</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Under_Construction}}<br />
<br />
[[Image:Android-logo.png]]<br />
<br />
This page will sumarize the efforts made to have Android running on the APF boards.<br />
<br />
{{Note| Due to Android requirements (at least an ARM926 core), it is impossible to have it running on the APF9328}}<br />
<br />
==Some readings before starting==<br />
* http://developer.android.com/guide/basics/what-is-android.html<br />
<br />
==Prerequisites for Android installation==<br />
===Install needed software packages===<br />
* Install these package for build the kernel image and for format the mmc/µSD card<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ sudo apt-get install uboot-mkimage mtd-utils<br />
</pre><br />
* The Armadeus [[Toolchain]], only for Armadeus patches<br />
<br />
===Update the environment variables===<br />
Theses environment variables install the Android and Armadeus folder in our home directory, but of course, it can be placed anywhere!<br />
<pre class="config"><br />
export ANDROID_SOURCE=~/apf27droid<br />
export ANDROID_SDK=~/android-sdk-linux_x86-1.5_r3<br />
export ARMADEUS=~/armadeus-3.1<br />
export PATH=${PATH}:${ANDROID_SDK}/tools:${ANDROID_SOURCE}/bin<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
===Download Android source===<br />
The [http://source.android.com/download getting Android source] document describes how to set up our local work environment. <br />
Follow theses instructions until '''Installing Repo''' chapter.<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ mkdir $ANDROID_SOURCE<br />
$ cd $ANDROID_SOURCE<br />
$ mkdir bin<br />
$ curl http://android.git.kernel.org/repo >$ANDROID_SOURCE/bin/repo<br />
$ chmod a+x $ANDROID_SOURCE/bin/repo<br />
$ repo init -u git://android.git.kernel.org/platform/manifest.git -b android-sdk-1.5_r3<br />
$ repo sync<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
Since android-sdk-1.5_r3 branch, the Linux kernel isn't with the Android source, <br />
We can download it in a compress archive (tar.gz) file with this [http://android.git.kernel.org/?p=kernel/common.git;a=snapshot;h=refs/heads/android-2.6.29;sf=tgz android-kernel-2.6.29] (about (70Mib) or with git repository (more 300Mib)<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ mkdir $ANDROID_SOURCE/kernel<br />
$ cd $ANDROID_SOURCE/kernel<br />
$ git clone git://android.git.kernel.org/kernel/common.git android-2.6.29<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
==Linux Kernel 2.6.29==<br />
===Apply the Armadeus patchset===<br />
Before compiling the kernel, we patch the source with the Armadeus patches. In second time, I will give the URL to retrieve Linux 2.6.29.4 patch.<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ $ARMADEUS/buildroot/toolchain/patch-kernel.sh $ANDROID_SOURCE/kernel $ARMADEUS/downloads patch-2.6.29.4.bz2<br />
$ $ARMADEUS/buildroot/toolchain/patch-kernel.sh $ANDROID_SOURCE/kernel $ARMADEUS/buildroot/target/device/armadeus/linux/kernel-patches/2.6.29.4 \*.patch{,.gz,.bz2}<br />
$ mkdir $ANDROID_SOURCE/kernel/drivers/armadeus<br />
$ cp -r $ARMADEUS/target/linux/modules/* $ANDROID_SOURCE/kernel/drivers/armadeus<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
===Android kernel configuration (2.6.29)===<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ cp $ARMADEUS/buildroot/target/device/armadeus/apf27/apf27-linux-2.6.29.config $ANDROID_SOURCE/kernel/arch/arm/configs/apf27_android_defconfig<br />
$ cd $ANDROID_SOURCE/kernel<br />
$ make ARCH=arm mrproper<br />
$ make ARCH=arm apf27_android_defconfig<br />
$ make ARCH=arm menuconfig<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
Make sure your kernel boots normally on your board. Then enable some Android specific configuration and make sure that your kernel still boots (with your standard file system).<br />
*Android pmem allocator<br />
<pre class="config"><br />
Device Drivers ---><br />
[*] Misc devices ---><br />
[*] Android pmem allocator<br />
</pre><br />
* Android drivers<br />
<pre class="config"><br />
Device Drivers ---><br />
[*] Staging drivers ---> <br />
[ ] Exclude Staging drivers from being built (NEW)<br />
...<br />
Android ---><br />
[*] Android Drivers<br />
[*] Android Binder IPC Driver<br />
<*> Android log driver <br />
[ ] Android RAM buffer console<br />
[*] Timed output class driver (NEW)<br />
< > Android timed gpio driver (NEW)<br />
[*] Android Low Memory Killer <br />
</pre><br />
* Anonymous Shared Memory Subsystem<br />
<pre class="config"><br />
General setup ---><br />
[*] Enable the Anonymous Shared Memory Subsystem<br />
</pre><br />
===UBIFS kernel configuration (2.6.29)===<br />
<pre class="config"><br />
Device Drivers ---><br />
<*> Memory Technology Device (MTD) support ---><br />
UBI - Unsorted block images ---> <br />
<*> Enable UBI<br />
(4096) UBI wear-leveling threshold <br />
(1) Percentage of reserved eraseblocks for bad eraseblocks handling<br />
[ ] Emulate MTD devices<br />
*** UBI debugging options ***<br />
[ ] UBI debugging <br />
...<br />
File systems ---><br />
[*] Miscellaneous filesystems ---><br />
<*> UBIFS file system support<br />
[ ] Extended attributes support <br />
[ ] Advanced compression options<br />
[ ] Enable debugging<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
===Build Android kernel===<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ make ARCH=arm CROSS_COMPILE=$ANDROID_SOURCE/prebuilt/linux-x86/toolchain/arm-eabi-4.2.1/bin/arm-eabi- uImage<br />
$ cp $ANDROID_SOURCE/kernel/arch/arm/boot/uImage $TFTPBOOT/apf27-linux.bin<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
==Android==<br />
===Battery patch===<br />
At the beginning, reboot happened over again even though Android logo appeared on board.<br />
Result of investigation, we found that battery power was returned with 0 when boot.. Then, we changed to notify full battery to Android by ignoring the information under '''/sys/class/power_supply''' so that to prevent the power down by low battery '''$ANDROID_SOURCE/frameworks/base/services/jni/com_android_server_BatteryService.cpp'''<br />
*Change the battery service status as TRUE<br />
<source lang="c"><br />
static void setBooleanField(JNIEnv* env, jobject obj, const char* path, jfieldID fieldID)<br />
{<br />
const int SIZE = 16;<br />
char buf[SIZE];<br />
<br />
jboolean value = true; /* change false -> true */<br />
/*!!!comment out!!!<br />
if (readFromFile(path, buf, SIZE) > 0) {<br />
if (buf[0] == '1') {<br />
value = true;<br />
}<br />
}<br />
*/<br />
env->SetBooleanField(obj, fieldID, value);<br />
}<br />
</source><br />
*Change the volume, voltage and temperature of battery. Return 100%.<br />
<source lang="c"><br />
static void setIntField(JNIEnv* env, jobject obj, const char* path, jfieldID fieldID)<br />
{<br />
const int SIZE = 128;<br />
char buf[SIZE];<br />
<br />
jint value = 100; /* change 0 -> 100 */<br />
/*!!!comment out!!!<br />
if (readFromFile(path, buf, SIZE) > 0) {<br />
value = atoi(buf);<br />
}<br />
*/<br />
env->SetIntField(obj, fieldID, value);<br />
}<br />
</source><br />
*Change the battery charged status as full and deterioration status as fair.<br />
<source lang="c"><br />
static void android_server_BatteryService_update(JNIEnv* env, jobject obj)<br />
{<br />
setBooleanField(env, obj, AC_ONLINE_PATH, gFieldIds.mAcOnline);<br />
setBooleanField(env, obj, USB_ONLINE_PATH, gFieldIds.mUsbOnline);<br />
setBooleanField(env, obj, BATTERY_PRESENT_PATH, gFieldIds.mBatteryPresent);<br />
<br />
setIntField(env, obj, BATTERY_CAPACITY_PATH, gFieldIds.mBatteryLevel);<br />
setIntField(env, obj, BATTERY_VOLTAGE_PATH, gFieldIds.mBatteryVoltage);<br />
setIntField(env, obj, BATTERY_TEMPERATURE_PATH, gFieldIds.mBatteryTemperature);<br />
<br />
/* Change */<br />
env->SetIntField(obj, gFieldIds.mBatteryStatus, gConstants.statusFull);<br />
env->SetIntField(obj, gFieldIds.mBatteryHealth, gConstants.healthGood);<br />
env->SetObjectField(obj, gFieldIds.mBatteryTechnology, env->NewStringUTF("1"));<br />
<br />
/*!!!comment out!!!<br />
const int SIZE = 128;<br />
char buf[SIZE];<br />
<br />
if (readFromFile(BATTERY_STATUS_PATH, buf, SIZE) > 0)<br />
env->SetIntField(obj, gFieldIds.mBatteryStatus, getBatteryStatus(buf));<br />
<br />
if (readFromFile(BATTERY_HEALTH_PATH, buf, SIZE) > 0)<br />
env->SetIntField(obj, gFieldIds.mBatteryHealth, getBatteryHealth(buf));<br />
<br />
if (readFromFile(BATTERY_TECHNOLOGY_PATH, buf, SIZE) > 0)<br />
env->SetObjectField(obj, gFieldIds.mBatteryTechnology, env->NewStringUTF(buf));<br />
*/<br />
}<br />
</source><br />
<br />
===Audio===<br />
{{Note| To do!!!}}<br />
<br />
===Touchscreen===<br />
{{Note| To do!!!}}<br />
====Change init.rc====<br />
Open $ANDROID_SOURCE/system/core/rootdir:<br />
<pre class="config"><br />
# create basic filesystem structure<br />
...<br />
# Touchscreen section<br />
export TSLIB_CONSOLEDEVICE=none<br />
export TSLIB_FBDEVICE=/dev/fb0<br />
export TSLIB_TSDEVICE=/dev/input/event1<br />
export TSLIB_CALIBFILE=/etc/pointercal<br />
export TSLIB_CONFFILE=/etc/ts.conf<br />
export TSLIB_PLUGINDIR=/lib/ts<br />
export LD_PRELOAD=/lib/libts.so:/lib/ts/pthres.so<br />
<br />
...<br />
on boot<br />
</pre><br />
===Android start up===<br />
====init.rc====<br />
Open $ANDROID_SOURCE/system/core/rootdir, comment the 'mount roofs' in read only mode and 'mount yaffs2' lines like this:<br />
<pre class="config"><br />
# setup the global environment<br />
export PATH /sbin:/system/sbin:/system/bin:/system/xbin<br />
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH /system/lib<br />
export ANDROID_BOOTLOGO 1<br />
export ANDROID_ROOT /system<br />
export ANDROID_ASSETS /system/app<br />
export ANDROID_DATA /data<br />
export EXTERNAL_STORAGE /sdcard<br />
export BOOTCLASSPATH /system/framework/core.jar:/system/framework/ext.jar:/system/framework/framework.jar:/system/framework/android.policy.jar:/system/framework/services.jar<br />
<br />
mount rootfs rootfs / rw remount<br />
<br />
# Backward compatibility<br />
symlink /system/etc /etc<br />
<br />
# create mountpoints and mount tmpfs on sqlite_stmt_journals<br />
mkdir /sdcard 0000 system system<br />
mkdir /system<br />
mkdir /data 0771 system system<br />
mkdir /cache 0770 system cache<br />
mkdir /sqlite_stmt_journals 01777 root root<br />
mount tmpfs tmpfs /sqlite_stmt_journals size=4m<br />
<br />
mount rootfs rootfs / ro remount<br />
<br />
write /proc/sys/kernel/panic_on_oops 1<br />
write /proc/sys/kernel/hung_task_timeout_secs 0<br />
write /proc/cpu/alignment 4<br />
write /proc/sys/kernel/sched_latency_ns 10000000<br />
write /proc/sys/kernel/sched_wakeup_granularity_ns 2000000<br />
<br />
# mount mtd partitions<br />
# Mount /system rw first to give the filesystem a chance to save a checkpoint<br />
# mount yaffs2 mtd@system /system <br />
# mount yaffs2 mtd@system /system ro remount<br />
<br />
setprop EXTERNAL_STORAGE_STATE mounted<br />
mount vfat /dev/block/mmcblk0p1 /sdcard nosuid nodev<br />
<br />
# We chown/chmod /data again so because mount is run as root + defaults<br />
mount ext2 /dev/block/mmcblk0p2 /data nosuid nodev<br />
chown system system /data<br />
chmod 0771 /data<br />
<br />
# Same reason as /data above<br />
# mount yaffs2 mtd@cache /cache nosuid nodev<br />
chown system cache /cache<br />
chmod 0770 /cache<br />
<br />
# This may have been created by the recovery system with odd permissions<br />
chown system system /cache/recovery<br />
chmod 0770 /cache/recovery<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
===Compile===<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ cd $ANDROID_SOURCE<br />
$ make<br />
</pre><br />
==Making RootFS==<br />
===Android Root File system===<br />
Android emulator has 3 basic images on tools/lib/images directory.<br />
* '''ramdisk.img''' is gziped cpio archive. ramdisk.img is a small partition image that is mounted read-only by the kernel at boot time. It only contains /init and a few config files. It is used to start init which will mount the rest of the system images properly and run the init procedure. A Ramdisk is a standard Linux feature. It is made just for the Android and do special things to start up the Android system.<br />
* '''system.img''' is a partition image that will be mounted as / and thus contains all system binaries.<br />
* '''userdata.img''' is a partition image that can be mounted as /data and thus contains all application-specific and user-specific data.<br />
<br />
===Create the Android root filesystem for apf27===<br />
Actually, Android should use a file system how support mmap function like yaffs2, ext2 or ubifs. Unfortunaly, U-Boot support only jffs2 or ext2. So we will use ext2 on a µSD for data.<br />
<br />
Android’s root file system is generated in $ANDROID_SOURCE/out/target/product/generic. We will create a folder containing all Android files images. <br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ sudo rm -rf $ANDROID_SOURCE/rootfs/<br />
$ cd $ANDROID_SOURCE/out/target/product/generic<br />
$ mkdir $ANDROID_SOURCE/rootfs<br />
$ cp -a root/* $ANDROID_SOURCE/rootfs/<br />
$ cp -a system/* $ANDROID_SOURCE/rootfs/system/<br />
$ cd $ANDROID_SOURCE/rootfs<br />
$ sudo chown -R root.root .<br />
$ sudo chmod -R a+rwX data system<br />
$ sudo mkfs.jffs2 -r $ANDROID_SOURCE/rootfs -o $TFTPBOOT/apf27-rootfs.arm.jffs2 -e 0x4000 -n<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
===Root file system on MMC/µSD card===<br />
====Formatting an MMC/µSD card====<br />
We will create two partitions on our mmc/µSD card, The first one will use for Android memory card, the second one will use for Android file system.<br />
First connect your card reader to your workstation, with the mmc/µSD card inside. Type the '''dmesg''' command to see which device is used by your workstation. Let’s assume that this device is '''/dev/sdb'''<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ dmesg<br />
...<br />
[ 9145.613954] sdb: sdb1 sdb2<br />
[ 9145.615125] sd 10:0:0:0: [sdc] Attached SCSI removable disk<br />
[ 9145.615258] sd 10:0:0:0: Attached scsi generic sg3 type 0<br />
</pre><br />
Type the mount command to check your currently mounted partitions. If MMC/SD partitions are mounted, unmount them.<br><br />
In a terminal edit partitions with fdisk:<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
sudo fdisk /dev/sdb<br />
</pre><br />
Delete any existing partition with the d command.<br><br />
Now, create the boot partition:<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
Command (m for help): n<br />
Command action<br />
e extended<br />
p primary partition (1-4)<br />
p<br />
Partition number (1-4): 1<br />
First cylinder (1-495, default 1): 1<br />
Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (1-239, default 239): +1G<br />
</pre><br />
Change its type to FAT32:<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
Command (m for help): t<br />
Selected partition 1<br />
Hex code (type L to list codes): c<br />
Changed system type of partition 1 to c (W95 FAT32 (LBA))<br />
</pre><br />
Using the n command again, create a second partition filling up the rest of your card (just accept default values).<br><br />
Now, format the partitions in your card:<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
sudo mkfs.vfat -n MemoryCard -F 32 /dev/sdb1<br />
sudo mkfs.ext2 -L AndroidFS /dev/sdb2<br />
</pre><br />
Remove and insert your card again. Your new partitions should be mounted automatically.<br><br />
====Copying data to the MMC/SD card====<br />
Now copy the Android root filesystem to the second partition.<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
sudo rsync -a $ANDROID_SOURCE/rootfs/ /media/AndroidFS/<br />
</pre><br />
Finish by unmounting your mmc/µSD partitions:<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
sudo umount /media/MemoryCard<br />
sudo umount /media/AndroidFS<br />
</pre><br />
====Boot setup====<br />
The last thing left to do is to specify how the board boots Linux.<br><br />
In the U-boot prompt, make the mmc boot is on second partition of the mmc/µSD card<br />
<pre class="apf"> <br />
# setenv mmcroot '/dev/mmcblk0p2 rw'<br />
</pre><br />
Now set the kernel command line arguments<br />
<pre class="apf"> <br />
# setenv addmmcargs 'setenv bootargs ${bootargs} root=${mmcroot} rootfstype=${mmcrootfstype} init=\init androidboot.console=ttyS0'<br />
# setenv bootcmd run mmcboot<br />
# saveenv<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
===Root file system on APF27 NAND memory===<br />
{{Note| wait the UBIFS integration in the u-boot loader}}<br />
====Boot setup====<br />
The last thing left to do is to specify how the board boots Linux. In the U-boot prompt, make the UBIFS boot.<br />
<pre class="apf"> <br />
# setenv addubifsargs 'setenv bootargs ${bootargs} root=/dev/mtdblock4 rootfstype=ubifs init=\init androidboot.console=ttyS0'<br />
# setenv ubifsboot 'setenv bootargs ${console} ${mtdparts};run addubifsargs addipargs; setenv autostart yes;nboot.ubifs A0000000 0 ${kernel_offset}'<br />
# setenv bootcmd run ubifsboot<br />
# saveenv<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
[[Image:Apf27_android.JPG]]<br />
<br />
==Debug 'n Test==<br />
===Trace on the console===<br />
Trace with '''strace'''<br />
<pre class="apf"> <br />
# mount /dev/mmcblk0p2 /mnt/mmc<br />
# strace chroot /mnt/mmc /init androidboot.console=ttyS0<br />
</pre><br />
Trave with '''logcat'''<br />
<pre class="apf"> <br />
# mount /dev/mmcblk0p2 /mnt/mmc<br />
# chroot /mnt/mmc /init androidboot.console=ttyS0 &<br />
# chroot /mnt/mmc /system/bin/logcat<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
===Test with Android emulator===<br />
Documentation on Android [http://developer.android.com/guide/developing/tools/emulator.html emulator]<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ cd $ANDROID_SOURCE/kernel<br />
$ make ARCH=arm goldfish_defconfig<br />
$ make ARCH=arm CROSS_COMPILE=$ANDROID_SOURCE/prebuilt/linux-x86/toolchain/arm-eabi-4.2.1/bin/arm-eabi<br />
# Create AVD (Android Virtual Device)<br />
$ $ANDROID_SDK/tools/android create avd -n APF27-H -t 2 -s 272x480<br />
$ $ANDROID_SDK/tools/android create avd -n APF27-L -t 2 -s 480x272<br />
$ $ANDROID_SOURCE/out/host/linux-x86/bin/emulator -avd APF27-H -sysdir $ANDROID_SOURCE/out/target/product/generic/ -kernel $ANDROID_SOURCE/kernel/arch/arm/boot/zImage -data $ANDROID_SOURCE/out/target/product/generic/userdata.img -ramdisk $ANDROID_SOURCE/out/target/product/generic/ramdisk.img -system $ANDROID_SOURCE/out/target/product/generic/system.img<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
==Links==<br />
* [http://elinux.org/Android Android page on elinux.org]<br />
** [http://elinux.org/Android_on_OMAP Android on OMAP portage page on elinux.org]<br />
* [http://wiki.openmoko.org/wiki/Android Android on OpenMoko]<br />
* http://wiki.kldp.org/wiki.php/AndroidPortingOnRealTarget</div>NicolasDhttp://armadeus.org/wiki/index.php?title=Android&diff=7339Android2009-09-09T15:59:50Z<p>NicolasD: /* Create the Android root filesystem for apf27 */</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Under_Construction}}<br />
<br />
[[Image:Android-logo.png]]<br />
<br />
This page will sumarize the efforts made to have Android running on the APF boards.<br />
<br />
{{Note| Due to Android requirements (at least an ARM926 core), it is impossible to have it running on the APF9328}}<br />
<br />
==Some readings before starting==<br />
* http://developer.android.com/guide/basics/what-is-android.html<br />
<br />
==Prerequisites for Android installation==<br />
===Install needed software packages===<br />
* Install these package for build the kernel image and for format the mmc/µSD card<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ sudo apt-get install uboot-mkimage mtd-utils<br />
</pre><br />
* The Armadeus [[Toolchain]], only for Armadeus patches<br />
<br />
===Update the environment variables===<br />
Theses environment variables install the Android and Armadeus folder in our home directory, but of course, it can be placed anywhere!<br />
<pre class="config"><br />
export ANDROID_SOURCE=~/apf27droid<br />
export ANDROID_SDK=~/android-sdk-linux_x86-1.5_r3<br />
export ARMADEUS=~/armadeus-3.1<br />
export PATH=${PATH}:${ANDROID_SDK}/tools:${ANDROID_SOURCE}/bin<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
===Download Android source===<br />
The [http://source.android.com/download getting Android source] document describes how to set up our local work environment. <br />
Follow theses instructions until '''Installing Repo''' chapter.<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ mkdir $ANDROID_SOURCE<br />
$ cd $ANDROID_SOURCE<br />
$ mkdir bin<br />
$ curl http://android.git.kernel.org/repo >$ANDROID_SOURCE/bin/repo<br />
$ chmod a+x $ANDROID_SOURCE/bin/repo<br />
$ repo init -u git://android.git.kernel.org/platform/manifest.git -b android-sdk-1.5_r3<br />
$ repo sync<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
Since android-sdk-1.5_r3 branch, the Linux kernel isn't with the Android source, <br />
We can download it in a compress archive (tar.gz) file with this [http://android.git.kernel.org/?p=kernel/common.git;a=snapshot;h=refs/heads/android-2.6.29;sf=tgz android-kernel-2.6.29] (about (70Mib) or with git repository (more 300Mib)<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ mkdir $ANDROID_SOURCE/kernel<br />
$ cd $ANDROID_SOURCE/kernel<br />
$ git clone git://android.git.kernel.org/kernel/common.git android-2.6.29<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
==Linux Kernel 2.6.29==<br />
===Apply the Armadeus patchset===<br />
Before compiling the kernel, we patch the source with the Armadeus patches. In second time, I will give the URL to retrieve Linux 2.6.29.4 patch.<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ $ARMADEUS/buildroot/toolchain/patch-kernel.sh $ANDROID_SOURCE/kernel $ARMADEUS/downloads patch-2.6.29.4.bz2<br />
$ $ARMADEUS/buildroot/toolchain/patch-kernel.sh $ANDROID_SOURCE/kernel $ARMADEUS/buildroot/target/device/armadeus/linux/kernel-patches/2.6.29.4 \*.patch{,.gz,.bz2}<br />
$ mkdir $ANDROID_SOURCE/kernel/drivers/armadeus<br />
$ cp -r $ARMADEUS/target/linux/modules/* $ANDROID_SOURCE/kernel/drivers/armadeus<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
===Android kernel configuration (2.6.29)===<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ cp $ARMADEUS/buildroot/target/device/armadeus/apf27/apf27-linux-2.6.29.config $ANDROID_SOURCE/kernel/arch/arm/configs/apf27_android_defconfig<br />
$ cd $ANDROID_SOURCE/kernel<br />
$ make ARCH=arm mrproper<br />
$ make ARCH=arm apf27_android_defconfig<br />
$ make ARCH=arm menuconfig<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
Make sure your kernel boots normally on your board. Then enable some Android specific configuration and make sure that your kernel still boots (with your standard file system).<br />
*Android pmem allocator<br />
<pre class="config"><br />
Device Drivers ---><br />
[*] Misc devices ---><br />
[*] Android pmem allocator<br />
</pre><br />
* Android drivers<br />
<pre class="config"><br />
Device Drivers ---><br />
[*] Staging drivers ---> <br />
[ ] Exclude Staging drivers from being built (NEW)<br />
...<br />
Android ---><br />
[*] Android Drivers<br />
[*] Android Binder IPC Driver<br />
<*> Android log driver <br />
[ ] Android RAM buffer console<br />
[*] Timed output class driver (NEW)<br />
< > Android timed gpio driver (NEW)<br />
[*] Android Low Memory Killer <br />
</pre><br />
* Anonymous Shared Memory Subsystem<br />
<pre class="config"><br />
General setup ---><br />
[*] Enable the Anonymous Shared Memory Subsystem<br />
</pre><br />
===UBIFS kernel configuration (2.6.29)===<br />
<pre class="config"><br />
Device Drivers ---><br />
<*> Memory Technology Device (MTD) support ---><br />
UBI - Unsorted block images ---> <br />
<*> Enable UBI<br />
(4096) UBI wear-leveling threshold <br />
(1) Percentage of reserved eraseblocks for bad eraseblocks handling<br />
[ ] Emulate MTD devices<br />
*** UBI debugging options ***<br />
[ ] UBI debugging <br />
...<br />
File systems ---><br />
[*] Miscellaneous filesystems ---><br />
<*> UBIFS file system support<br />
[ ] Extended attributes support <br />
[ ] Advanced compression options<br />
[ ] Enable debugging<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
===Build Android kernel===<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ make ARCH=arm CROSS_COMPILE=$ANDROID_SOURCE/prebuilt/linux-x86/toolchain/arm-eabi-4.2.1/bin/arm-eabi- uImage<br />
$ cp $ANDROID_SOURCE/kernel/arch/arm/boot/uImage $TFTPBOOT/apf27-linux.bin<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
==Android==<br />
===Battery patch===<br />
At the beginning, reboot happened over again even though Android logo appeared on board.<br />
Result of investigation, we found that battery power was returned with 0 when boot.. Then, we changed to notify full battery to Android by ignoring the information under '''/sys/class/power_supply''' so that to prevent the power down by low battery '''$ANDROID_SOURCE/frameworks/base/services/jni/com_android_server_BatteryService.cpp'''<br />
*Change the battery service status as TRUE<br />
<source lang="c"><br />
static void setBooleanField(JNIEnv* env, jobject obj, const char* path, jfieldID fieldID)<br />
{<br />
const int SIZE = 16;<br />
char buf[SIZE];<br />
<br />
jboolean value = true; /* change false -> true */<br />
/*!!!comment out!!!<br />
if (readFromFile(path, buf, SIZE) > 0) {<br />
if (buf[0] == '1') {<br />
value = true;<br />
}<br />
}<br />
*/<br />
env->SetBooleanField(obj, fieldID, value);<br />
}<br />
</source><br />
*Change the volume, voltage and temperature of battery. Return 100%.<br />
<source lang="c"><br />
static void setIntField(JNIEnv* env, jobject obj, const char* path, jfieldID fieldID)<br />
{<br />
const int SIZE = 128;<br />
char buf[SIZE];<br />
<br />
jint value = 100; /* change 0 -> 100 */<br />
/*!!!comment out!!!<br />
if (readFromFile(path, buf, SIZE) > 0) {<br />
value = atoi(buf);<br />
}<br />
*/<br />
env->SetIntField(obj, fieldID, value);<br />
}<br />
</source><br />
*Change the battery charged status as full and deterioration status as fair.<br />
<source lang="c"><br />
static void android_server_BatteryService_update(JNIEnv* env, jobject obj)<br />
{<br />
setBooleanField(env, obj, AC_ONLINE_PATH, gFieldIds.mAcOnline);<br />
setBooleanField(env, obj, USB_ONLINE_PATH, gFieldIds.mUsbOnline);<br />
setBooleanField(env, obj, BATTERY_PRESENT_PATH, gFieldIds.mBatteryPresent);<br />
<br />
setIntField(env, obj, BATTERY_CAPACITY_PATH, gFieldIds.mBatteryLevel);<br />
setIntField(env, obj, BATTERY_VOLTAGE_PATH, gFieldIds.mBatteryVoltage);<br />
setIntField(env, obj, BATTERY_TEMPERATURE_PATH, gFieldIds.mBatteryTemperature);<br />
<br />
/* Change */<br />
env->SetIntField(obj, gFieldIds.mBatteryStatus, gConstants.statusFull);<br />
env->SetIntField(obj, gFieldIds.mBatteryHealth, gConstants.healthGood);<br />
env->SetObjectField(obj, gFieldIds.mBatteryTechnology, env->NewStringUTF("1"));<br />
<br />
/*!!!comment out!!!<br />
const int SIZE = 128;<br />
char buf[SIZE];<br />
<br />
if (readFromFile(BATTERY_STATUS_PATH, buf, SIZE) > 0)<br />
env->SetIntField(obj, gFieldIds.mBatteryStatus, getBatteryStatus(buf));<br />
<br />
if (readFromFile(BATTERY_HEALTH_PATH, buf, SIZE) > 0)<br />
env->SetIntField(obj, gFieldIds.mBatteryHealth, getBatteryHealth(buf));<br />
<br />
if (readFromFile(BATTERY_TECHNOLOGY_PATH, buf, SIZE) > 0)<br />
env->SetObjectField(obj, gFieldIds.mBatteryTechnology, env->NewStringUTF(buf));<br />
*/<br />
}<br />
</source><br />
<br />
===Audio===<br />
{{Note| To do!!!}}<br />
<br />
===Touchscreen===<br />
{{Note| To do!!!}}<br />
====Change init.rc====<br />
Open $ANDROID_SOURCE/system/core/rootdir:<br />
<pre class="config"><br />
# create basic filesystem structure<br />
...<br />
# Touchscreen section<br />
export TSLIB_CONSOLEDEVICE=none<br />
export TSLIB_FBDEVICE=/dev/fb0<br />
export TSLIB_TSDEVICE=/dev/input/event1<br />
export TSLIB_CALIBFILE=/etc/pointercal<br />
export TSLIB_CONFFILE=/etc/ts.conf<br />
export TSLIB_PLUGINDIR=/lib/ts<br />
export LD_PRELOAD=/lib/libts.so:/lib/ts/pthres.so<br />
<br />
...<br />
on boot<br />
</pre><br />
===Android start up===<br />
====init.rc====<br />
Open $ANDROID_SOURCE/system/core/rootdir, comment the 'mount roofs' in read only mode and 'mount yaffs2' lines like this:<br />
<pre class="config"><br />
# mount rootfs rootfs / ro remount<br />
...<br />
# mount mtd partitions<br />
# Mount /system rw first to give the filesystem a chance to save a checkpoint<br />
# mount yaffs2 mtd@system /system <br />
# mount yaffs2 mtd@system /system ro remount<br />
<br />
# We chown/chmod /data again so because mount is run as root + defaults<br />
# mount yaffs2 mtd@userdata /data nosuid nodev<br />
chown system system /data<br />
chmod 0771 /data<br />
<br />
# Same reason as /data above<br />
# mount yaffs2 mtd@cache /cache nosuid nodev<br />
chown system cache /cache<br />
chmod 0770 /cache<br />
<br />
# This may have been created by the recovery system with odd permissions<br />
chown system system /cache/recovery<br />
chmod 0770 /cache/recovery<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
===Compile===<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ cd $ANDROID_SOURCE<br />
$ make<br />
</pre><br />
==Making RootFS==<br />
===Android Root File system===<br />
Android emulator has 3 basic images on tools/lib/images directory.<br />
* '''ramdisk.img''' is gziped cpio archive. ramdisk.img is a small partition image that is mounted read-only by the kernel at boot time. It only contains /init and a few config files. It is used to start init which will mount the rest of the system images properly and run the init procedure. A Ramdisk is a standard Linux feature. It is made just for the Android and do special things to start up the Android system.<br />
* '''system.img''' is a partition image that will be mounted as / and thus contains all system binaries.<br />
* '''userdata.img''' is a partition image that can be mounted as /data and thus contains all application-specific and user-specific data.<br />
<br />
===Create the Android root filesystem for apf27===<br />
Actually, Android should use a file system how support mmap function like yaffs2, ext2 or ubifs. Unfortunaly, U-Boot support only jffs2 or ext2. So we will use ext2 on a µSD for data.<br />
<br />
Android’s root file system is generated in $ANDROID_SOURCE/out/target/product/generic. We will create a folder containing all Android files images. <br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ sudo rm -rf $ANDROID_SOURCE/rootfs/<br />
$ cd $ANDROID_SOURCE/out/target/product/generic<br />
$ mkdir $ANDROID_SOURCE/rootfs<br />
$ cp -a root/* $ANDROID_SOURCE/rootfs/<br />
$ cp -a system/* $ANDROID_SOURCE/rootfs/system/<br />
$ cd $ANDROID_SOURCE/rootfs<br />
$ sudo chown -R root.root .<br />
$ sudo chmod -R a+rwX data system<br />
$ sudo mkfs.jffs2 -r $ANDROID_SOURCE/rootfs -o $TFTPBOOT/apf27-rootfs.arm.jffs2 -e 0x4000 -n<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
===Root file system on MMC/µSD card===<br />
====Formatting an MMC/µSD card====<br />
We will create two partitions on our mmc/µSD card, The first one will use for Android memory card, the second one will use for Android file system.<br />
First connect your card reader to your workstation, with the mmc/µSD card inside. Type the '''dmesg''' command to see which device is used by your workstation. Let’s assume that this device is '''/dev/sdb'''<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ dmesg<br />
...<br />
[ 9145.613954] sdb: sdb1 sdb2<br />
[ 9145.615125] sd 10:0:0:0: [sdc] Attached SCSI removable disk<br />
[ 9145.615258] sd 10:0:0:0: Attached scsi generic sg3 type 0<br />
</pre><br />
Type the mount command to check your currently mounted partitions. If MMC/SD partitions are mounted, unmount them.<br><br />
In a terminal edit partitions with fdisk:<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
sudo fdisk /dev/sdb<br />
</pre><br />
Delete any existing partition with the d command.<br><br />
Now, create the boot partition:<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
Command (m for help): n<br />
Command action<br />
e extended<br />
p primary partition (1-4)<br />
p<br />
Partition number (1-4): 1<br />
First cylinder (1-495, default 1): 1<br />
Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (1-239, default 239): +1G<br />
</pre><br />
Change its type to FAT32:<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
Command (m for help): t<br />
Selected partition 1<br />
Hex code (type L to list codes): c<br />
Changed system type of partition 1 to c (W95 FAT32 (LBA))<br />
</pre><br />
Using the n command again, create a second partition filling up the rest of your card (just accept default values).<br><br />
Now, format the partitions in your card:<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
sudo mkfs.vfat -n MemoryCard -F 32 /dev/sdb1<br />
sudo mkfs.ext2 -L AndroidFS /dev/sdb2<br />
</pre><br />
Remove and insert your card again. Your new partitions should be mounted automatically.<br><br />
====Copying data to the MMC/SD card====<br />
Now copy the Android root filesystem to the second partition.<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
sudo rsync -a $ANDROID_SOURCE/rootfs/ /media/AndroidFS/<br />
</pre><br />
Finish by unmounting your mmc/µSD partitions:<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
sudo umount /media/MemoryCard<br />
sudo umount /media/AndroidFS<br />
</pre><br />
====Boot setup====<br />
The last thing left to do is to specify how the board boots Linux.<br><br />
In the U-boot prompt, make the mmc boot is on second partition of the mmc/µSD card<br />
<pre class="apf"> <br />
# setenv mmcroot '/dev/mmcblk0p2 rw'<br />
</pre><br />
Now set the kernel command line arguments<br />
<pre class="apf"> <br />
# setenv addmmcargs 'setenv bootargs ${bootargs} root=${mmcroot} rootfstype=${mmcrootfstype} init=\init androidboot.console=ttyS0'<br />
# setenv bootcmd run mmcboot<br />
# saveenv<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
===Root file system on APF27 NAND memory===<br />
{{Note| wait the UBIFS integration in the u-boot loader}}<br />
====Boot setup====<br />
The last thing left to do is to specify how the board boots Linux. In the U-boot prompt, make the UBIFS boot.<br />
<pre class="apf"> <br />
# setenv addubifsargs 'setenv bootargs ${bootargs} root=/dev/mtdblock4 rootfstype=ubifs init=\init androidboot.console=ttyS0'<br />
# setenv ubifsboot 'setenv bootargs ${console} ${mtdparts};run addubifsargs addipargs; setenv autostart yes;nboot.ubifs A0000000 0 ${kernel_offset}'<br />
# setenv bootcmd run ubifsboot<br />
# saveenv<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
[[Image:Apf27_android.JPG]]<br />
<br />
==Debug 'n Test==<br />
===Trace on the console===<br />
Trace with '''strace'''<br />
<pre class="apf"> <br />
# mount /dev/mmcblk0p2 /mnt/mmc<br />
# strace chroot /mnt/mmc /init androidboot.console=ttyS0<br />
</pre><br />
Trave with '''logcat'''<br />
<pre class="apf"> <br />
# mount /dev/mmcblk0p2 /mnt/mmc<br />
# chroot /mnt/mmc /init androidboot.console=ttyS0 &<br />
# chroot /mnt/mmc /system/bin/logcat<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
===Test with Android emulator===<br />
Documentation on Android [http://developer.android.com/guide/developing/tools/emulator.html emulator]<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ cd $ANDROID_SOURCE/kernel<br />
$ make ARCH=arm goldfish_defconfig<br />
$ make ARCH=arm CROSS_COMPILE=$ANDROID_SOURCE/prebuilt/linux-x86/toolchain/arm-eabi-4.2.1/bin/arm-eabi<br />
# Create AVD (Android Virtual Device)<br />
$ $ANDROID_SDK/tools/android create avd -n APF27-H -t 2 -s 272x480<br />
$ $ANDROID_SDK/tools/android create avd -n APF27-L -t 2 -s 480x272<br />
$ $ANDROID_SOURCE/out/host/linux-x86/bin/emulator -avd APF27-H -sysdir $ANDROID_SOURCE/out/target/product/generic/ -kernel $ANDROID_SOURCE/kernel/arch/arm/boot/zImage -data $ANDROID_SOURCE/out/target/product/generic/userdata.img -ramdisk $ANDROID_SOURCE/out/target/product/generic/ramdisk.img -system $ANDROID_SOURCE/out/target/product/generic/system.img<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
==Links==<br />
* [http://elinux.org/Android Android page on elinux.org]<br />
** [http://elinux.org/Android_on_OMAP Android on OMAP portage page on elinux.org]<br />
* [http://wiki.openmoko.org/wiki/Android Android on OpenMoko]<br />
* http://wiki.kldp.org/wiki.php/AndroidPortingOnRealTarget</div>NicolasDhttp://armadeus.org/wiki/index.php?title=Android&diff=7336Android2009-09-09T13:30:15Z<p>NicolasD: /* UBIFS kernel configuration (2.6.29) */</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Under_Construction}}<br />
<br />
[[Image:Android-logo.png]]<br />
<br />
This page will sumarize the efforts made to have Android running on the APF boards.<br />
<br />
{{Note| Due to Android requirements (at least an ARM926 core), it is impossible to have it running on the APF9328}}<br />
<br />
==Some readings before starting==<br />
* http://developer.android.com/guide/basics/what-is-android.html<br />
<br />
==Prerequisites for Android installation==<br />
===Install needed software packages===<br />
* Install these package for build the kernel image and for format the mmc/µSD card<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ sudo apt-get install uboot-mkimage mtd-utils<br />
</pre><br />
* The Armadeus [[Toolchain]], only for Armadeus patches<br />
<br />
===Update the environment variables===<br />
Theses environment variables install the Android and Armadeus folder in our home directory, but of course, it can be placed anywhere!<br />
<pre class="config"><br />
export ANDROID_SOURCE=~/apf27droid<br />
export ANDROID_SDK=~/android-sdk-linux_x86-1.5_r3<br />
export ARMADEUS=~/armadeus-3.1<br />
export PATH=${PATH}:${ANDROID_SDK}/tools:${ANDROID_SOURCE}/bin<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
===Download Android source===<br />
The [http://source.android.com/download getting Android source] document describes how to set up our local work environment. <br />
Follow theses instructions until '''Installing Repo''' chapter.<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ mkdir $ANDROID_SOURCE<br />
$ cd $ANDROID_SOURCE<br />
$ mkdir bin<br />
$ curl http://android.git.kernel.org/repo >$ANDROID_SOURCE/bin/repo<br />
$ chmod a+x $ANDROID_SOURCE/bin/repo<br />
$ repo init -u git://android.git.kernel.org/platform/manifest.git -b android-sdk-1.5_r3<br />
$ repo sync<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
Since android-sdk-1.5_r3 branch, the Linux kernel isn't with the Android source, <br />
We can download it in a compress archive (tar.gz) file with this [http://android.git.kernel.org/?p=kernel/common.git;a=snapshot;h=refs/heads/android-2.6.29;sf=tgz android-kernel-2.6.29] (about (70Mib) or with git repository (more 300Mib)<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ mkdir $ANDROID_SOURCE/kernel<br />
$ cd $ANDROID_SOURCE/kernel<br />
$ git clone git://android.git.kernel.org/kernel/common.git android-2.6.29<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
==Linux Kernel 2.6.29==<br />
===Apply the Armadeus patchset===<br />
Before compiling the kernel, we patch the source with the Armadeus patches. In second time, I will give the URL to retrieve Linux 2.6.29.4 patch.<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ $ARMADEUS/buildroot/toolchain/patch-kernel.sh $ANDROID_SOURCE/kernel $ARMADEUS/downloads patch-2.6.29.4.bz2<br />
$ $ARMADEUS/buildroot/toolchain/patch-kernel.sh $ANDROID_SOURCE/kernel $ARMADEUS/buildroot/target/device/armadeus/linux/kernel-patches/2.6.29.4 \*.patch{,.gz,.bz2}<br />
$ mkdir $ANDROID_SOURCE/kernel/drivers/armadeus<br />
$ cp -r $ARMADEUS/target/linux/modules/* $ANDROID_SOURCE/kernel/drivers/armadeus<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
===Android kernel configuration (2.6.29)===<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ cp $ARMADEUS/buildroot/target/device/armadeus/apf27/apf27-linux-2.6.29.config $ANDROID_SOURCE/kernel/arch/arm/configs/apf27_android_defconfig<br />
$ cd $ANDROID_SOURCE/kernel<br />
$ make ARCH=arm mrproper<br />
$ make ARCH=arm apf27_android_defconfig<br />
$ make ARCH=arm menuconfig<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
Make sure your kernel boots normally on your board. Then enable some Android specific configuration and make sure that your kernel still boots (with your standard file system).<br />
*Android pmem allocator<br />
<pre class="config"><br />
Device Drivers ---><br />
[*] Misc devices ---><br />
[*] Android pmem allocator<br />
</pre><br />
* Android drivers<br />
<pre class="config"><br />
Device Drivers ---><br />
[*] Staging drivers ---> <br />
[ ] Exclude Staging drivers from being built (NEW)<br />
...<br />
Android ---><br />
[*] Android Drivers<br />
[*] Android Binder IPC Driver<br />
<*> Android log driver <br />
[ ] Android RAM buffer console<br />
[*] Timed output class driver (NEW)<br />
< > Android timed gpio driver (NEW)<br />
[*] Android Low Memory Killer <br />
</pre><br />
* Anonymous Shared Memory Subsystem<br />
<pre class="config"><br />
General setup ---><br />
[*] Enable the Anonymous Shared Memory Subsystem<br />
</pre><br />
===UBIFS kernel configuration (2.6.29)===<br />
<pre class="config"><br />
Device Drivers ---><br />
<*> Memory Technology Device (MTD) support ---><br />
UBI - Unsorted block images ---> <br />
<*> Enable UBI<br />
(4096) UBI wear-leveling threshold <br />
(1) Percentage of reserved eraseblocks for bad eraseblocks handling<br />
[ ] Emulate MTD devices<br />
*** UBI debugging options ***<br />
[ ] UBI debugging <br />
...<br />
File systems ---><br />
[*] Miscellaneous filesystems ---><br />
<*> UBIFS file system support<br />
[ ] Extended attributes support <br />
[ ] Advanced compression options<br />
[ ] Enable debugging<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
===Build Android kernel===<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ make ARCH=arm CROSS_COMPILE=$ANDROID_SOURCE/prebuilt/linux-x86/toolchain/arm-eabi-4.2.1/bin/arm-eabi- uImage<br />
$ cp $ANDROID_SOURCE/kernel/arch/arm/boot/uImage $TFTPBOOT/apf27-linux.bin<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
==Android==<br />
===Battery patch===<br />
At the beginning, reboot happened over again even though Android logo appeared on board.<br />
Result of investigation, we found that battery power was returned with 0 when boot.. Then, we changed to notify full battery to Android by ignoring the information under '''/sys/class/power_supply''' so that to prevent the power down by low battery '''$ANDROID_SOURCE/frameworks/base/services/jni/com_android_server_BatteryService.cpp'''<br />
*Change the battery service status as TRUE<br />
<source lang="c"><br />
static void setBooleanField(JNIEnv* env, jobject obj, const char* path, jfieldID fieldID)<br />
{<br />
const int SIZE = 16;<br />
char buf[SIZE];<br />
<br />
jboolean value = true; /* change false -> true */<br />
/*!!!comment out!!!<br />
if (readFromFile(path, buf, SIZE) > 0) {<br />
if (buf[0] == '1') {<br />
value = true;<br />
}<br />
}<br />
*/<br />
env->SetBooleanField(obj, fieldID, value);<br />
}<br />
</source><br />
*Change the volume, voltage and temperature of battery. Return 100%.<br />
<source lang="c"><br />
static void setIntField(JNIEnv* env, jobject obj, const char* path, jfieldID fieldID)<br />
{<br />
const int SIZE = 128;<br />
char buf[SIZE];<br />
<br />
jint value = 100; /* change 0 -> 100 */<br />
/*!!!comment out!!!<br />
if (readFromFile(path, buf, SIZE) > 0) {<br />
value = atoi(buf);<br />
}<br />
*/<br />
env->SetIntField(obj, fieldID, value);<br />
}<br />
</source><br />
*Change the battery charged status as full and deterioration status as fair.<br />
<source lang="c"><br />
static void android_server_BatteryService_update(JNIEnv* env, jobject obj)<br />
{<br />
setBooleanField(env, obj, AC_ONLINE_PATH, gFieldIds.mAcOnline);<br />
setBooleanField(env, obj, USB_ONLINE_PATH, gFieldIds.mUsbOnline);<br />
setBooleanField(env, obj, BATTERY_PRESENT_PATH, gFieldIds.mBatteryPresent);<br />
<br />
setIntField(env, obj, BATTERY_CAPACITY_PATH, gFieldIds.mBatteryLevel);<br />
setIntField(env, obj, BATTERY_VOLTAGE_PATH, gFieldIds.mBatteryVoltage);<br />
setIntField(env, obj, BATTERY_TEMPERATURE_PATH, gFieldIds.mBatteryTemperature);<br />
<br />
/* Change */<br />
env->SetIntField(obj, gFieldIds.mBatteryStatus, gConstants.statusFull);<br />
env->SetIntField(obj, gFieldIds.mBatteryHealth, gConstants.healthGood);<br />
env->SetObjectField(obj, gFieldIds.mBatteryTechnology, env->NewStringUTF("1"));<br />
<br />
/*!!!comment out!!!<br />
const int SIZE = 128;<br />
char buf[SIZE];<br />
<br />
if (readFromFile(BATTERY_STATUS_PATH, buf, SIZE) > 0)<br />
env->SetIntField(obj, gFieldIds.mBatteryStatus, getBatteryStatus(buf));<br />
<br />
if (readFromFile(BATTERY_HEALTH_PATH, buf, SIZE) > 0)<br />
env->SetIntField(obj, gFieldIds.mBatteryHealth, getBatteryHealth(buf));<br />
<br />
if (readFromFile(BATTERY_TECHNOLOGY_PATH, buf, SIZE) > 0)<br />
env->SetObjectField(obj, gFieldIds.mBatteryTechnology, env->NewStringUTF(buf));<br />
*/<br />
}<br />
</source><br />
<br />
===Audio===<br />
{{Note| To do!!!}}<br />
<br />
===Touchscreen===<br />
{{Note| To do!!!}}<br />
====Change init.rc====<br />
Open $ANDROID_SOURCE/system/core/rootdir:<br />
<pre class="config"><br />
# create basic filesystem structure<br />
...<br />
# Touchscreen section<br />
export TSLIB_CONSOLEDEVICE=none<br />
export TSLIB_FBDEVICE=/dev/fb0<br />
export TSLIB_TSDEVICE=/dev/input/event1<br />
export TSLIB_CALIBFILE=/etc/pointercal<br />
export TSLIB_CONFFILE=/etc/ts.conf<br />
export TSLIB_PLUGINDIR=/lib/ts<br />
export LD_PRELOAD=/lib/libts.so:/lib/ts/pthres.so<br />
<br />
...<br />
on boot<br />
</pre><br />
===Android start up===<br />
====init.rc====<br />
Open $ANDROID_SOURCE/system/core/rootdir, comment the 'mount roofs' in read only mode and 'mount yaffs2' lines like this:<br />
<pre class="config"><br />
# mount rootfs rootfs / ro remount<br />
...<br />
# mount mtd partitions<br />
# Mount /system rw first to give the filesystem a chance to save a checkpoint<br />
# mount yaffs2 mtd@system /system <br />
# mount yaffs2 mtd@system /system ro remount<br />
<br />
# We chown/chmod /data again so because mount is run as root + defaults<br />
# mount yaffs2 mtd@userdata /data nosuid nodev<br />
chown system system /data<br />
chmod 0771 /data<br />
<br />
# Same reason as /data above<br />
# mount yaffs2 mtd@cache /cache nosuid nodev<br />
chown system cache /cache<br />
chmod 0770 /cache<br />
<br />
# This may have been created by the recovery system with odd permissions<br />
chown system system /cache/recovery<br />
chmod 0770 /cache/recovery<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
===Compile===<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ cd $ANDROID_SOURCE<br />
$ make<br />
</pre><br />
==Making RootFS==<br />
===Android Root File system===<br />
Android emulator has 3 basic images on tools/lib/images directory.<br />
* '''ramdisk.img''' is gziped cpio archive. ramdisk.img is a small partition image that is mounted read-only by the kernel at boot time. It only contains /init and a few config files. It is used to start init which will mount the rest of the system images properly and run the init procedure. A Ramdisk is a standard Linux feature. It is made just for the Android and do special things to start up the Android system.<br />
* '''system.img''' is a partition image that will be mounted as / and thus contains all system binaries.<br />
* '''userdata.img''' is a partition image that can be mounted as /data and thus contains all application-specific and user-specific data.<br />
<br />
===Create the Android root filesystem for apf27===<br />
Actually, Android should use a file system how support mmap function like yaffs2, ext2 or ubifs. Unfortunaly, U-Boot support only jffs2 or ext2. So we will use ext2 root file system on a µSD.<br />
<br />
Android’s root file system is generated in $ANDROID_SOURCE/out/target/product/generic. We will create a folder containing all Android files images. <br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ sudo rm -rf $ANDROID_SOURCE/rootfs/<br />
$ cd $ANDROID_SOURCE/out/target/product/generic<br />
$ mkdir $ANDROID_SOURCE/rootfs<br />
$ cp -a root/* $ANDROID_SOURCE/rootfs/<br />
$ cp -a system/* $ANDROID_SOURCE/rootfs/system/<br />
$ cd $ANDROID_SOURCE/rootfs<br />
$ sudo chown -R root.root .<br />
$ sudo chmod -R a+rwX data system<br />
</pre><br />
===Root file system on MMC/µSD card===<br />
====Formatting an MMC/µSD card====<br />
We will create two partitions on our mmc/µSD card, The first one will use for Android memory card, the second one will use for Android file system.<br />
First connect your card reader to your workstation, with the mmc/µSD card inside. Type the '''dmesg''' command to see which device is used by your workstation. Let’s assume that this device is '''/dev/sdb'''<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ dmesg<br />
...<br />
[ 9145.613954] sdb: sdb1 sdb2<br />
[ 9145.615125] sd 10:0:0:0: [sdc] Attached SCSI removable disk<br />
[ 9145.615258] sd 10:0:0:0: Attached scsi generic sg3 type 0<br />
</pre><br />
Type the mount command to check your currently mounted partitions. If MMC/SD partitions are mounted, unmount them.<br><br />
In a terminal edit partitions with fdisk:<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
sudo fdisk /dev/sdb<br />
</pre><br />
Delete any existing partition with the d command.<br><br />
Now, create the boot partition:<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
Command (m for help): n<br />
Command action<br />
e extended<br />
p primary partition (1-4)<br />
p<br />
Partition number (1-4): 1<br />
First cylinder (1-495, default 1): 1<br />
Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (1-239, default 239): +1G<br />
</pre><br />
Change its type to FAT32:<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
Command (m for help): t<br />
Selected partition 1<br />
Hex code (type L to list codes): c<br />
Changed system type of partition 1 to c (W95 FAT32 (LBA))<br />
</pre><br />
Using the n command again, create a second partition filling up the rest of your card (just accept default values).<br><br />
Now, format the partitions in your card:<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
sudo mkfs.vfat -n MemoryCard -F 32 /dev/sdb1<br />
sudo mkfs.ext2 -L AndroidFS /dev/sdb2<br />
</pre><br />
Remove and insert your card again. Your new partitions should be mounted automatically.<br><br />
====Copying data to the MMC/SD card====<br />
Now copy the Android root filesystem to the second partition.<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
sudo rsync -a $ANDROID_SOURCE/rootfs/ /media/AndroidFS/<br />
</pre><br />
Finish by unmounting your mmc/µSD partitions:<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
sudo umount /media/MemoryCard<br />
sudo umount /media/AndroidFS<br />
</pre><br />
====Boot setup====<br />
The last thing left to do is to specify how the board boots Linux.<br><br />
In the U-boot prompt, make the mmc boot is on second partition of the mmc/µSD card<br />
<pre class="apf"> <br />
# setenv mmcroot '/dev/mmcblk0p2 rw'<br />
</pre><br />
Now set the kernel command line arguments<br />
<pre class="apf"> <br />
# setenv addmmcargs 'setenv bootargs ${bootargs} root=${mmcroot} rootfstype=${mmcrootfstype} init=\init androidboot.console=ttyS0'<br />
# setenv bootcmd run mmcboot<br />
# saveenv<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
===Root file system on APF27 NAND memory===<br />
{{Note| wait the UBIFS integration in the u-boot loader}}<br />
====Boot setup====<br />
The last thing left to do is to specify how the board boots Linux. In the U-boot prompt, make the UBIFS boot.<br />
<pre class="apf"> <br />
# setenv addubifsargs 'setenv bootargs ${bootargs} root=/dev/mtdblock4 rootfstype=ubifs init=\init androidboot.console=ttyS0'<br />
# setenv ubifsboot 'setenv bootargs ${console} ${mtdparts};run addubifsargs addipargs; setenv autostart yes;nboot.ubifs A0000000 0 ${kernel_offset}'<br />
# setenv bootcmd run ubifsboot<br />
# saveenv<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
[[Image:Apf27_android.JPG]]<br />
<br />
==Debug 'n Test==<br />
===Trace on the console===<br />
Trace with '''strace'''<br />
<pre class="apf"> <br />
# mount /dev/mmcblk0p2 /mnt/mmc<br />
# strace chroot /mnt/mmc /init androidboot.console=ttyS0<br />
</pre><br />
Trave with '''logcat'''<br />
<pre class="apf"> <br />
# mount /dev/mmcblk0p2 /mnt/mmc<br />
# chroot /mnt/mmc /init androidboot.console=ttyS0 &<br />
# chroot /mnt/mmc /system/bin/logcat<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
===Test with Android emulator===<br />
Documentation on Android [http://developer.android.com/guide/developing/tools/emulator.html emulator]<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ cd $ANDROID_SOURCE/kernel<br />
$ make ARCH=arm goldfish_defconfig<br />
$ make ARCH=arm CROSS_COMPILE=$ANDROID_SOURCE/prebuilt/linux-x86/toolchain/arm-eabi-4.2.1/bin/arm-eabi<br />
# Create AVD (Android Virtual Device)<br />
$ $ANDROID_SDK/tools/android create avd -n APF27-H -t 2 -s 272x480<br />
$ $ANDROID_SDK/tools/android create avd -n APF27-L -t 2 -s 480x272<br />
$ $ANDROID_SOURCE/out/host/linux-x86/bin/emulator -avd APF27-H -sysdir $ANDROID_SOURCE/out/target/product/generic/ -kernel $ANDROID_SOURCE/kernel/arch/arm/boot/zImage -data $ANDROID_SOURCE/out/target/product/generic/userdata.img -ramdisk $ANDROID_SOURCE/out/target/product/generic/ramdisk.img -system $ANDROID_SOURCE/out/target/product/generic/system.img<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
==Links==<br />
* [http://elinux.org/Android Android page on elinux.org]<br />
** [http://elinux.org/Android_on_OMAP Android on OMAP portage page on elinux.org]<br />
* [http://wiki.openmoko.org/wiki/Android Android on OpenMoko]<br />
* http://wiki.kldp.org/wiki.php/AndroidPortingOnRealTarget</div>NicolasDhttp://armadeus.org/wiki/index.php?title=Android&diff=7335Android2009-09-09T13:07:56Z<p>NicolasD: /* Android kernel configuration (2.6.29) - UBIFS*/</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Under_Construction}}<br />
<br />
[[Image:Android-logo.png]]<br />
<br />
This page will sumarize the efforts made to have Android running on the APF boards.<br />
<br />
{{Note| Due to Android requirements (at least an ARM926 core), it is impossible to have it running on the APF9328}}<br />
<br />
==Some readings before starting==<br />
* http://developer.android.com/guide/basics/what-is-android.html<br />
<br />
==Prerequisites for Android installation==<br />
===Install needed software packages===<br />
* Install these package for build the kernel image and for format the mmc/µSD card<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ sudo apt-get install uboot-mkimage mtd-utils<br />
</pre><br />
* The Armadeus [[Toolchain]], only for Armadeus patches<br />
<br />
===Update the environment variables===<br />
Theses environment variables install the Android and Armadeus folder in our home directory, but of course, it can be placed anywhere!<br />
<pre class="config"><br />
export ANDROID_SOURCE=~/apf27droid<br />
export ANDROID_SDK=~/android-sdk-linux_x86-1.5_r3<br />
export ARMADEUS=~/armadeus-3.1<br />
export PATH=${PATH}:${ANDROID_SDK}/tools:${ANDROID_SOURCE}/bin<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
===Download Android source===<br />
The [http://source.android.com/download getting Android source] document describes how to set up our local work environment. <br />
Follow theses instructions until '''Installing Repo''' chapter.<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ mkdir $ANDROID_SOURCE<br />
$ cd $ANDROID_SOURCE<br />
$ mkdir bin<br />
$ curl http://android.git.kernel.org/repo >$ANDROID_SOURCE/bin/repo<br />
$ chmod a+x $ANDROID_SOURCE/bin/repo<br />
$ repo init -u git://android.git.kernel.org/platform/manifest.git -b android-sdk-1.5_r3<br />
$ repo sync<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
Since android-sdk-1.5_r3 branch, the Linux kernel isn't with the Android source, <br />
We can download it in a compress archive (tar.gz) file with this [http://android.git.kernel.org/?p=kernel/common.git;a=snapshot;h=refs/heads/android-2.6.29;sf=tgz android-kernel-2.6.29] (about (70Mib) or with git repository (more 300Mib)<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ mkdir $ANDROID_SOURCE/kernel<br />
$ cd $ANDROID_SOURCE/kernel<br />
$ git clone git://android.git.kernel.org/kernel/common.git android-2.6.29<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
==Linux Kernel 2.6.29==<br />
===Apply the Armadeus patchset===<br />
Before compiling the kernel, we patch the source with the Armadeus patches. In second time, I will give the URL to retrieve Linux 2.6.29.4 patch.<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ $ARMADEUS/buildroot/toolchain/patch-kernel.sh $ANDROID_SOURCE/kernel $ARMADEUS/downloads patch-2.6.29.4.bz2<br />
$ $ARMADEUS/buildroot/toolchain/patch-kernel.sh $ANDROID_SOURCE/kernel $ARMADEUS/buildroot/target/device/armadeus/linux/kernel-patches/2.6.29.4 \*.patch{,.gz,.bz2}<br />
$ mkdir $ANDROID_SOURCE/kernel/drivers/armadeus<br />
$ cp -r $ARMADEUS/target/linux/modules/* $ANDROID_SOURCE/kernel/drivers/armadeus<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
===Android kernel configuration (2.6.29)===<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ cp $ARMADEUS/buildroot/target/device/armadeus/apf27/apf27-linux-2.6.29.config $ANDROID_SOURCE/kernel/arch/arm/configs/apf27_android_defconfig<br />
$ cd $ANDROID_SOURCE/kernel<br />
$ make ARCH=arm mrproper<br />
$ make ARCH=arm apf27_android_defconfig<br />
$ make ARCH=arm menuconfig<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
Make sure your kernel boots normally on your board. Then enable some Android specific configuration and make sure that your kernel still boots (with your standard file system).<br />
*Android pmem allocator<br />
<pre class="config"><br />
Device Drivers ---><br />
[*] Misc devices ---><br />
[*] Android pmem allocator<br />
</pre><br />
* Android drivers<br />
<pre class="config"><br />
Device Drivers ---><br />
[*] Staging drivers ---> <br />
[ ] Exclude Staging drivers from being built (NEW)<br />
...<br />
Android ---><br />
[*] Android Drivers<br />
[*] Android Binder IPC Driver<br />
<*> Android log driver <br />
[ ] Android RAM buffer console<br />
[*] Timed output class driver (NEW)<br />
< > Android timed gpio driver (NEW)<br />
[*] Android Low Memory Killer <br />
</pre><br />
* Anonymous Shared Memory Subsystem<br />
<pre class="config"><br />
General setup ---><br />
[*] Enable the Anonymous Shared Memory Subsystem<br />
</pre><br />
* UBIFS<br />
<pre class="config"><br />
Device Drivers ---><br />
<*> Memory Technology Device (MTD) support ---><br />
UBI - Unsorted block images ---> <br />
<*> Enable UBI<br />
(4096) UBI wear-leveling threshold <br />
(1) Percentage of reserved eraseblocks for bad eraseblocks handling<br />
[ ] Emulate MTD devices<br />
*** UBI debugging options ***<br />
[ ] UBI debugging <br />
...<br />
File systems ---><br />
[*] Miscellaneous filesystems ---><br />
<*> UBIFS file system support<br />
[ ] Extended attributes support <br />
[ ] Advanced compression options<br />
[ ] Enable debugging<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
===Build Android kernel===<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ make ARCH=arm CROSS_COMPILE=$ANDROID_SOURCE/prebuilt/linux-x86/toolchain/arm-eabi-4.2.1/bin/arm-eabi- uImage<br />
$ cp $ANDROID_SOURCE/kernel/arch/arm/boot/uImage $TFTPBOOT/apf27-linux.bin<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
==Android==<br />
===Battery patch===<br />
At the beginning, reboot happened over again even though Android logo appeared on board.<br />
Result of investigation, we found that battery power was returned with 0 when boot.. Then, we changed to notify full battery to Android by ignoring the information under '''/sys/class/power_supply''' so that to prevent the power down by low battery '''$ANDROID_SOURCE/frameworks/base/services/jni/com_android_server_BatteryService.cpp'''<br />
*Change the battery service status as TRUE<br />
<source lang="c"><br />
static void setBooleanField(JNIEnv* env, jobject obj, const char* path, jfieldID fieldID)<br />
{<br />
const int SIZE = 16;<br />
char buf[SIZE];<br />
<br />
jboolean value = true; /* change false -> true */<br />
/*!!!comment out!!!<br />
if (readFromFile(path, buf, SIZE) > 0) {<br />
if (buf[0] == '1') {<br />
value = true;<br />
}<br />
}<br />
*/<br />
env->SetBooleanField(obj, fieldID, value);<br />
}<br />
</source><br />
*Change the volume, voltage and temperature of battery. Return 100%.<br />
<source lang="c"><br />
static void setIntField(JNIEnv* env, jobject obj, const char* path, jfieldID fieldID)<br />
{<br />
const int SIZE = 128;<br />
char buf[SIZE];<br />
<br />
jint value = 100; /* change 0 -> 100 */<br />
/*!!!comment out!!!<br />
if (readFromFile(path, buf, SIZE) > 0) {<br />
value = atoi(buf);<br />
}<br />
*/<br />
env->SetIntField(obj, fieldID, value);<br />
}<br />
</source><br />
*Change the battery charged status as full and deterioration status as fair.<br />
<source lang="c"><br />
static void android_server_BatteryService_update(JNIEnv* env, jobject obj)<br />
{<br />
setBooleanField(env, obj, AC_ONLINE_PATH, gFieldIds.mAcOnline);<br />
setBooleanField(env, obj, USB_ONLINE_PATH, gFieldIds.mUsbOnline);<br />
setBooleanField(env, obj, BATTERY_PRESENT_PATH, gFieldIds.mBatteryPresent);<br />
<br />
setIntField(env, obj, BATTERY_CAPACITY_PATH, gFieldIds.mBatteryLevel);<br />
setIntField(env, obj, BATTERY_VOLTAGE_PATH, gFieldIds.mBatteryVoltage);<br />
setIntField(env, obj, BATTERY_TEMPERATURE_PATH, gFieldIds.mBatteryTemperature);<br />
<br />
/* Change */<br />
env->SetIntField(obj, gFieldIds.mBatteryStatus, gConstants.statusFull);<br />
env->SetIntField(obj, gFieldIds.mBatteryHealth, gConstants.healthGood);<br />
env->SetObjectField(obj, gFieldIds.mBatteryTechnology, env->NewStringUTF("1"));<br />
<br />
/*!!!comment out!!!<br />
const int SIZE = 128;<br />
char buf[SIZE];<br />
<br />
if (readFromFile(BATTERY_STATUS_PATH, buf, SIZE) > 0)<br />
env->SetIntField(obj, gFieldIds.mBatteryStatus, getBatteryStatus(buf));<br />
<br />
if (readFromFile(BATTERY_HEALTH_PATH, buf, SIZE) > 0)<br />
env->SetIntField(obj, gFieldIds.mBatteryHealth, getBatteryHealth(buf));<br />
<br />
if (readFromFile(BATTERY_TECHNOLOGY_PATH, buf, SIZE) > 0)<br />
env->SetObjectField(obj, gFieldIds.mBatteryTechnology, env->NewStringUTF(buf));<br />
*/<br />
}<br />
</source><br />
<br />
===Audio===<br />
{{Note| To do!!!}}<br />
<br />
===Touchscreen===<br />
{{Note| To do!!!}}<br />
====Change init.rc====<br />
Open $ANDROID_SOURCE/system/core/rootdir:<br />
<pre class="config"><br />
# create basic filesystem structure<br />
...<br />
# Touchscreen section<br />
export TSLIB_CONSOLEDEVICE=none<br />
export TSLIB_FBDEVICE=/dev/fb0<br />
export TSLIB_TSDEVICE=/dev/input/event1<br />
export TSLIB_CALIBFILE=/etc/pointercal<br />
export TSLIB_CONFFILE=/etc/ts.conf<br />
export TSLIB_PLUGINDIR=/lib/ts<br />
export LD_PRELOAD=/lib/libts.so:/lib/ts/pthres.so<br />
<br />
...<br />
on boot<br />
</pre><br />
===Android start up===<br />
====init.rc====<br />
Open $ANDROID_SOURCE/system/core/rootdir, comment the 'mount roofs' in read only mode and 'mount yaffs2' lines like this:<br />
<pre class="config"><br />
# mount rootfs rootfs / ro remount<br />
...<br />
# mount mtd partitions<br />
# Mount /system rw first to give the filesystem a chance to save a checkpoint<br />
# mount yaffs2 mtd@system /system <br />
# mount yaffs2 mtd@system /system ro remount<br />
<br />
# We chown/chmod /data again so because mount is run as root + defaults<br />
# mount yaffs2 mtd@userdata /data nosuid nodev<br />
chown system system /data<br />
chmod 0771 /data<br />
<br />
# Same reason as /data above<br />
# mount yaffs2 mtd@cache /cache nosuid nodev<br />
chown system cache /cache<br />
chmod 0770 /cache<br />
<br />
# This may have been created by the recovery system with odd permissions<br />
chown system system /cache/recovery<br />
chmod 0770 /cache/recovery<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
===Compile===<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ cd $ANDROID_SOURCE<br />
$ make<br />
</pre><br />
==Making RootFS==<br />
===Android Root File system===<br />
Android emulator has 3 basic images on tools/lib/images directory.<br />
* '''ramdisk.img''' is gziped cpio archive. ramdisk.img is a small partition image that is mounted read-only by the kernel at boot time. It only contains /init and a few config files. It is used to start init which will mount the rest of the system images properly and run the init procedure. A Ramdisk is a standard Linux feature. It is made just for the Android and do special things to start up the Android system.<br />
* '''system.img''' is a partition image that will be mounted as / and thus contains all system binaries.<br />
* '''userdata.img''' is a partition image that can be mounted as /data and thus contains all application-specific and user-specific data.<br />
<br />
===Create the Android root filesystem for apf27===<br />
Actually, Android should use a file system how support mmap function like yaffs2, ext2 or ubifs. Unfortunaly, U-Boot support only jffs2 or ext2. So we will use ext2 root file system on a µSD.<br />
<br />
Android’s root file system is generated in $ANDROID_SOURCE/out/target/product/generic. We will create a folder containing all Android files images. <br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ sudo rm -rf $ANDROID_SOURCE/rootfs/<br />
$ cd $ANDROID_SOURCE/out/target/product/generic<br />
$ mkdir $ANDROID_SOURCE/rootfs<br />
$ cp -a root/* $ANDROID_SOURCE/rootfs/<br />
$ cp -a system/* $ANDROID_SOURCE/rootfs/system/<br />
$ cd $ANDROID_SOURCE/rootfs<br />
$ sudo chown -R root.root .<br />
$ sudo chmod -R a+rwX data system<br />
</pre><br />
===Root file system on MMC/µSD card===<br />
====Formatting an MMC/µSD card====<br />
We will create two partitions on our mmc/µSD card, The first one will use for Android memory card, the second one will use for Android file system.<br />
First connect your card reader to your workstation, with the mmc/µSD card inside. Type the '''dmesg''' command to see which device is used by your workstation. Let’s assume that this device is '''/dev/sdb'''<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ dmesg<br />
...<br />
[ 9145.613954] sdb: sdb1 sdb2<br />
[ 9145.615125] sd 10:0:0:0: [sdc] Attached SCSI removable disk<br />
[ 9145.615258] sd 10:0:0:0: Attached scsi generic sg3 type 0<br />
</pre><br />
Type the mount command to check your currently mounted partitions. If MMC/SD partitions are mounted, unmount them.<br><br />
In a terminal edit partitions with fdisk:<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
sudo fdisk /dev/sdb<br />
</pre><br />
Delete any existing partition with the d command.<br><br />
Now, create the boot partition:<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
Command (m for help): n<br />
Command action<br />
e extended<br />
p primary partition (1-4)<br />
p<br />
Partition number (1-4): 1<br />
First cylinder (1-495, default 1): 1<br />
Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (1-239, default 239): +1G<br />
</pre><br />
Change its type to FAT32:<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
Command (m for help): t<br />
Selected partition 1<br />
Hex code (type L to list codes): c<br />
Changed system type of partition 1 to c (W95 FAT32 (LBA))<br />
</pre><br />
Using the n command again, create a second partition filling up the rest of your card (just accept default values).<br><br />
Now, format the partitions in your card:<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
sudo mkfs.vfat -n MemoryCard -F 32 /dev/sdb1<br />
sudo mkfs.ext2 -L AndroidFS /dev/sdb2<br />
</pre><br />
Remove and insert your card again. Your new partitions should be mounted automatically.<br><br />
====Copying data to the MMC/SD card====<br />
Now copy the Android root filesystem to the second partition.<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
sudo rsync -a $ANDROID_SOURCE/rootfs/ /media/AndroidFS/<br />
</pre><br />
Finish by unmounting your mmc/µSD partitions:<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
sudo umount /media/MemoryCard<br />
sudo umount /media/AndroidFS<br />
</pre><br />
====Boot setup====<br />
The last thing left to do is to specify how the board boots Linux.<br><br />
In the U-boot prompt, make the mmc boot is on second partition of the mmc/µSD card<br />
<pre class="apf"> <br />
# setenv mmcroot '/dev/mmcblk0p2 rw'<br />
</pre><br />
Now set the kernel command line arguments<br />
<pre class="apf"> <br />
# setenv addmmcargs 'setenv bootargs ${bootargs} root=${mmcroot} rootfstype=${mmcrootfstype} init=\init androidboot.console=ttyS0'<br />
# setenv bootcmd run mmcboot<br />
# saveenv<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
===Root file system on APF27 NAND memory===<br />
{{Note| wait the UBIFS integration in the u-boot loader}}<br />
====Boot setup====<br />
The last thing left to do is to specify how the board boots Linux. In the U-boot prompt, make the UBIFS boot.<br />
<pre class="apf"> <br />
# setenv addubifsargs 'setenv bootargs ${bootargs} root=/dev/mtdblock4 rootfstype=ubifs init=\init androidboot.console=ttyS0'<br />
# setenv ubifsboot 'setenv bootargs ${console} ${mtdparts};run addubifsargs addipargs; setenv autostart yes;nboot.ubifs A0000000 0 ${kernel_offset}'<br />
# setenv bootcmd run ubifsboot<br />
# saveenv<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
[[Image:Apf27_android.JPG]]<br />
<br />
==Debug 'n Test==<br />
===Trace on the console===<br />
Trace with '''strace'''<br />
<pre class="apf"> <br />
# mount /dev/mmcblk0p2 /mnt/mmc<br />
# strace chroot /mnt/mmc /init androidboot.console=ttyS0<br />
</pre><br />
Trave with '''logcat'''<br />
<pre class="apf"> <br />
# mount /dev/mmcblk0p2 /mnt/mmc<br />
# chroot /mnt/mmc /init androidboot.console=ttyS0 &<br />
# chroot /mnt/mmc /system/bin/logcat<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
===Test with Android emulator===<br />
Documentation on Android [http://developer.android.com/guide/developing/tools/emulator.html emulator]<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ cd $ANDROID_SOURCE/kernel<br />
$ make ARCH=arm goldfish_defconfig<br />
$ make ARCH=arm CROSS_COMPILE=$ANDROID_SOURCE/prebuilt/linux-x86/toolchain/arm-eabi-4.2.1/bin/arm-eabi<br />
# Create AVD (Android Virtual Device)<br />
$ $ANDROID_SDK/tools/android create avd -n APF27-H -t 2 -s 272x480<br />
$ $ANDROID_SDK/tools/android create avd -n APF27-L -t 2 -s 480x272<br />
$ $ANDROID_SOURCE/out/host/linux-x86/bin/emulator -avd APF27-H -sysdir $ANDROID_SOURCE/out/target/product/generic/ -kernel $ANDROID_SOURCE/kernel/arch/arm/boot/zImage -data $ANDROID_SOURCE/out/target/product/generic/userdata.img -ramdisk $ANDROID_SOURCE/out/target/product/generic/ramdisk.img -system $ANDROID_SOURCE/out/target/product/generic/system.img<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
==Links==<br />
* [http://elinux.org/Android Android page on elinux.org]<br />
** [http://elinux.org/Android_on_OMAP Android on OMAP portage page on elinux.org]<br />
* [http://wiki.openmoko.org/wiki/Android Android on OpenMoko]<br />
* http://wiki.kldp.org/wiki.php/AndroidPortingOnRealTarget</div>NicolasDhttp://armadeus.org/wiki/index.php?title=Android&diff=7334Android2009-09-09T12:48:41Z<p>NicolasD: Android document organization + UBIFS notes + touchscreen note</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Under_Construction}}<br />
<br />
[[Image:Android-logo.png]]<br />
<br />
This page will sumarize the efforts made to have Android running on the APF boards.<br />
<br />
{{Note| Due to Android requirements (at least an ARM926 core), it is impossible to have it running on the APF9328}}<br />
<br />
==Some readings before starting==<br />
* http://developer.android.com/guide/basics/what-is-android.html<br />
<br />
==Prerequisites for Android installation==<br />
===Install needed software packages===<br />
* Install these package for build the kernel image and for format the mmc/µSD card<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ sudo apt-get install uboot-mkimage mtd-utils<br />
</pre><br />
* The Armadeus [[Toolchain]], only for Armadeus patches<br />
<br />
===Update the environment variables===<br />
Theses environment variables install the Android and Armadeus folder in our home directory, but of course, it can be placed anywhere!<br />
<pre class="config"><br />
export ANDROID_SOURCE=~/apf27droid<br />
export ANDROID_SDK=~/android-sdk-linux_x86-1.5_r3<br />
export ARMADEUS=~/armadeus-3.1<br />
export PATH=${PATH}:${ANDROID_SDK}/tools:${ANDROID_SOURCE}/bin<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
===Download Android source===<br />
The [http://source.android.com/download getting Android source] document describes how to set up our local work environment. <br />
Follow theses instructions until '''Installing Repo''' chapter.<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ mkdir $ANDROID_SOURCE<br />
$ cd $ANDROID_SOURCE<br />
$ mkdir bin<br />
$ curl http://android.git.kernel.org/repo >$ANDROID_SOURCE/bin/repo<br />
$ chmod a+x $ANDROID_SOURCE/bin/repo<br />
$ repo init -u git://android.git.kernel.org/platform/manifest.git -b android-sdk-1.5_r3<br />
$ repo sync<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
Since android-sdk-1.5_r3 branch, the Linux kernel isn't with the Android source, <br />
We can download it in a compress archive (tar.gz) file with this [http://android.git.kernel.org/?p=kernel/common.git;a=snapshot;h=refs/heads/android-2.6.29;sf=tgz android-kernel-2.6.29] (about (70Mib) or with git repository (more 300Mib)<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ mkdir $ANDROID_SOURCE/kernel<br />
$ cd $ANDROID_SOURCE/kernel<br />
$ git clone git://android.git.kernel.org/kernel/common.git android-2.6.29<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
==Linux Kernel 2.6.29==<br />
===Apply the Armadeus patchset===<br />
Before compiling the kernel, we patch the source with the Armadeus patches. In second time, I will give the URL to retrieve Linux 2.6.29.4 patch.<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ $ARMADEUS/buildroot/toolchain/patch-kernel.sh $ANDROID_SOURCE/kernel $ARMADEUS/downloads patch-2.6.29.4.bz2<br />
$ $ARMADEUS/buildroot/toolchain/patch-kernel.sh $ANDROID_SOURCE/kernel $ARMADEUS/buildroot/target/device/armadeus/linux/kernel-patches/2.6.29.4 \*.patch{,.gz,.bz2}<br />
$ mkdir $ANDROID_SOURCE/kernel/drivers/armadeus<br />
$ cp -r $ARMADEUS/target/linux/modules/* $ANDROID_SOURCE/kernel/drivers/armadeus<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
===Android kernel configuration (2.6.29)===<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ cp $ARMADEUS/buildroot/target/device/armadeus/apf27/apf27-linux-2.6.29.config $ANDROID_SOURCE/kernel/arch/arm/configs/apf27_android_defconfig<br />
$ cd $ANDROID_SOURCE/kernel<br />
$ make ARCH=arm mrproper<br />
$ make ARCH=arm apf27_android_defconfig<br />
$ make ARCH=arm menuconfig<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
Make sure your kernel boots normally on your board. Then enable some Android specific configuration and make sure that your kernel still boots (with your standard file system).<br />
*Android pmem allocator<br />
<pre class="config"><br />
Device Drivers ---><br />
[*] Misc devices ---><br />
[*] Android pmem allocator<br />
</pre><br />
* Android drivers<br />
<pre class="config"><br />
Device Drivers ---><br />
[*] Staging drivers ---> <br />
[ ] Exclude Staging drivers from being built (NEW)<br />
...<br />
Android ---><br />
[*] Android Drivers<br />
[*] Android Binder IPC Driver<br />
<*> Android log driver <br />
[ ] Android RAM buffer console<br />
[*] Timed output class driver (NEW)<br />
< > Android timed gpio driver (NEW)<br />
[*] Android Low Memory Killer <br />
</pre><br />
* Anonymous Shared Memory Subsystem<br />
<pre class="config"><br />
General setup ---><br />
[*] Enable the Anonymous Shared Memory Subsystem<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
===Build Android kernel===<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ make ARCH=arm CROSS_COMPILE=$ANDROID_SOURCE/prebuilt/linux-x86/toolchain/arm-eabi-4.2.1/bin/arm-eabi- uImage<br />
$ cp $ANDROID_SOURCE/kernel/arch/arm/boot/uImage $TFTPBOOT/apf27-linux.bin<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
==Android==<br />
===Battery patch===<br />
At the beginning, reboot happened over again even though Android logo appeared on board.<br />
Result of investigation, we found that battery power was returned with 0 when boot.. Then, we changed to notify full battery to Android by ignoring the information under '''/sys/class/power_supply''' so that to prevent the power down by low battery '''$ANDROID_SOURCE/frameworks/base/services/jni/com_android_server_BatteryService.cpp'''<br />
*Change the battery service status as TRUE<br />
<source lang="c"><br />
static void setBooleanField(JNIEnv* env, jobject obj, const char* path, jfieldID fieldID)<br />
{<br />
const int SIZE = 16;<br />
char buf[SIZE];<br />
<br />
jboolean value = true; /* change false -> true */<br />
/*!!!comment out!!!<br />
if (readFromFile(path, buf, SIZE) > 0) {<br />
if (buf[0] == '1') {<br />
value = true;<br />
}<br />
}<br />
*/<br />
env->SetBooleanField(obj, fieldID, value);<br />
}<br />
</source><br />
*Change the volume, voltage and temperature of battery. Return 100%.<br />
<source lang="c"><br />
static void setIntField(JNIEnv* env, jobject obj, const char* path, jfieldID fieldID)<br />
{<br />
const int SIZE = 128;<br />
char buf[SIZE];<br />
<br />
jint value = 100; /* change 0 -> 100 */<br />
/*!!!comment out!!!<br />
if (readFromFile(path, buf, SIZE) > 0) {<br />
value = atoi(buf);<br />
}<br />
*/<br />
env->SetIntField(obj, fieldID, value);<br />
}<br />
</source><br />
*Change the battery charged status as full and deterioration status as fair.<br />
<source lang="c"><br />
static void android_server_BatteryService_update(JNIEnv* env, jobject obj)<br />
{<br />
setBooleanField(env, obj, AC_ONLINE_PATH, gFieldIds.mAcOnline);<br />
setBooleanField(env, obj, USB_ONLINE_PATH, gFieldIds.mUsbOnline);<br />
setBooleanField(env, obj, BATTERY_PRESENT_PATH, gFieldIds.mBatteryPresent);<br />
<br />
setIntField(env, obj, BATTERY_CAPACITY_PATH, gFieldIds.mBatteryLevel);<br />
setIntField(env, obj, BATTERY_VOLTAGE_PATH, gFieldIds.mBatteryVoltage);<br />
setIntField(env, obj, BATTERY_TEMPERATURE_PATH, gFieldIds.mBatteryTemperature);<br />
<br />
/* Change */<br />
env->SetIntField(obj, gFieldIds.mBatteryStatus, gConstants.statusFull);<br />
env->SetIntField(obj, gFieldIds.mBatteryHealth, gConstants.healthGood);<br />
env->SetObjectField(obj, gFieldIds.mBatteryTechnology, env->NewStringUTF("1"));<br />
<br />
/*!!!comment out!!!<br />
const int SIZE = 128;<br />
char buf[SIZE];<br />
<br />
if (readFromFile(BATTERY_STATUS_PATH, buf, SIZE) > 0)<br />
env->SetIntField(obj, gFieldIds.mBatteryStatus, getBatteryStatus(buf));<br />
<br />
if (readFromFile(BATTERY_HEALTH_PATH, buf, SIZE) > 0)<br />
env->SetIntField(obj, gFieldIds.mBatteryHealth, getBatteryHealth(buf));<br />
<br />
if (readFromFile(BATTERY_TECHNOLOGY_PATH, buf, SIZE) > 0)<br />
env->SetObjectField(obj, gFieldIds.mBatteryTechnology, env->NewStringUTF(buf));<br />
*/<br />
}<br />
</source><br />
<br />
===Audio===<br />
{{Note| To do!!!}}<br />
<br />
===Touchscreen===<br />
{{Note| To do!!!}}<br />
====Change init.rc====<br />
Open $ANDROID_SOURCE/system/core/rootdir:<br />
<pre class="config"><br />
# create basic filesystem structure<br />
...<br />
# Touchscreen section<br />
export TSLIB_CONSOLEDEVICE=none<br />
export TSLIB_FBDEVICE=/dev/fb0<br />
export TSLIB_TSDEVICE=/dev/input/event1<br />
export TSLIB_CALIBFILE=/etc/pointercal<br />
export TSLIB_CONFFILE=/etc/ts.conf<br />
export TSLIB_PLUGINDIR=/lib/ts<br />
export LD_PRELOAD=/lib/libts.so:/lib/ts/pthres.so<br />
<br />
...<br />
on boot<br />
</pre><br />
===Android start up===<br />
====init.rc====<br />
Open $ANDROID_SOURCE/system/core/rootdir, comment the 'mount roofs' in read only mode and 'mount yaffs2' lines like this:<br />
<pre class="config"><br />
# mount rootfs rootfs / ro remount<br />
...<br />
# mount mtd partitions<br />
# Mount /system rw first to give the filesystem a chance to save a checkpoint<br />
# mount yaffs2 mtd@system /system <br />
# mount yaffs2 mtd@system /system ro remount<br />
<br />
# We chown/chmod /data again so because mount is run as root + defaults<br />
# mount yaffs2 mtd@userdata /data nosuid nodev<br />
chown system system /data<br />
chmod 0771 /data<br />
<br />
# Same reason as /data above<br />
# mount yaffs2 mtd@cache /cache nosuid nodev<br />
chown system cache /cache<br />
chmod 0770 /cache<br />
<br />
# This may have been created by the recovery system with odd permissions<br />
chown system system /cache/recovery<br />
chmod 0770 /cache/recovery<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
===Compile===<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ cd $ANDROID_SOURCE<br />
$ make<br />
</pre><br />
==Making RootFS==<br />
===Android Root File system===<br />
Android emulator has 3 basic images on tools/lib/images directory.<br />
* '''ramdisk.img''' is gziped cpio archive. ramdisk.img is a small partition image that is mounted read-only by the kernel at boot time. It only contains /init and a few config files. It is used to start init which will mount the rest of the system images properly and run the init procedure. A Ramdisk is a standard Linux feature. It is made just for the Android and do special things to start up the Android system.<br />
* '''system.img''' is a partition image that will be mounted as / and thus contains all system binaries.<br />
* '''userdata.img''' is a partition image that can be mounted as /data and thus contains all application-specific and user-specific data.<br />
<br />
===Create the Android root filesystem for apf27===<br />
Actually, Android should use a file system how support mmap function like yaffs2, ext2 or ubifs. Unfortunaly, U-Boot support only jffs2 or ext2. So we will use ext2 root file system on a µSD.<br />
<br />
Android’s root file system is generated in $ANDROID_SOURCE/out/target/product/generic. We will create a folder containing all Android files images. <br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ sudo rm -rf $ANDROID_SOURCE/rootfs/<br />
$ cd $ANDROID_SOURCE/out/target/product/generic<br />
$ mkdir $ANDROID_SOURCE/rootfs<br />
$ cp -a root/* $ANDROID_SOURCE/rootfs/<br />
$ cp -a system/* $ANDROID_SOURCE/rootfs/system/<br />
$ cd $ANDROID_SOURCE/rootfs<br />
$ sudo chown -R root.root .<br />
$ sudo chmod -R a+rwX data system<br />
</pre><br />
===Root file system on MMC/µSD card===<br />
====Formatting an MMC/µSD card====<br />
We will create two partitions on our mmc/µSD card, The first one will use for Android memory card, the second one will use for Android file system.<br />
First connect your card reader to your workstation, with the mmc/µSD card inside. Type the '''dmesg''' command to see which device is used by your workstation. Let’s assume that this device is '''/dev/sdb'''<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ dmesg<br />
...<br />
[ 9145.613954] sdb: sdb1 sdb2<br />
[ 9145.615125] sd 10:0:0:0: [sdc] Attached SCSI removable disk<br />
[ 9145.615258] sd 10:0:0:0: Attached scsi generic sg3 type 0<br />
</pre><br />
Type the mount command to check your currently mounted partitions. If MMC/SD partitions are mounted, unmount them.<br><br />
In a terminal edit partitions with fdisk:<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
sudo fdisk /dev/sdb<br />
</pre><br />
Delete any existing partition with the d command.<br><br />
Now, create the boot partition:<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
Command (m for help): n<br />
Command action<br />
e extended<br />
p primary partition (1-4)<br />
p<br />
Partition number (1-4): 1<br />
First cylinder (1-495, default 1): 1<br />
Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (1-239, default 239): +1G<br />
</pre><br />
Change its type to FAT32:<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
Command (m for help): t<br />
Selected partition 1<br />
Hex code (type L to list codes): c<br />
Changed system type of partition 1 to c (W95 FAT32 (LBA))<br />
</pre><br />
Using the n command again, create a second partition filling up the rest of your card (just accept default values).<br><br />
Now, format the partitions in your card:<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
sudo mkfs.vfat -n MemoryCard -F 32 /dev/sdb1<br />
sudo mkfs.ext2 -L AndroidFS /dev/sdb2<br />
</pre><br />
Remove and insert your card again. Your new partitions should be mounted automatically.<br><br />
====Copying data to the MMC/SD card====<br />
Now copy the Android root filesystem to the second partition.<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
sudo rsync -a $ANDROID_SOURCE/rootfs/ /media/AndroidFS/<br />
</pre><br />
Finish by unmounting your mmc/µSD partitions:<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
sudo umount /media/MemoryCard<br />
sudo umount /media/AndroidFS<br />
</pre><br />
====Boot setup====<br />
The last thing left to do is to specify how the board boots Linux.<br><br />
In the U-boot prompt, make the mmc boot is on second partition of the mmc/µSD card<br />
<pre class="apf"> <br />
# setenv mmcroot '/dev/mmcblk0p2 rw'<br />
</pre><br />
Now set the kernel command line arguments<br />
<pre class="apf"> <br />
# setenv addmmcargs 'setenv bootargs ${bootargs} root=${mmcroot} rootfstype=${mmcrootfstype} init=\init androidboot.console=ttyS0'<br />
# setenv bootcmd run mmcboot<br />
# saveenv<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
===Root file system on APF27 NAND memory===<br />
{{Note| wait the UBIFS integration in the u-boot loader}}<br />
====Boot setup====<br />
The last thing left to do is to specify how the board boots Linux. In the U-boot prompt, make the UBIFS boot.<br />
<pre class="apf"> <br />
# setenv addubifsargs 'setenv bootargs ${bootargs} root=/dev/mtdblock4 rootfstype=ubifs init=\init androidboot.console=ttyS0'<br />
# setenv ubifsboot 'setenv bootargs ${console} ${mtdparts};run addubifsargs addipargs; setenv autostart yes;nboot.ubifs A0000000 0 ${kernel_offset}'<br />
# setenv bootcmd run ubifsboot<br />
# saveenv<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
[[Image:Apf27_android.JPG]]<br />
<br />
==Debug 'n Test==<br />
===Trace on the console===<br />
Trace with '''strace'''<br />
<pre class="apf"> <br />
# mount /dev/mmcblk0p2 /mnt/mmc<br />
# strace chroot /mnt/mmc /init androidboot.console=ttyS0<br />
</pre><br />
Trave with '''logcat'''<br />
<pre class="apf"> <br />
# mount /dev/mmcblk0p2 /mnt/mmc<br />
# chroot /mnt/mmc /init androidboot.console=ttyS0 &<br />
# chroot /mnt/mmc /system/bin/logcat<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
===Test with Android emulator===<br />
Documentation on Android [http://developer.android.com/guide/developing/tools/emulator.html emulator]<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ cd $ANDROID_SOURCE/kernel<br />
$ make ARCH=arm goldfish_defconfig<br />
$ make ARCH=arm CROSS_COMPILE=$ANDROID_SOURCE/prebuilt/linux-x86/toolchain/arm-eabi-4.2.1/bin/arm-eabi<br />
# Create AVD (Android Virtual Device)<br />
$ $ANDROID_SDK/tools/android create avd -n APF27-H -t 2 -s 272x480<br />
$ $ANDROID_SDK/tools/android create avd -n APF27-L -t 2 -s 480x272<br />
$ $ANDROID_SOURCE/out/host/linux-x86/bin/emulator -avd APF27-H -sysdir $ANDROID_SOURCE/out/target/product/generic/ -kernel $ANDROID_SOURCE/kernel/arch/arm/boot/zImage -data $ANDROID_SOURCE/out/target/product/generic/userdata.img -ramdisk $ANDROID_SOURCE/out/target/product/generic/ramdisk.img -system $ANDROID_SOURCE/out/target/product/generic/system.img<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
==Links==<br />
* [http://elinux.org/Android Android page on elinux.org]<br />
** [http://elinux.org/Android_on_OMAP Android on OMAP portage page on elinux.org]<br />
* [http://wiki.openmoko.org/wiki/Android Android on OpenMoko]<br />
* http://wiki.kldp.org/wiki.php/AndroidPortingOnRealTarget</div>NicolasDhttp://armadeus.org/wiki/index.php?title=Android&diff=7333Android2009-09-09T12:21:30Z<p>NicolasD: /* Touchscreen */</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Under_Construction}}<br />
<br />
[[Image:Android-logo.png]]<br />
<br />
This page will sumarize the efforts made to have Android running on the APF boards.<br />
<br />
{{Note| Due to Android requirements (at least an ARM926 core), it is impossible to have it running on the APF9328}}<br />
<br />
==Some readings before starting==<br />
* http://developer.android.com/guide/basics/what-is-android.html<br />
<br />
==Prerequisites for Android installation==<br />
===Install needed software packages===<br />
* Install these package for build the kernel image and for format the mmc/µSD card<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ sudo apt-get install uboot-mkimage mtd-utils<br />
</pre><br />
* The Armadeus [[Toolchain]], only for Armadeus patches<br />
<br />
===Update the environment variables===<br />
Theses environment variables install the Android and Armadeus folder in our home directory, but of course, it can be placed anywhere!<br />
<pre class="config"><br />
export ANDROID_SOURCE=~/apf27droid<br />
export ANDROID_SDK=~/android-sdk-linux_x86-1.5_r3<br />
export ARMADEUS=~/armadeus-3.1<br />
export PATH=${PATH}:${ANDROID_SDK}/tools:${ANDROID_SOURCE}/bin<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
===Download Android source===<br />
The [http://source.android.com/download getting Android source] document describes how to set up our local work environment. <br />
Follow theses instructions until '''Installing Repo''' chapter.<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ mkdir $ANDROID_SOURCE<br />
$ cd $ANDROID_SOURCE<br />
$ mkdir bin<br />
$ curl http://android.git.kernel.org/repo >$ANDROID_SOURCE/bin/repo<br />
$ chmod a+x $ANDROID_SOURCE/bin/repo<br />
$ repo init -u git://android.git.kernel.org/platform/manifest.git -b android-sdk-1.5_r3<br />
$ repo sync<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
Since android-sdk-1.5_r3 branch, the Linux kernel isn't with the Android source, <br />
We can download it in a compress archive (tar.gz) file with this [http://android.git.kernel.org/?p=kernel/common.git;a=snapshot;h=refs/heads/android-2.6.29;sf=tgz android-kernel-2.6.29] (about (70Mib) or with git repository (more 300Mib)<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ mkdir $ANDROID_SOURCE/kernel<br />
$ cd $ANDROID_SOURCE/kernel<br />
$ git clone git://android.git.kernel.org/kernel/common.git android-2.6.29<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
==Linux Kernel 2.6.29==<br />
===Apply the Armadeus patchset===<br />
Before compiling the kernel, we patch the source with the Armadeus patches. In second time, I will give the URL to retrieve Linux 2.6.29.4 patch.<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ $ARMADEUS/buildroot/toolchain/patch-kernel.sh $ANDROID_SOURCE/kernel $ARMADEUS/downloads patch-2.6.29.4.bz2<br />
$ $ARMADEUS/buildroot/toolchain/patch-kernel.sh $ANDROID_SOURCE/kernel $ARMADEUS/buildroot/target/device/armadeus/linux/kernel-patches/2.6.29.4 \*.patch{,.gz,.bz2}<br />
$ mkdir $ANDROID_SOURCE/kernel/drivers/armadeus<br />
$ cp -r $ARMADEUS/target/linux/modules/* $ANDROID_SOURCE/kernel/drivers/armadeus<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
===Android kernel configuration (2.6.29)===<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ cp $ARMADEUS/buildroot/target/device/armadeus/apf27/apf27-linux-2.6.29.config $ANDROID_SOURCE/kernel/arch/arm/configs/apf27_android_defconfig<br />
$ cd $ANDROID_SOURCE/kernel<br />
$ make ARCH=arm mrproper<br />
$ make ARCH=arm apf27_android_defconfig<br />
$ make ARCH=arm menuconfig<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
Make sure your kernel boots normally on your board. Then enable some Android specific configuration and make sure that your kernel still boots (with your standard file system).<br />
*Android pmem allocator<br />
<pre class="config"><br />
Device Drivers ---><br />
[*] Misc devices ---><br />
[*] Android pmem allocator<br />
</pre><br />
* Android drivers<br />
<pre class="config"><br />
Device Drivers ---><br />
[*] Staging drivers ---> <br />
[ ] Exclude Staging drivers from being built (NEW)<br />
...<br />
Android ---><br />
[*] Android Drivers<br />
[*] Android Binder IPC Driver<br />
<*> Android log driver <br />
[ ] Android RAM buffer console<br />
[*] Timed output class driver (NEW)<br />
< > Android timed gpio driver (NEW)<br />
[*] Android Low Memory Killer <br />
</pre><br />
* Anonymous Shared Memory Subsystem<br />
<pre class="config"><br />
General setup ---><br />
[*] Enable the Anonymous Shared Memory Subsystem<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
===Build Android kernel===<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ make ARCH=arm CROSS_COMPILE=$ANDROID_SOURCE/prebuilt/linux-x86/toolchain/arm-eabi-4.2.1/bin/arm-eabi- uImage<br />
$ cp $ANDROID_SOURCE/kernel/arch/arm/boot/uImage $TFTPBOOT/apf27-linux.bin<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
==Android==<br />
===Battery patch===<br />
At the beginning, reboot happened over again even though Android logo appeared on board.<br />
Result of investigation, we found that battery power was returned with 0 when boot.. Then, we changed to notify full battery to Android by ignoring the information under '''/sys/class/power_supply''' so that to prevent the power down by low battery '''$ANDROID_SOURCE/frameworks/base/services/jni/com_android_server_BatteryService.cpp'''<br />
*Change the battery service status as TRUE<br />
<source lang="c"><br />
static void setBooleanField(JNIEnv* env, jobject obj, const char* path, jfieldID fieldID)<br />
{<br />
const int SIZE = 16;<br />
char buf[SIZE];<br />
<br />
jboolean value = true; /* change false -> true */<br />
/*!!!comment out!!!<br />
if (readFromFile(path, buf, SIZE) > 0) {<br />
if (buf[0] == '1') {<br />
value = true;<br />
}<br />
}<br />
*/<br />
env->SetBooleanField(obj, fieldID, value);<br />
}<br />
</source><br />
*Change the volume, voltage and temperature of battery. Return 100%.<br />
<source lang="c"><br />
static void setIntField(JNIEnv* env, jobject obj, const char* path, jfieldID fieldID)<br />
{<br />
const int SIZE = 128;<br />
char buf[SIZE];<br />
<br />
jint value = 100; /* change 0 -> 100 */<br />
/*!!!comment out!!!<br />
if (readFromFile(path, buf, SIZE) > 0) {<br />
value = atoi(buf);<br />
}<br />
*/<br />
env->SetIntField(obj, fieldID, value);<br />
}<br />
</source><br />
*Change the battery charged status as full and deterioration status as fair.<br />
<source lang="c"><br />
static void android_server_BatteryService_update(JNIEnv* env, jobject obj)<br />
{<br />
setBooleanField(env, obj, AC_ONLINE_PATH, gFieldIds.mAcOnline);<br />
setBooleanField(env, obj, USB_ONLINE_PATH, gFieldIds.mUsbOnline);<br />
setBooleanField(env, obj, BATTERY_PRESENT_PATH, gFieldIds.mBatteryPresent);<br />
<br />
setIntField(env, obj, BATTERY_CAPACITY_PATH, gFieldIds.mBatteryLevel);<br />
setIntField(env, obj, BATTERY_VOLTAGE_PATH, gFieldIds.mBatteryVoltage);<br />
setIntField(env, obj, BATTERY_TEMPERATURE_PATH, gFieldIds.mBatteryTemperature);<br />
<br />
/* Change */<br />
env->SetIntField(obj, gFieldIds.mBatteryStatus, gConstants.statusFull);<br />
env->SetIntField(obj, gFieldIds.mBatteryHealth, gConstants.healthGood);<br />
env->SetObjectField(obj, gFieldIds.mBatteryTechnology, env->NewStringUTF("1"));<br />
<br />
/*!!!comment out!!!<br />
const int SIZE = 128;<br />
char buf[SIZE];<br />
<br />
if (readFromFile(BATTERY_STATUS_PATH, buf, SIZE) > 0)<br />
env->SetIntField(obj, gFieldIds.mBatteryStatus, getBatteryStatus(buf));<br />
<br />
if (readFromFile(BATTERY_HEALTH_PATH, buf, SIZE) > 0)<br />
env->SetIntField(obj, gFieldIds.mBatteryHealth, getBatteryHealth(buf));<br />
<br />
if (readFromFile(BATTERY_TECHNOLOGY_PATH, buf, SIZE) > 0)<br />
env->SetObjectField(obj, gFieldIds.mBatteryTechnology, env->NewStringUTF(buf));<br />
*/<br />
}<br />
</source><br />
<br />
===Audio===<br />
{{Note| To do!!!}}<br />
<br />
===Touchscreen===<br />
{{Note| To do!!!}}<br />
====Change init.rc====<br />
Open $ANDROID_SOURCE/system/core/rootdir:<br />
<pre class="config"><br />
# create basic filesystem structure<br />
...<br />
# Touchscreen section<br />
export TSLIB_CONSOLEDEVICE=none<br />
export TSLIB_FBDEVICE=/dev/fb0<br />
export TSLIB_TSDEVICE=/dev/input/event1<br />
export TSLIB_CALIBFILE=/etc/pointercal<br />
export TSLIB_CONFFILE=/etc/ts.conf<br />
export TSLIB_PLUGINDIR=/lib/ts<br />
export LD_PRELOAD=/lib/libts.so:/lib/ts/pthres.so<br />
<br />
...<br />
on boot<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
===Change init.rc===<br />
Open $ANDROID_SOURCE/system/core/rootdir, comment the 'mount roofs' in read only mode and 'mount yaffs2' lines like this:<br />
<pre class="config"><br />
# mount rootfs rootfs / ro remount<br />
...<br />
# mount mtd partitions<br />
# Mount /system rw first to give the filesystem a chance to save a checkpoint<br />
# mount yaffs2 mtd@system /system <br />
# mount yaffs2 mtd@system /system ro remount<br />
<br />
# We chown/chmod /data again so because mount is run as root + defaults<br />
# mount yaffs2 mtd@userdata /data nosuid nodev<br />
chown system system /data<br />
chmod 0771 /data<br />
<br />
# Same reason as /data above<br />
# mount yaffs2 mtd@cache /cache nosuid nodev<br />
chown system cache /cache<br />
chmod 0770 /cache<br />
<br />
# This may have been created by the recovery system with odd permissions<br />
chown system system /cache/recovery<br />
chmod 0770 /cache/recovery<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
===Compile===<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ cd $ANDROID_SOURCE<br />
$ make<br />
</pre><br />
==Making RootFS==<br />
===Android Root File system===<br />
Android emulator has 3 basic images on tools/lib/images directory.<br />
* '''ramdisk.img''' is gziped cpio archive. ramdisk.img is a small partition image that is mounted read-only by the kernel at boot time. It only contains /init and a few config files. It is used to start init which will mount the rest of the system images properly and run the init procedure. A Ramdisk is a standard Linux feature. It is made just for the Android and do special things to start up the Android system.<br />
* '''system.img''' is a partition image that will be mounted as / and thus contains all system binaries.<br />
* '''userdata.img''' is a partition image that can be mounted as /data and thus contains all application-specific and user-specific data.<br />
<br />
===Android root filesystem for apf27===<br />
Actually, Android should use a file system how support mmap function like yaffs2, ext2 or ubifs. Unfortunaly, U-Boot support only jffs2 or ext2. So we will use ext2 root file system on a µSD.<br />
<br />
Android’s root file system is generated in $ANDROID_SOURCE/out/target/product/generic. We will create a folder containing all Android files images. <br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ sudo rm -rf $ANDROID_SOURCE/rootfs/<br />
$ cd $ANDROID_SOURCE/out/target/product/generic<br />
$ mkdir $ANDROID_SOURCE/rootfs<br />
$ cp -a root/* $ANDROID_SOURCE/rootfs/<br />
$ cp -a system/* $ANDROID_SOURCE/rootfs/system/<br />
$ cd $ANDROID_SOURCE/rootfs<br />
$ sudo chown -R root.root .<br />
$ sudo chmod -R a+rwX data system<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
===Formatting an MMC/µSD card===<br />
We will create two partitions on our mmc/µSD card, The first one will use for Android memory card, the second one will use for Android file system.<br />
First connect your card reader to your workstation, with the mmc/µSD card inside. Type the '''dmesg''' command to see which device is used by your workstation. Let’s assume that this device is '''/dev/sdb'''<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ dmesg<br />
...<br />
[ 9145.613954] sdb: sdb1 sdb2<br />
[ 9145.615125] sd 10:0:0:0: [sdc] Attached SCSI removable disk<br />
[ 9145.615258] sd 10:0:0:0: Attached scsi generic sg3 type 0<br />
</pre><br />
Type the mount command to check your currently mounted partitions. If MMC/SD partitions are mounted, unmount them.<br><br />
In a terminal edit partitions with fdisk:<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
sudo fdisk /dev/sdb<br />
</pre><br />
Delete any existing partition with the d command.<br><br />
Now, create the boot partition:<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
Command (m for help): n<br />
Command action<br />
e extended<br />
p primary partition (1-4)<br />
p<br />
Partition number (1-4): 1<br />
First cylinder (1-495, default 1): 1<br />
Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (1-239, default 239): +1G<br />
</pre><br />
Change its type to FAT32:<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
Command (m for help): t<br />
Selected partition 1<br />
Hex code (type L to list codes): c<br />
Changed system type of partition 1 to c (W95 FAT32 (LBA))<br />
</pre><br />
Using the n command again, create a second partition filling up the rest of your card (just accept default values).<br><br />
Now, format the partitions in your card:<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
sudo mkfs.vfat -n MemoryCard -F 32 /dev/sdb1<br />
sudo mkfs.ext2 -L AndroidFS /dev/sdb2<br />
</pre><br />
Remove and insert your card again. Your new partitions should be mounted automatically.<br><br />
===Copying data to the MMC/SD card===<br />
Now copy the Android root filesystem to the second partition.<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
sudo rsync -a $ANDROID_SOURCE/rootfs/ /media/AndroidFS/<br />
</pre><br />
Finish by unmounting your mmc/µSD partitions:<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
sudo umount /media/MemoryCard<br />
sudo umount /media/AndroidFS<br />
</pre><br />
==Boot setup==<br />
The last thing left to do is to specify how the board boots Linux.<br><br />
In the U-boot prompt, make the mmc boot is on second partition of the mmc/µSD card<br />
<pre class="apf"> <br />
# setenv mmcroot '/dev/mmcblk0p2 rw'<br />
</pre><br />
Now set the kernel command line arguments<br />
<pre class="apf"> <br />
# setenv addmmcargs 'setenv bootargs ${bootargs} root=${mmcroot} rootfstype=${mmcrootfstype} init=\init androidboot.console=ttyS0'<br />
# setenv addubifsargs 'setenv bootargs ${bootargs} root=/dev/mtdblock4 rootfstype=ubifs init=\init androidboot.console=ttyS0'<br />
# setenv ubifsboot 'setenv bootargs ${console} ${mtdparts};run addubifsargs addipargs; setenv autostart yes;nboot.ubifs A0000000 0 ${kernel_offset}'<br />
# saveenv<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
==Start Android==<br />
<pre class="apf"> <br />
# run mmcboot<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
[[Image:Apf27_android.JPG]]<br />
<br />
==Debug 'n Test==<br />
===Trace on the console===<br />
Trace with '''strace'''<br />
<pre class="apf"> <br />
# mount /dev/mmcblk0p2 /mnt/mmc<br />
# strace chroot /mnt/mmc /init androidboot.console=ttyS0<br />
</pre><br />
Trave with '''logcat'''<br />
<pre class="apf"> <br />
# mount /dev/mmcblk0p2 /mnt/mmc<br />
# chroot /mnt/mmc /init androidboot.console=ttyS0 &<br />
# chroot /mnt/mmc /system/bin/logcat<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
===Test with Android emulator===<br />
Documentation on Android [http://developer.android.com/guide/developing/tools/emulator.html emulator]<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ cd $ANDROID_SOURCE/kernel<br />
$ make ARCH=arm goldfish_defconfig<br />
$ make ARCH=arm CROSS_COMPILE=$ANDROID_SOURCE/prebuilt/linux-x86/toolchain/arm-eabi-4.2.1/bin/arm-eabi<br />
# Create AVD (Android Virtual Device)<br />
$ $ANDROID_SDK/tools/android create avd -n APF27-H -t 2 -s 272x480<br />
$ $ANDROID_SDK/tools/android create avd -n APF27-L -t 2 -s 480x272<br />
$ $ANDROID_SOURCE/out/host/linux-x86/bin/emulator -avd APF27-H -sysdir $ANDROID_SOURCE/out/target/product/generic/ -kernel $ANDROID_SOURCE/kernel/arch/arm/boot/zImage -data $ANDROID_SOURCE/out/target/product/generic/userdata.img -ramdisk $ANDROID_SOURCE/out/target/product/generic/ramdisk.img -system $ANDROID_SOURCE/out/target/product/generic/system.img<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
==Links==<br />
* [http://elinux.org/Android Android page on elinux.org]<br />
** [http://elinux.org/Android_on_OMAP Android on OMAP portage page on elinux.org]<br />
* [http://wiki.openmoko.org/wiki/Android Android on OpenMoko]<br />
* http://wiki.kldp.org/wiki.php/AndroidPortingOnRealTarget</div>NicolasDhttp://armadeus.org/wiki/index.php?title=Android&diff=7326Android2009-09-04T14:14:26Z<p>NicolasD: /* Boot setup with UBIFS*/</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Under_Construction}}<br />
<br />
[[Image:Android-logo.png]]<br />
<br />
This page will sumarize the efforts made to have Android running on the APF boards.<br />
<br />
{{Note| Due to Android requirements (at least an ARM926 core), it is impossible to have it running on the APF9328}}<br />
<br />
==Some readings before starting==<br />
* http://developer.android.com/guide/basics/what-is-android.html<br />
<br />
==Prerequisites for Android installation==<br />
===Install needed software packages===<br />
* Install these package for build the kernel image and for format the mmc/µSD card<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ sudo apt-get install uboot-mkimage mtd-utils<br />
</pre><br />
* The Armadeus [[Toolchain]], only for Armadeus patches<br />
<br />
===Update the environment variables===<br />
Theses environment variables install the Android and Armadeus folder in our home directory, but of course, it can be placed anywhere!<br />
<pre class="config"><br />
export ANDROID_SOURCE=~/apf27droid<br />
export ANDROID_SDK=~/android-sdk-linux_x86-1.5_r3<br />
export ARMADEUS=~/armadeus-3.1<br />
export PATH=${PATH}:${ANDROID_SDK}/tools:${ANDROID_SOURCE}/bin<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
===Download Android source===<br />
The [http://source.android.com/download getting Android source] document describes how to set up our local work environment. <br />
Follow theses instructions until '''Installing Repo''' chapter.<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ mkdir $ANDROID_SOURCE<br />
$ cd $ANDROID_SOURCE<br />
$ mkdir bin<br />
$ curl http://android.git.kernel.org/repo >$ANDROID_SOURCE/bin/repo<br />
$ chmod a+x $ANDROID_SOURCE/bin/repo<br />
$ repo init -u git://android.git.kernel.org/platform/manifest.git -b android-sdk-1.5_r3<br />
$ repo sync<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
Since android-sdk-1.5_r3 branch, the Linux kernel isn't with the Android source, <br />
We can download it in a compress archive (tar.gz) file with this [http://android.git.kernel.org/?p=kernel/common.git;a=snapshot;h=refs/heads/android-2.6.29;sf=tgz android-kernel-2.6.29] (about (70Mib) or with git repository (more 300Mib)<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ mkdir $ANDROID_SOURCE/kernel<br />
$ cd $ANDROID_SOURCE/kernel<br />
$ git clone git://android.git.kernel.org/kernel/common.git android-2.6.29<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
==Linux Kernel 2.6.29==<br />
===Apply the Armadeus patchset===<br />
Before compiling the kernel, we patch the source with the Armadeus patches. In second time, I will give the URL to retrieve Linux 2.6.29.4 patch.<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ $ARMADEUS/buildroot/toolchain/patch-kernel.sh $ANDROID_SOURCE/kernel $ARMADEUS/downloads patch-2.6.29.4.bz2<br />
$ $ARMADEUS/buildroot/toolchain/patch-kernel.sh $ANDROID_SOURCE/kernel $ARMADEUS/buildroot/target/device/armadeus/linux/kernel-patches/2.6.29.4 \*.patch{,.gz,.bz2}<br />
$ mkdir $ANDROID_SOURCE/kernel/drivers/armadeus<br />
$ cp -r $ARMADEUS/target/linux/modules/* $ANDROID_SOURCE/kernel/drivers/armadeus<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
===Android kernel configuration (2.6.29)===<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ cp $ARMADEUS/buildroot/target/device/armadeus/apf27/apf27-linux-2.6.29.config $ANDROID_SOURCE/kernel/arch/arm/configs/apf27_android_defconfig<br />
$ cd $ANDROID_SOURCE/kernel<br />
$ make ARCH=arm mrproper<br />
$ make ARCH=arm apf27_android_defconfig<br />
$ make ARCH=arm menuconfig<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
Make sure your kernel boots normally on your board. Then enable some Android specific configuration and make sure that your kernel still boots (with your standard file system).<br />
*Android pmem allocator<br />
<pre class="config"><br />
Device Drivers ---><br />
[*] Misc devices ---><br />
[*] Android pmem allocator<br />
</pre><br />
* Android drivers<br />
<pre class="config"><br />
Device Drivers ---><br />
[*] Staging drivers ---> <br />
[ ] Exclude Staging drivers from being built (NEW)<br />
...<br />
Android ---><br />
[*] Android Drivers<br />
[*] Android Binder IPC Driver<br />
<*> Android log driver <br />
[ ] Android RAM buffer console<br />
[*] Timed output class driver (NEW)<br />
< > Android timed gpio driver (NEW)<br />
[*] Android Low Memory Killer <br />
</pre><br />
* Anonymous Shared Memory Subsystem<br />
<pre class="config"><br />
General setup ---><br />
[*] Enable the Anonymous Shared Memory Subsystem<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
===Build Android kernel===<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ make ARCH=arm CROSS_COMPILE=$ANDROID_SOURCE/prebuilt/linux-x86/toolchain/arm-eabi-4.2.1/bin/arm-eabi- uImage<br />
$ cp $ANDROID_SOURCE/kernel/arch/arm/boot/uImage $TFTPBOOT/apf27-linux.bin<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
==Android==<br />
===Battery patch===<br />
At the beginning, reboot happened over again even though Android logo appeared on board.<br />
Result of investigation, we found that battery power was returned with 0 when boot.. Then, we changed to notify full battery to Android by ignoring the information under '''/sys/class/power_supply''' so that to prevent the power down by low battery '''$ANDROID_SOURCE/frameworks/base/services/jni/com_android_server_BatteryService.cpp'''<br />
*Change the battery service status as TRUE<br />
<source lang="c"><br />
static void setBooleanField(JNIEnv* env, jobject obj, const char* path, jfieldID fieldID)<br />
{<br />
const int SIZE = 16;<br />
char buf[SIZE];<br />
<br />
jboolean value = true; /* change false -> true */<br />
/*!!!comment out!!!<br />
if (readFromFile(path, buf, SIZE) > 0) {<br />
if (buf[0] == '1') {<br />
value = true;<br />
}<br />
}<br />
*/<br />
env->SetBooleanField(obj, fieldID, value);<br />
}<br />
</source><br />
*Change the volume, voltage and temperature of battery. Return 100%.<br />
<source lang="c"><br />
static void setIntField(JNIEnv* env, jobject obj, const char* path, jfieldID fieldID)<br />
{<br />
const int SIZE = 128;<br />
char buf[SIZE];<br />
<br />
jint value = 100; /* change 0 -> 100 */<br />
/*!!!comment out!!!<br />
if (readFromFile(path, buf, SIZE) > 0) {<br />
value = atoi(buf);<br />
}<br />
*/<br />
env->SetIntField(obj, fieldID, value);<br />
}<br />
</source><br />
*Change the battery charged status as full and deterioration status as fair.<br />
<source lang="c"><br />
static void android_server_BatteryService_update(JNIEnv* env, jobject obj)<br />
{<br />
setBooleanField(env, obj, AC_ONLINE_PATH, gFieldIds.mAcOnline);<br />
setBooleanField(env, obj, USB_ONLINE_PATH, gFieldIds.mUsbOnline);<br />
setBooleanField(env, obj, BATTERY_PRESENT_PATH, gFieldIds.mBatteryPresent);<br />
<br />
setIntField(env, obj, BATTERY_CAPACITY_PATH, gFieldIds.mBatteryLevel);<br />
setIntField(env, obj, BATTERY_VOLTAGE_PATH, gFieldIds.mBatteryVoltage);<br />
setIntField(env, obj, BATTERY_TEMPERATURE_PATH, gFieldIds.mBatteryTemperature);<br />
<br />
/* Change */<br />
env->SetIntField(obj, gFieldIds.mBatteryStatus, gConstants.statusFull);<br />
env->SetIntField(obj, gFieldIds.mBatteryHealth, gConstants.healthGood);<br />
env->SetObjectField(obj, gFieldIds.mBatteryTechnology, env->NewStringUTF("1"));<br />
<br />
/*!!!comment out!!!<br />
const int SIZE = 128;<br />
char buf[SIZE];<br />
<br />
if (readFromFile(BATTERY_STATUS_PATH, buf, SIZE) > 0)<br />
env->SetIntField(obj, gFieldIds.mBatteryStatus, getBatteryStatus(buf));<br />
<br />
if (readFromFile(BATTERY_HEALTH_PATH, buf, SIZE) > 0)<br />
env->SetIntField(obj, gFieldIds.mBatteryHealth, getBatteryHealth(buf));<br />
<br />
if (readFromFile(BATTERY_TECHNOLOGY_PATH, buf, SIZE) > 0)<br />
env->SetObjectField(obj, gFieldIds.mBatteryTechnology, env->NewStringUTF(buf));<br />
*/<br />
}<br />
</source><br />
<br />
===Audio===<br />
{{Note| To do!!!}}<br />
<br />
===Touchscreen===<br />
{{Note| To do!!!}}<br />
<br />
===Change init.rc===<br />
Open $ANDROID_SOURCE/system/core/rootdir, comment the 'mount roofs' in read only mode and 'mount yaffs2' lines like this:<br />
<pre class="config"><br />
# mount rootfs rootfs / ro remount<br />
...<br />
# mount mtd partitions<br />
# Mount /system rw first to give the filesystem a chance to save a checkpoint<br />
# mount yaffs2 mtd@system /system <br />
# mount yaffs2 mtd@system /system ro remount<br />
<br />
# We chown/chmod /data again so because mount is run as root + defaults<br />
# mount yaffs2 mtd@userdata /data nosuid nodev<br />
chown system system /data<br />
chmod 0771 /data<br />
<br />
# Same reason as /data above<br />
# mount yaffs2 mtd@cache /cache nosuid nodev<br />
chown system cache /cache<br />
chmod 0770 /cache<br />
<br />
# This may have been created by the recovery system with odd permissions<br />
chown system system /cache/recovery<br />
chmod 0770 /cache/recovery<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
===Compile===<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ cd $ANDROID_SOURCE<br />
$ make<br />
</pre><br />
==Making RootFS==<br />
===Android Root File system===<br />
Android emulator has 3 basic images on tools/lib/images directory.<br />
* '''ramdisk.img''' is gziped cpio archive. ramdisk.img is a small partition image that is mounted read-only by the kernel at boot time. It only contains /init and a few config files. It is used to start init which will mount the rest of the system images properly and run the init procedure. A Ramdisk is a standard Linux feature. It is made just for the Android and do special things to start up the Android system.<br />
* '''system.img''' is a partition image that will be mounted as / and thus contains all system binaries.<br />
* '''userdata.img''' is a partition image that can be mounted as /data and thus contains all application-specific and user-specific data.<br />
<br />
===Android root filesystem for apf27===<br />
Actually, Android should use a file system how support mmap function like yaffs2, ext2 or ubifs. Unfortunaly, U-Boot support only jffs2 or ext2. So we will use ext2 root file system on a µSD.<br />
<br />
Android’s root file system is generated in $ANDROID_SOURCE/out/target/product/generic. We will create a folder containing all Android files images. <br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ sudo rm -rf $ANDROID_SOURCE/rootfs/<br />
$ cd $ANDROID_SOURCE/out/target/product/generic<br />
$ mkdir $ANDROID_SOURCE/rootfs<br />
$ cp -a root/* $ANDROID_SOURCE/rootfs/<br />
$ cp -a system/* $ANDROID_SOURCE/rootfs/system/<br />
$ cd $ANDROID_SOURCE/rootfs<br />
$ sudo chown -R root.root .<br />
$ sudo chmod -R a+rwX data system<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
===Formatting an MMC/µSD card===<br />
We will create two partitions on our mmc/µSD card, The first one will use for Android memory card, the second one will use for Android file system.<br />
First connect your card reader to your workstation, with the mmc/µSD card inside. Type the '''dmesg''' command to see which device is used by your workstation. Let’s assume that this device is '''/dev/sdb'''<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ dmesg<br />
...<br />
[ 9145.613954] sdb: sdb1 sdb2<br />
[ 9145.615125] sd 10:0:0:0: [sdc] Attached SCSI removable disk<br />
[ 9145.615258] sd 10:0:0:0: Attached scsi generic sg3 type 0<br />
</pre><br />
Type the mount command to check your currently mounted partitions. If MMC/SD partitions are mounted, unmount them.<br><br />
In a terminal edit partitions with fdisk:<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
sudo fdisk /dev/sdb<br />
</pre><br />
Delete any existing partition with the d command.<br><br />
Now, create the boot partition:<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
Command (m for help): n<br />
Command action<br />
e extended<br />
p primary partition (1-4)<br />
p<br />
Partition number (1-4): 1<br />
First cylinder (1-495, default 1): 1<br />
Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (1-239, default 239): +1G<br />
</pre><br />
Change its type to FAT32:<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
Command (m for help): t<br />
Selected partition 1<br />
Hex code (type L to list codes): c<br />
Changed system type of partition 1 to c (W95 FAT32 (LBA))<br />
</pre><br />
Using the n command again, create a second partition filling up the rest of your card (just accept default values).<br><br />
Now, format the partitions in your card:<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
sudo mkfs.vfat -n MemoryCard -F 32 /dev/sdb1<br />
sudo mkfs.ext2 -L AndroidFS /dev/sdb2<br />
</pre><br />
Remove and insert your card again. Your new partitions should be mounted automatically.<br><br />
===Copying data to the MMC/SD card===<br />
Now copy the Android root filesystem to the second partition.<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
sudo rsync -a $ANDROID_SOURCE/rootfs/ /media/AndroidFS/<br />
</pre><br />
Finish by unmounting your mmc/µSD partitions:<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
sudo umount /media/MemoryCard<br />
sudo umount /media/AndroidFS<br />
</pre><br />
==Boot setup==<br />
The last thing left to do is to specify how the board boots Linux.<br><br />
In the U-boot prompt, make the mmc boot is on second partition of the mmc/µSD card<br />
<pre class="apf"> <br />
# setenv mmcroot '/dev/mmcblk0p2 rw'<br />
</pre><br />
Now set the kernel command line arguments<br />
<pre class="apf"> <br />
# setenv addmmcargs 'setenv bootargs ${bootargs} root=${mmcroot} rootfstype=${mmcrootfstype} init=\init androidboot.console=ttyS0'<br />
# setenv addubifsargs 'setenv bootargs ${bootargs} root=/dev/mtdblock4 rootfstype=ubifs init=\init androidboot.console=ttyS0'<br />
# setenv ubifsboot 'setenv bootargs ${console} ${mtdparts};run addubifsargs addipargs; setenv autostart yes;nboot.ubifs A0000000 0 ${kernel_offset}'<br />
# saveenv<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
==Start Android==<br />
<pre class="apf"> <br />
# run mmcboot<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
[[Image:Apf27_android.JPG]]<br />
<br />
==Debug 'n Test==<br />
===Trace on the console===<br />
Trace with '''strace'''<br />
<pre class="apf"> <br />
# mount /dev/mmcblk0p2 /mnt/mmc<br />
# strace chroot /mnt/mmc /init androidboot.console=ttyS0<br />
</pre><br />
Trave with '''logcat'''<br />
<pre class="apf"> <br />
# mount /dev/mmcblk0p2 /mnt/mmc<br />
# chroot /mnt/mmc /init androidboot.console=ttyS0 &<br />
# chroot /mnt/mmc /system/bin/logcat<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
===Test with Android emulator===<br />
Documentation on Android [http://developer.android.com/guide/developing/tools/emulator.html emulator]<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ cd $ANDROID_SOURCE/kernel<br />
$ make ARCH=arm goldfish_defconfig<br />
$ make ARCH=arm CROSS_COMPILE=$ANDROID_SOURCE/prebuilt/linux-x86/toolchain/arm-eabi-4.2.1/bin/arm-eabi<br />
# Create AVD (Android Virtual Device)<br />
$ $ANDROID_SDK/tools/android create avd -n APF27-H -t 2 -s 272x480<br />
$ $ANDROID_SDK/tools/android create avd -n APF27-L -t 2 -s 480x272<br />
$ $ANDROID_SOURCE/out/host/linux-x86/bin/emulator -avd APF27-H -sysdir $ANDROID_SOURCE/out/target/product/generic/ -kernel $ANDROID_SOURCE/kernel/arch/arm/boot/zImage -data $ANDROID_SOURCE/out/target/product/generic/userdata.img -ramdisk $ANDROID_SOURCE/out/target/product/generic/ramdisk.img -system $ANDROID_SOURCE/out/target/product/generic/system.img<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
==Links==<br />
* [http://elinux.org/Android Android page on elinux.org]<br />
** [http://elinux.org/Android_on_OMAP Android on OMAP portage page on elinux.org]<br />
* [http://wiki.openmoko.org/wiki/Android Android on OpenMoko]<br />
* http://wiki.kldp.org/wiki.php/AndroidPortingOnRealTarget</div>NicolasDhttp://armadeus.org/wiki/index.php?title=Android&diff=7325Android2009-09-03T15:28:20Z<p>NicolasD: /* Apply the Armadeus patchset */</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Under_Construction}}<br />
<br />
[[Image:Android-logo.png]]<br />
<br />
This page will sumarize the efforts made to have Android running on the APF boards.<br />
<br />
{{Note| Due to Android requirements (at least an ARM926 core), it is impossible to have it running on the APF9328}}<br />
<br />
==Some readings before starting==<br />
* http://developer.android.com/guide/basics/what-is-android.html<br />
<br />
==Prerequisites for Android installation==<br />
===Install needed software packages===<br />
* Install these package for build the kernel image and for format the mmc/µSD card<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ sudo apt-get install uboot-mkimage mtd-utils<br />
</pre><br />
* The Armadeus [[Toolchain]], only for Armadeus patches<br />
<br />
===Update the environment variables===<br />
Theses environment variables install the Android and Armadeus folder in our home directory, but of course, it can be placed anywhere!<br />
<pre class="config"><br />
export ANDROID_SOURCE=~/apf27droid<br />
export ANDROID_SDK=~/android-sdk-linux_x86-1.5_r3<br />
export ARMADEUS=~/armadeus-3.1<br />
export PATH=${PATH}:${ANDROID_SDK}/tools:${ANDROID_SOURCE}/bin<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
===Download Android source===<br />
The [http://source.android.com/download getting Android source] document describes how to set up our local work environment. <br />
Follow theses instructions until '''Installing Repo''' chapter.<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ mkdir $ANDROID_SOURCE<br />
$ cd $ANDROID_SOURCE<br />
$ mkdir bin<br />
$ curl http://android.git.kernel.org/repo >$ANDROID_SOURCE/bin/repo<br />
$ chmod a+x $ANDROID_SOURCE/bin/repo<br />
$ repo init -u git://android.git.kernel.org/platform/manifest.git -b android-sdk-1.5_r3<br />
$ repo sync<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
Since android-sdk-1.5_r3 branch, the Linux kernel isn't with the Android source, <br />
We can download it in a compress archive (tar.gz) file with this [http://android.git.kernel.org/?p=kernel/common.git;a=snapshot;h=refs/heads/android-2.6.29;sf=tgz android-kernel-2.6.29] (about (70Mib) or with git repository (more 300Mib)<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ mkdir $ANDROID_SOURCE/kernel<br />
$ cd $ANDROID_SOURCE/kernel<br />
$ git clone git://android.git.kernel.org/kernel/common.git android-2.6.29<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
==Linux Kernel 2.6.29==<br />
===Apply the Armadeus patchset===<br />
Before compiling the kernel, we patch the source with the Armadeus patches. In second time, I will give the URL to retrieve Linux 2.6.29.4 patch.<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ $ARMADEUS/buildroot/toolchain/patch-kernel.sh $ANDROID_SOURCE/kernel $ARMADEUS/downloads patch-2.6.29.4.bz2<br />
$ $ARMADEUS/buildroot/toolchain/patch-kernel.sh $ANDROID_SOURCE/kernel $ARMADEUS/buildroot/target/device/armadeus/linux/kernel-patches/2.6.29.4 \*.patch{,.gz,.bz2}<br />
$ mkdir $ANDROID_SOURCE/kernel/drivers/armadeus<br />
$ cp -r $ARMADEUS/target/linux/modules/* $ANDROID_SOURCE/kernel/drivers/armadeus<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
===Android kernel configuration (2.6.29)===<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ cp $ARMADEUS/buildroot/target/device/armadeus/apf27/apf27-linux-2.6.29.config $ANDROID_SOURCE/kernel/arch/arm/configs/apf27_android_defconfig<br />
$ cd $ANDROID_SOURCE/kernel<br />
$ make ARCH=arm mrproper<br />
$ make ARCH=arm apf27_android_defconfig<br />
$ make ARCH=arm menuconfig<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
Make sure your kernel boots normally on your board. Then enable some Android specific configuration and make sure that your kernel still boots (with your standard file system).<br />
*Android pmem allocator<br />
<pre class="config"><br />
Device Drivers ---><br />
[*] Misc devices ---><br />
[*] Android pmem allocator<br />
</pre><br />
* Android drivers<br />
<pre class="config"><br />
Device Drivers ---><br />
[*] Staging drivers ---> <br />
[ ] Exclude Staging drivers from being built (NEW)<br />
...<br />
Android ---><br />
[*] Android Drivers<br />
[*] Android Binder IPC Driver<br />
<*> Android log driver <br />
[ ] Android RAM buffer console<br />
[*] Timed output class driver (NEW)<br />
< > Android timed gpio driver (NEW)<br />
[*] Android Low Memory Killer <br />
</pre><br />
* Anonymous Shared Memory Subsystem<br />
<pre class="config"><br />
General setup ---><br />
[*] Enable the Anonymous Shared Memory Subsystem<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
===Build Android kernel===<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ make ARCH=arm CROSS_COMPILE=$ANDROID_SOURCE/prebuilt/linux-x86/toolchain/arm-eabi-4.2.1/bin/arm-eabi- uImage<br />
$ cp $ANDROID_SOURCE/kernel/arch/arm/boot/uImage $TFTPBOOT/apf27-linux.bin<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
==Android==<br />
===Battery patch===<br />
At the beginning, reboot happened over again even though Android logo appeared on board.<br />
Result of investigation, we found that battery power was returned with 0 when boot.. Then, we changed to notify full battery to Android by ignoring the information under '''/sys/class/power_supply''' so that to prevent the power down by low battery '''$ANDROID_SOURCE/frameworks/base/services/jni/com_android_server_BatteryService.cpp'''<br />
*Change the battery service status as TRUE<br />
<source lang="c"><br />
static void setBooleanField(JNIEnv* env, jobject obj, const char* path, jfieldID fieldID)<br />
{<br />
const int SIZE = 16;<br />
char buf[SIZE];<br />
<br />
jboolean value = true; /* change false -> true */<br />
/*!!!comment out!!!<br />
if (readFromFile(path, buf, SIZE) > 0) {<br />
if (buf[0] == '1') {<br />
value = true;<br />
}<br />
}<br />
*/<br />
env->SetBooleanField(obj, fieldID, value);<br />
}<br />
</source><br />
*Change the volume, voltage and temperature of battery. Return 100%.<br />
<source lang="c"><br />
static void setIntField(JNIEnv* env, jobject obj, const char* path, jfieldID fieldID)<br />
{<br />
const int SIZE = 128;<br />
char buf[SIZE];<br />
<br />
jint value = 100; /* change 0 -> 100 */<br />
/*!!!comment out!!!<br />
if (readFromFile(path, buf, SIZE) > 0) {<br />
value = atoi(buf);<br />
}<br />
*/<br />
env->SetIntField(obj, fieldID, value);<br />
}<br />
</source><br />
*Change the battery charged status as full and deterioration status as fair.<br />
<source lang="c"><br />
static void android_server_BatteryService_update(JNIEnv* env, jobject obj)<br />
{<br />
setBooleanField(env, obj, AC_ONLINE_PATH, gFieldIds.mAcOnline);<br />
setBooleanField(env, obj, USB_ONLINE_PATH, gFieldIds.mUsbOnline);<br />
setBooleanField(env, obj, BATTERY_PRESENT_PATH, gFieldIds.mBatteryPresent);<br />
<br />
setIntField(env, obj, BATTERY_CAPACITY_PATH, gFieldIds.mBatteryLevel);<br />
setIntField(env, obj, BATTERY_VOLTAGE_PATH, gFieldIds.mBatteryVoltage);<br />
setIntField(env, obj, BATTERY_TEMPERATURE_PATH, gFieldIds.mBatteryTemperature);<br />
<br />
/* Change */<br />
env->SetIntField(obj, gFieldIds.mBatteryStatus, gConstants.statusFull);<br />
env->SetIntField(obj, gFieldIds.mBatteryHealth, gConstants.healthGood);<br />
env->SetObjectField(obj, gFieldIds.mBatteryTechnology, env->NewStringUTF("1"));<br />
<br />
/*!!!comment out!!!<br />
const int SIZE = 128;<br />
char buf[SIZE];<br />
<br />
if (readFromFile(BATTERY_STATUS_PATH, buf, SIZE) > 0)<br />
env->SetIntField(obj, gFieldIds.mBatteryStatus, getBatteryStatus(buf));<br />
<br />
if (readFromFile(BATTERY_HEALTH_PATH, buf, SIZE) > 0)<br />
env->SetIntField(obj, gFieldIds.mBatteryHealth, getBatteryHealth(buf));<br />
<br />
if (readFromFile(BATTERY_TECHNOLOGY_PATH, buf, SIZE) > 0)<br />
env->SetObjectField(obj, gFieldIds.mBatteryTechnology, env->NewStringUTF(buf));<br />
*/<br />
}<br />
</source><br />
<br />
===Audio===<br />
{{Note| To do!!!}}<br />
<br />
===Touchscreen===<br />
{{Note| To do!!!}}<br />
<br />
===Change init.rc===<br />
Open $ANDROID_SOURCE/system/core/rootdir, comment the 'mount roofs' in read only mode and 'mount yaffs2' lines like this:<br />
<pre class="config"><br />
# mount rootfs rootfs / ro remount<br />
...<br />
# mount mtd partitions<br />
# Mount /system rw first to give the filesystem a chance to save a checkpoint<br />
# mount yaffs2 mtd@system /system <br />
# mount yaffs2 mtd@system /system ro remount<br />
<br />
# We chown/chmod /data again so because mount is run as root + defaults<br />
# mount yaffs2 mtd@userdata /data nosuid nodev<br />
chown system system /data<br />
chmod 0771 /data<br />
<br />
# Same reason as /data above<br />
# mount yaffs2 mtd@cache /cache nosuid nodev<br />
chown system cache /cache<br />
chmod 0770 /cache<br />
<br />
# This may have been created by the recovery system with odd permissions<br />
chown system system /cache/recovery<br />
chmod 0770 /cache/recovery<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
===Compile===<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ cd $ANDROID_SOURCE<br />
$ make<br />
</pre><br />
==Making RootFS==<br />
===Android Root File system===<br />
Android emulator has 3 basic images on tools/lib/images directory.<br />
* '''ramdisk.img''' is gziped cpio archive. ramdisk.img is a small partition image that is mounted read-only by the kernel at boot time. It only contains /init and a few config files. It is used to start init which will mount the rest of the system images properly and run the init procedure. A Ramdisk is a standard Linux feature. It is made just for the Android and do special things to start up the Android system.<br />
* '''system.img''' is a partition image that will be mounted as / and thus contains all system binaries.<br />
* '''userdata.img''' is a partition image that can be mounted as /data and thus contains all application-specific and user-specific data.<br />
<br />
===Android root filesystem for apf27===<br />
Actually, Android should use a file system how support mmap function like yaffs2, ext2 or ubifs. Unfortunaly, U-Boot support only jffs2 or ext2. So we will use ext2 root file system on a µSD.<br />
<br />
Android’s root file system is generated in $ANDROID_SOURCE/out/target/product/generic. We will create a folder containing all Android files images. <br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ sudo rm -rf $ANDROID_SOURCE/rootfs/<br />
$ cd $ANDROID_SOURCE/out/target/product/generic<br />
$ mkdir $ANDROID_SOURCE/rootfs<br />
$ cp -a root/* $ANDROID_SOURCE/rootfs/<br />
$ cp -a system/* $ANDROID_SOURCE/rootfs/system/<br />
$ cd $ANDROID_SOURCE/rootfs<br />
$ sudo chown -R root.root .<br />
$ sudo chmod -R a+rwX data system<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
===Formatting an MMC/µSD card===<br />
We will create two partitions on our mmc/µSD card, The first one will use for Android memory card, the second one will use for Android file system.<br />
First connect your card reader to your workstation, with the mmc/µSD card inside. Type the '''dmesg''' command to see which device is used by your workstation. Let’s assume that this device is '''/dev/sdb'''<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ dmesg<br />
...<br />
[ 9145.613954] sdb: sdb1 sdb2<br />
[ 9145.615125] sd 10:0:0:0: [sdc] Attached SCSI removable disk<br />
[ 9145.615258] sd 10:0:0:0: Attached scsi generic sg3 type 0<br />
</pre><br />
Type the mount command to check your currently mounted partitions. If MMC/SD partitions are mounted, unmount them.<br><br />
In a terminal edit partitions with fdisk:<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
sudo fdisk /dev/sdb<br />
</pre><br />
Delete any existing partition with the d command.<br><br />
Now, create the boot partition:<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
Command (m for help): n<br />
Command action<br />
e extended<br />
p primary partition (1-4)<br />
p<br />
Partition number (1-4): 1<br />
First cylinder (1-495, default 1): 1<br />
Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (1-239, default 239): +1G<br />
</pre><br />
Change its type to FAT32:<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
Command (m for help): t<br />
Selected partition 1<br />
Hex code (type L to list codes): c<br />
Changed system type of partition 1 to c (W95 FAT32 (LBA))<br />
</pre><br />
Using the n command again, create a second partition filling up the rest of your card (just accept default values).<br><br />
Now, format the partitions in your card:<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
sudo mkfs.vfat -n MemoryCard -F 32 /dev/sdb1<br />
sudo mkfs.ext2 -L AndroidFS /dev/sdb2<br />
</pre><br />
Remove and insert your card again. Your new partitions should be mounted automatically.<br><br />
===Copying data to the MMC/SD card===<br />
Now copy the Android root filesystem to the second partition.<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
sudo rsync -a $ANDROID_SOURCE/rootfs/ /media/AndroidFS/<br />
</pre><br />
Finish by unmounting your mmc/µSD partitions:<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
sudo umount /media/MemoryCard<br />
sudo umount /media/AndroidFS<br />
</pre><br />
==Boot setup==<br />
The last thing left to do is to specify how the board boots Linux.<br><br />
In the U-boot prompt, make the mmc boot is on second partition of the mmc/µSD card<br />
<pre class="apf"> <br />
# setenv mmcroot '/dev/mmcblk0p2 rw'<br />
</pre><br />
Now set the kernel command line arguments<br />
<pre class="apf"> <br />
# setenv addmmcargs 'setenv bootargs ${bootargs} root=${mmcroot} rootfstype=${mmcrootfstype} init=\init androidboot.console=ttyS0'<br />
# saveenv<br />
</pre><br />
==Start Android==<br />
<pre class="apf"> <br />
# run mmcboot<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
[[Image:Apf27_android.JPG]]<br />
<br />
==Debug 'n Test==<br />
===Trace on the console===<br />
Trace with '''strace'''<br />
<pre class="apf"> <br />
# mount /dev/mmcblk0p2 /mnt/mmc<br />
# strace chroot /mnt/mmc /init androidboot.console=ttyS0<br />
</pre><br />
Trave with '''logcat'''<br />
<pre class="apf"> <br />
# mount /dev/mmcblk0p2 /mnt/mmc<br />
# chroot /mnt/mmc /init androidboot.console=ttyS0 &<br />
# chroot /mnt/mmc /system/bin/logcat<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
===Test with Android emulator===<br />
Documentation on Android [http://developer.android.com/guide/developing/tools/emulator.html emulator]<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ cd $ANDROID_SOURCE/kernel<br />
$ make ARCH=arm goldfish_defconfig<br />
$ make ARCH=arm CROSS_COMPILE=$ANDROID_SOURCE/prebuilt/linux-x86/toolchain/arm-eabi-4.2.1/bin/arm-eabi<br />
# Create AVD (Android Virtual Device)<br />
$ $ANDROID_SDK/tools/android create avd -n APF27-H -t 2 -s 272x480<br />
$ $ANDROID_SDK/tools/android create avd -n APF27-L -t 2 -s 480x272<br />
$ $ANDROID_SOURCE/out/host/linux-x86/bin/emulator -avd APF27-H -sysdir $ANDROID_SOURCE/out/target/product/generic/ -kernel $ANDROID_SOURCE/kernel/arch/arm/boot/zImage -data $ANDROID_SOURCE/out/target/product/generic/userdata.img -ramdisk $ANDROID_SOURCE/out/target/product/generic/ramdisk.img -system $ANDROID_SOURCE/out/target/product/generic/system.img<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
==Links==<br />
* [http://elinux.org/Android Android page on elinux.org]<br />
** [http://elinux.org/Android_on_OMAP Android on OMAP portage page on elinux.org]<br />
* [http://wiki.openmoko.org/wiki/Android Android on OpenMoko]<br />
* http://wiki.kldp.org/wiki.php/AndroidPortingOnRealTarget</div>NicolasDhttp://armadeus.org/wiki/index.php?title=Android&diff=7324Android2009-09-03T14:28:41Z<p>NicolasD: /* Download Android source */</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Under_Construction}}<br />
<br />
[[Image:Android-logo.png]]<br />
<br />
This page will sumarize the efforts made to have Android running on the APF boards.<br />
<br />
{{Note| Due to Android requirements (at least an ARM926 core), it is impossible to have it running on the APF9328}}<br />
<br />
==Some readings before starting==<br />
* http://developer.android.com/guide/basics/what-is-android.html<br />
<br />
==Prerequisites for Android installation==<br />
===Install needed software packages===<br />
* Install these package for build the kernel image and for format the mmc/µSD card<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ sudo apt-get install uboot-mkimage mtd-utils<br />
</pre><br />
* The Armadeus [[Toolchain]], only for Armadeus patches<br />
<br />
===Update the environment variables===<br />
Theses environment variables install the Android and Armadeus folder in our home directory, but of course, it can be placed anywhere!<br />
<pre class="config"><br />
export ANDROID_SOURCE=~/apf27droid<br />
export ANDROID_SDK=~/android-sdk-linux_x86-1.5_r3<br />
export ARMADEUS=~/armadeus-3.1<br />
export PATH=${PATH}:${ANDROID_SDK}/tools:${ANDROID_SOURCE}/bin<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
===Download Android source===<br />
The [http://source.android.com/download getting Android source] document describes how to set up our local work environment. <br />
Follow theses instructions until '''Installing Repo''' chapter.<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ mkdir $ANDROID_SOURCE<br />
$ cd $ANDROID_SOURCE<br />
$ mkdir bin<br />
$ curl http://android.git.kernel.org/repo >$ANDROID_SOURCE/bin/repo<br />
$ chmod a+x $ANDROID_SOURCE/bin/repo<br />
$ repo init -u git://android.git.kernel.org/platform/manifest.git -b android-sdk-1.5_r3<br />
$ repo sync<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
Since android-sdk-1.5_r3 branch, the Linux kernel isn't with the Android source, <br />
We can download it in a compress archive (tar.gz) file with this [http://android.git.kernel.org/?p=kernel/common.git;a=snapshot;h=refs/heads/android-2.6.29;sf=tgz android-kernel-2.6.29] (about (70Mib) or with git repository (more 300Mib)<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ mkdir $ANDROID_SOURCE/kernel<br />
$ cd $ANDROID_SOURCE/kernel<br />
$ git clone git://android.git.kernel.org/kernel/common.git android-2.6.29<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
==Linux Kernel 2.6.29==<br />
===Apply the Armadeus patchset===<br />
Before compiling the kernel, we patch the source with the Armadeus patches. In second time, I will give the URL to retrieve Linux 2.6.29.4 patch.<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ $ARMADEUS/buildroot/toolchain/patch-kernel.sh $ANDROID_SOURCE/kernel $ARMADEUS/downloads patch-2.6.29.4.bz2<br />
$ $ARMADEUS/buildroot/toolchain/patch-kernel.sh $ANDROID_SOURCE/kernel $ARMADEUS/buildroot/target/device/armadeus/linux/kernel-patches/2.6.29.4 \*.patch{,.gz,.bz2}<br />
$ mkdir $ANDROID_SOURCE/kernel/drivers/armadeus<br />
$ cp -r $ARMADEUS/target/linux/modules/* $ANDROID_SOURCE/kernel/drivers/armadeus<br />
$ cp $ARMADEUS/buildroot/target/device/armadeus/apf27/apf27-linux-2.6.29.config $ANDROID_SOURCE/kernel/arch/arm/configs/apf27_android_defconfig<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
===Android kernel configuration (2.6.29)===<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ cp $ARMADEUS/buildroot/target/device/armadeus/apf27/apf27-linux-2.6.29.config $ANDROID_SOURCE/kernel/arch/arm/configs/apf27_android_defconfig<br />
$ cd $ANDROID_SOURCE/kernel<br />
$ make ARCH=arm mrproper<br />
$ make ARCH=arm apf27_android_defconfig<br />
$ make ARCH=arm menuconfig<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
Make sure your kernel boots normally on your board. Then enable some Android specific configuration and make sure that your kernel still boots (with your standard file system).<br />
*Android pmem allocator<br />
<pre class="config"><br />
Device Drivers ---><br />
[*] Misc devices ---><br />
[*] Android pmem allocator<br />
</pre><br />
* Android drivers<br />
<pre class="config"><br />
Device Drivers ---><br />
[*] Staging drivers ---> <br />
[ ] Exclude Staging drivers from being built (NEW)<br />
...<br />
Android ---><br />
[*] Android Drivers<br />
[*] Android Binder IPC Driver<br />
<*> Android log driver <br />
[ ] Android RAM buffer console<br />
[*] Timed output class driver (NEW)<br />
< > Android timed gpio driver (NEW)<br />
[*] Android Low Memory Killer <br />
</pre><br />
* Anonymous Shared Memory Subsystem<br />
<pre class="config"><br />
General setup ---><br />
[*] Enable the Anonymous Shared Memory Subsystem<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
===Build Android kernel===<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ make ARCH=arm CROSS_COMPILE=$ANDROID_SOURCE/prebuilt/linux-x86/toolchain/arm-eabi-4.2.1/bin/arm-eabi- uImage<br />
$ cp $ANDROID_SOURCE/kernel/arch/arm/boot/uImage $TFTPBOOT/apf27-linux.bin<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
==Android==<br />
===Battery patch===<br />
At the beginning, reboot happened over again even though Android logo appeared on board.<br />
Result of investigation, we found that battery power was returned with 0 when boot.. Then, we changed to notify full battery to Android by ignoring the information under '''/sys/class/power_supply''' so that to prevent the power down by low battery '''$ANDROID_SOURCE/frameworks/base/services/jni/com_android_server_BatteryService.cpp'''<br />
*Change the battery service status as TRUE<br />
<source lang="c"><br />
static void setBooleanField(JNIEnv* env, jobject obj, const char* path, jfieldID fieldID)<br />
{<br />
const int SIZE = 16;<br />
char buf[SIZE];<br />
<br />
jboolean value = true; /* change false -> true */<br />
/*!!!comment out!!!<br />
if (readFromFile(path, buf, SIZE) > 0) {<br />
if (buf[0] == '1') {<br />
value = true;<br />
}<br />
}<br />
*/<br />
env->SetBooleanField(obj, fieldID, value);<br />
}<br />
</source><br />
*Change the volume, voltage and temperature of battery. Return 100%.<br />
<source lang="c"><br />
static void setIntField(JNIEnv* env, jobject obj, const char* path, jfieldID fieldID)<br />
{<br />
const int SIZE = 128;<br />
char buf[SIZE];<br />
<br />
jint value = 100; /* change 0 -> 100 */<br />
/*!!!comment out!!!<br />
if (readFromFile(path, buf, SIZE) > 0) {<br />
value = atoi(buf);<br />
}<br />
*/<br />
env->SetIntField(obj, fieldID, value);<br />
}<br />
</source><br />
*Change the battery charged status as full and deterioration status as fair.<br />
<source lang="c"><br />
static void android_server_BatteryService_update(JNIEnv* env, jobject obj)<br />
{<br />
setBooleanField(env, obj, AC_ONLINE_PATH, gFieldIds.mAcOnline);<br />
setBooleanField(env, obj, USB_ONLINE_PATH, gFieldIds.mUsbOnline);<br />
setBooleanField(env, obj, BATTERY_PRESENT_PATH, gFieldIds.mBatteryPresent);<br />
<br />
setIntField(env, obj, BATTERY_CAPACITY_PATH, gFieldIds.mBatteryLevel);<br />
setIntField(env, obj, BATTERY_VOLTAGE_PATH, gFieldIds.mBatteryVoltage);<br />
setIntField(env, obj, BATTERY_TEMPERATURE_PATH, gFieldIds.mBatteryTemperature);<br />
<br />
/* Change */<br />
env->SetIntField(obj, gFieldIds.mBatteryStatus, gConstants.statusFull);<br />
env->SetIntField(obj, gFieldIds.mBatteryHealth, gConstants.healthGood);<br />
env->SetObjectField(obj, gFieldIds.mBatteryTechnology, env->NewStringUTF("1"));<br />
<br />
/*!!!comment out!!!<br />
const int SIZE = 128;<br />
char buf[SIZE];<br />
<br />
if (readFromFile(BATTERY_STATUS_PATH, buf, SIZE) > 0)<br />
env->SetIntField(obj, gFieldIds.mBatteryStatus, getBatteryStatus(buf));<br />
<br />
if (readFromFile(BATTERY_HEALTH_PATH, buf, SIZE) > 0)<br />
env->SetIntField(obj, gFieldIds.mBatteryHealth, getBatteryHealth(buf));<br />
<br />
if (readFromFile(BATTERY_TECHNOLOGY_PATH, buf, SIZE) > 0)<br />
env->SetObjectField(obj, gFieldIds.mBatteryTechnology, env->NewStringUTF(buf));<br />
*/<br />
}<br />
</source><br />
<br />
===Audio===<br />
{{Note| To do!!!}}<br />
<br />
===Touchscreen===<br />
{{Note| To do!!!}}<br />
<br />
===Change init.rc===<br />
Open $ANDROID_SOURCE/system/core/rootdir, comment the 'mount roofs' in read only mode and 'mount yaffs2' lines like this:<br />
<pre class="config"><br />
# mount rootfs rootfs / ro remount<br />
...<br />
# mount mtd partitions<br />
# Mount /system rw first to give the filesystem a chance to save a checkpoint<br />
# mount yaffs2 mtd@system /system <br />
# mount yaffs2 mtd@system /system ro remount<br />
<br />
# We chown/chmod /data again so because mount is run as root + defaults<br />
# mount yaffs2 mtd@userdata /data nosuid nodev<br />
chown system system /data<br />
chmod 0771 /data<br />
<br />
# Same reason as /data above<br />
# mount yaffs2 mtd@cache /cache nosuid nodev<br />
chown system cache /cache<br />
chmod 0770 /cache<br />
<br />
# This may have been created by the recovery system with odd permissions<br />
chown system system /cache/recovery<br />
chmod 0770 /cache/recovery<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
===Compile===<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ cd $ANDROID_SOURCE<br />
$ make<br />
</pre><br />
==Making RootFS==<br />
===Android Root File system===<br />
Android emulator has 3 basic images on tools/lib/images directory.<br />
* '''ramdisk.img''' is gziped cpio archive. ramdisk.img is a small partition image that is mounted read-only by the kernel at boot time. It only contains /init and a few config files. It is used to start init which will mount the rest of the system images properly and run the init procedure. A Ramdisk is a standard Linux feature. It is made just for the Android and do special things to start up the Android system.<br />
* '''system.img''' is a partition image that will be mounted as / and thus contains all system binaries.<br />
* '''userdata.img''' is a partition image that can be mounted as /data and thus contains all application-specific and user-specific data.<br />
<br />
===Android root filesystem for apf27===<br />
Actually, Android should use a file system how support mmap function like yaffs2, ext2 or ubifs. Unfortunaly, U-Boot support only jffs2 or ext2. So we will use ext2 root file system on a µSD.<br />
<br />
Android’s root file system is generated in $ANDROID_SOURCE/out/target/product/generic. We will create a folder containing all Android files images. <br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ sudo rm -rf $ANDROID_SOURCE/rootfs/<br />
$ cd $ANDROID_SOURCE/out/target/product/generic<br />
$ mkdir $ANDROID_SOURCE/rootfs<br />
$ cp -a root/* $ANDROID_SOURCE/rootfs/<br />
$ cp -a system/* $ANDROID_SOURCE/rootfs/system/<br />
$ cd $ANDROID_SOURCE/rootfs<br />
$ sudo chown -R root.root .<br />
$ sudo chmod -R a+rwX data system<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
===Formatting an MMC/µSD card===<br />
We will create two partitions on our mmc/µSD card, The first one will use for Android memory card, the second one will use for Android file system.<br />
First connect your card reader to your workstation, with the mmc/µSD card inside. Type the '''dmesg''' command to see which device is used by your workstation. Let’s assume that this device is '''/dev/sdb'''<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ dmesg<br />
...<br />
[ 9145.613954] sdb: sdb1 sdb2<br />
[ 9145.615125] sd 10:0:0:0: [sdc] Attached SCSI removable disk<br />
[ 9145.615258] sd 10:0:0:0: Attached scsi generic sg3 type 0<br />
</pre><br />
Type the mount command to check your currently mounted partitions. If MMC/SD partitions are mounted, unmount them.<br><br />
In a terminal edit partitions with fdisk:<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
sudo fdisk /dev/sdb<br />
</pre><br />
Delete any existing partition with the d command.<br><br />
Now, create the boot partition:<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
Command (m for help): n<br />
Command action<br />
e extended<br />
p primary partition (1-4)<br />
p<br />
Partition number (1-4): 1<br />
First cylinder (1-495, default 1): 1<br />
Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (1-239, default 239): +1G<br />
</pre><br />
Change its type to FAT32:<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
Command (m for help): t<br />
Selected partition 1<br />
Hex code (type L to list codes): c<br />
Changed system type of partition 1 to c (W95 FAT32 (LBA))<br />
</pre><br />
Using the n command again, create a second partition filling up the rest of your card (just accept default values).<br><br />
Now, format the partitions in your card:<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
sudo mkfs.vfat -n MemoryCard -F 32 /dev/sdb1<br />
sudo mkfs.ext2 -L AndroidFS /dev/sdb2<br />
</pre><br />
Remove and insert your card again. Your new partitions should be mounted automatically.<br><br />
===Copying data to the MMC/SD card===<br />
Now copy the Android root filesystem to the second partition.<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
sudo rsync -a $ANDROID_SOURCE/rootfs/ /media/AndroidFS/<br />
</pre><br />
Finish by unmounting your mmc/µSD partitions:<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
sudo umount /media/MemoryCard<br />
sudo umount /media/AndroidFS<br />
</pre><br />
==Boot setup==<br />
The last thing left to do is to specify how the board boots Linux.<br><br />
In the U-boot prompt, make the mmc boot is on second partition of the mmc/µSD card<br />
<pre class="apf"> <br />
# setenv mmcroot '/dev/mmcblk0p2 rw'<br />
</pre><br />
Now set the kernel command line arguments<br />
<pre class="apf"> <br />
# setenv addmmcargs 'setenv bootargs ${bootargs} root=${mmcroot} rootfstype=${mmcrootfstype} init=\init androidboot.console=ttyS0'<br />
# saveenv<br />
</pre><br />
==Start Android==<br />
<pre class="apf"> <br />
# run mmcboot<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
[[Image:Apf27_android.JPG]]<br />
<br />
==Debug 'n Test==<br />
===Trace on the console===<br />
Trace with '''strace'''<br />
<pre class="apf"> <br />
# mount /dev/mmcblk0p2 /mnt/mmc<br />
# strace chroot /mnt/mmc /init androidboot.console=ttyS0<br />
</pre><br />
Trave with '''logcat'''<br />
<pre class="apf"> <br />
# mount /dev/mmcblk0p2 /mnt/mmc<br />
# chroot /mnt/mmc /init androidboot.console=ttyS0 &<br />
# chroot /mnt/mmc /system/bin/logcat<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
===Test with Android emulator===<br />
Documentation on Android [http://developer.android.com/guide/developing/tools/emulator.html emulator]<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ cd $ANDROID_SOURCE/kernel<br />
$ make ARCH=arm goldfish_defconfig<br />
$ make ARCH=arm CROSS_COMPILE=$ANDROID_SOURCE/prebuilt/linux-x86/toolchain/arm-eabi-4.2.1/bin/arm-eabi<br />
# Create AVD (Android Virtual Device)<br />
$ $ANDROID_SDK/tools/android create avd -n APF27-H -t 2 -s 272x480<br />
$ $ANDROID_SDK/tools/android create avd -n APF27-L -t 2 -s 480x272<br />
$ $ANDROID_SOURCE/out/host/linux-x86/bin/emulator -avd APF27-H -sysdir $ANDROID_SOURCE/out/target/product/generic/ -kernel $ANDROID_SOURCE/kernel/arch/arm/boot/zImage -data $ANDROID_SOURCE/out/target/product/generic/userdata.img -ramdisk $ANDROID_SOURCE/out/target/product/generic/ramdisk.img -system $ANDROID_SOURCE/out/target/product/generic/system.img<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
==Links==<br />
* [http://elinux.org/Android Android page on elinux.org]<br />
** [http://elinux.org/Android_on_OMAP Android on OMAP portage page on elinux.org]<br />
* [http://wiki.openmoko.org/wiki/Android Android on OpenMoko]<br />
* http://wiki.kldp.org/wiki.php/AndroidPortingOnRealTarget</div>NicolasDhttp://armadeus.org/wiki/index.php?title=Android&diff=7222Android2009-08-13T12:49:06Z<p>NicolasD: /* Change init.rc */</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Under_Construction}}<br />
<br />
[[Image:Android-logo.png]]<br />
<br />
This page will sumarize the efforts made to have Android running on the APF boards.<br />
<br />
{{Note| Due to Android requirements (at least an ARM926 core), it is impossible to have it running on the APF9328}}<br />
<br />
==Some readings before starting==<br />
* http://developer.android.com/guide/basics/what-is-android.html<br />
<br />
==Prerequisites for Android installation==<br />
===Install needed software packages===<br />
* Install these package for build the kernel image and for format the mmc/µSD card<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ sudo apt-get install uboot-mkimage mtd-utils<br />
</pre><br />
* The Armadeus [[Toolchain]], only for Armadeus patches<br />
<br />
===Update the environment variables===<br />
Theses environment variables install the Android and Armadeus folder in our home directory, but of course, it can be placed anywhere!<br />
<pre class="config"><br />
export ANDROID_SOURCE=~/apf27droid<br />
export ANDROID_SDK=~/android-sdk-linux_x86-1.5_r3<br />
export ARMADEUS=~/armadeus-3.1<br />
export PATH=${PATH}:${ANDROID_SDK}/tools:${ANDROID_SOURCE}/bin<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
===Download Android source===<br />
The [http://source.android.com/download getting Android source] document describes how to set up our local work environment. <br />
Follow theses instructions until '''Installing Repo''' chapter.<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ mkdir ANDROID_SOURCE<br />
$ cd $ANDROID_SOURCE<br />
$ mkdir bin<br />
$ curl http://android.git.kernel.org/repo >$ANDROID_SOURCE/bin/repo<br />
$ chmod a+x $ANDROID_SOURCE/bin/repo<br />
$ repo init -u git://android.git.kernel.org/platform/manifest.git -b android-sdk-1.5_r3<br />
$ repo sync<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
Since android-sdk-1.5_r3 branch, the Linux kernel isn't with the Android source, <br />
We can download it in a compress archive (tar.gz) file with this [http://android.git.kernel.org/?p=kernel/common.git;a=snapshot;h=refs/heads/android-2.6.29;sf=tgz android-kernel-2.6.29] (about (70Mib) or with git repository (more 300Mib)<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ mkdir $ANDROID_SOURCE/kernel<br />
$ cd $ANDROID_SOURCE/kernel<br />
$ git clone git://android.git.kernel.org/kernel/common.git android-2.6.29<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
==Linux Kernel 2.6.29==<br />
===Apply the Armadeus patchset===<br />
Before compiling the kernel, we patch the source with the Armadeus patches. In second time, I will give the URL to retrieve Linux 2.6.29.4 patch.<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ $ARMADEUS/buildroot/toolchain/patch-kernel.sh $ANDROID_SOURCE/kernel $ARMADEUS/downloads patch-2.6.29.4.bz2<br />
$ $ARMADEUS/buildroot/toolchain/patch-kernel.sh $ANDROID_SOURCE/kernel $ARMADEUS/buildroot/target/device/armadeus/linux/kernel-patches/2.6.29.4 \*.patch{,.gz,.bz2}<br />
$ mkdir $ANDROID_SOURCE/kernel/drivers/armadeus<br />
$ cp -r $ARMADEUS/target/linux/modules/* $ANDROID_SOURCE/kernel/drivers/armadeus<br />
$ cp $ARMADEUS/buildroot/target/device/armadeus/apf27/apf27-linux-2.6.29.config $ANDROID_SOURCE/kernel/arch/arm/configs/apf27_android_defconfig<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
===Android kernel configuration (2.6.29)===<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ cp $ARMADEUS/buildroot/target/device/armadeus/apf27/apf27-linux-2.6.29.config $ANDROID_SOURCE/kernel/arch/arm/configs/apf27_android_defconfig<br />
$ cd $ANDROID_SOURCE/kernel<br />
$ make ARCH=arm mrproper<br />
$ make ARCH=arm apf27_android_defconfig<br />
$ make ARCH=arm menuconfig<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
Make sure your kernel boots normally on your board. Then enable some Android specific configuration and make sure that your kernel still boots (with your standard file system).<br />
*Android pmem allocator<br />
<pre class="config"><br />
Device Drivers ---><br />
[*] Misc devices ---><br />
[*] Android pmem allocator<br />
</pre><br />
* Android drivers<br />
<pre class="config"><br />
Device Drivers ---><br />
[*] Staging drivers ---> <br />
[ ] Exclude Staging drivers from being built (NEW)<br />
...<br />
Android ---><br />
[*] Android Drivers<br />
[*] Android Binder IPC Driver<br />
<*> Android log driver <br />
[ ] Android RAM buffer console<br />
[*] Timed output class driver (NEW)<br />
< > Android timed gpio driver (NEW)<br />
[*] Android Low Memory Killer <br />
</pre><br />
* Anonymous Shared Memory Subsystem<br />
<pre class="config"><br />
General setup ---><br />
[*] Enable the Anonymous Shared Memory Subsystem<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
===Build Android kernel===<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ make ARCH=arm CROSS_COMPILE=$ANDROID_SOURCE/prebuilt/linux-x86/toolchain/arm-eabi-4.2.1/bin/arm-eabi- uImage<br />
$ cp $ANDROID_SOURCE/kernel/arch/arm/boot/uImage $TFTPBOOT/apf27-linux.bin<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
==Android==<br />
===Battery patch===<br />
At the beginning, reboot happened over again even though Android logo appeared on board.<br />
Result of investigation, we found that battery power was returned with 0 when boot.. Then, we changed to notify full battery to Android by ignoring the information under '''/sys/class/power_supply''' so that to prevent the power down by low battery '''$ANDROID_SOURCE/frameworks/base/services/jni/com_android_server_BatteryService.cpp'''<br />
*Change the battery service status as TRUE<br />
<source lang="c"><br />
static void setBooleanField(JNIEnv* env, jobject obj, const char* path, jfieldID fieldID)<br />
{<br />
const int SIZE = 16;<br />
char buf[SIZE];<br />
<br />
jboolean value = true; /* change false -> true */<br />
/*!!!comment out!!!<br />
if (readFromFile(path, buf, SIZE) > 0) {<br />
if (buf[0] == '1') {<br />
value = true;<br />
}<br />
}<br />
*/<br />
env->SetBooleanField(obj, fieldID, value);<br />
}<br />
</source><br />
*Change the volume, voltage and temperature of battery. Return 100%.<br />
<source lang="c"><br />
static void setIntField(JNIEnv* env, jobject obj, const char* path, jfieldID fieldID)<br />
{<br />
const int SIZE = 128;<br />
char buf[SIZE];<br />
<br />
jint value = 100; /* change 0 -> 100 */<br />
/*!!!comment out!!!<br />
if (readFromFile(path, buf, SIZE) > 0) {<br />
value = atoi(buf);<br />
}<br />
*/<br />
env->SetIntField(obj, fieldID, value);<br />
}<br />
</source><br />
*Change the battery charged status as full and deterioration status as fair.<br />
<source lang="c"><br />
static void android_server_BatteryService_update(JNIEnv* env, jobject obj)<br />
{<br />
setBooleanField(env, obj, AC_ONLINE_PATH, gFieldIds.mAcOnline);<br />
setBooleanField(env, obj, USB_ONLINE_PATH, gFieldIds.mUsbOnline);<br />
setBooleanField(env, obj, BATTERY_PRESENT_PATH, gFieldIds.mBatteryPresent);<br />
<br />
setIntField(env, obj, BATTERY_CAPACITY_PATH, gFieldIds.mBatteryLevel);<br />
setIntField(env, obj, BATTERY_VOLTAGE_PATH, gFieldIds.mBatteryVoltage);<br />
setIntField(env, obj, BATTERY_TEMPERATURE_PATH, gFieldIds.mBatteryTemperature);<br />
<br />
/* Change */<br />
env->SetIntField(obj, gFieldIds.mBatteryStatus, gConstants.statusFull);<br />
env->SetIntField(obj, gFieldIds.mBatteryHealth, gConstants.healthGood);<br />
env->SetObjectField(obj, gFieldIds.mBatteryTechnology, env->NewStringUTF("1"));<br />
<br />
/*!!!comment out!!!<br />
const int SIZE = 128;<br />
char buf[SIZE];<br />
<br />
if (readFromFile(BATTERY_STATUS_PATH, buf, SIZE) > 0)<br />
env->SetIntField(obj, gFieldIds.mBatteryStatus, getBatteryStatus(buf));<br />
<br />
if (readFromFile(BATTERY_HEALTH_PATH, buf, SIZE) > 0)<br />
env->SetIntField(obj, gFieldIds.mBatteryHealth, getBatteryHealth(buf));<br />
<br />
if (readFromFile(BATTERY_TECHNOLOGY_PATH, buf, SIZE) > 0)<br />
env->SetObjectField(obj, gFieldIds.mBatteryTechnology, env->NewStringUTF(buf));<br />
*/<br />
}<br />
</source><br />
<br />
===Audio===<br />
{{Note| To do!!!}}<br />
<br />
===Touchscreen===<br />
{{Note| To do!!!}}<br />
<br />
===Change init.rc===<br />
Open $ANDROID_SOURCE/system/core/rootdir, comment the 'mount roofs' in read only mode and 'mount yaffs2' lines like this:<br />
<pre class="config"><br />
# mount rootfs rootfs / ro remount<br />
...<br />
# mount mtd partitions<br />
# Mount /system rw first to give the filesystem a chance to save a checkpoint<br />
# mount yaffs2 mtd@system /system <br />
# mount yaffs2 mtd@system /system ro remount<br />
<br />
# We chown/chmod /data again so because mount is run as root + defaults<br />
# mount yaffs2 mtd@userdata /data nosuid nodev<br />
chown system system /data<br />
chmod 0771 /data<br />
<br />
# Same reason as /data above<br />
# mount yaffs2 mtd@cache /cache nosuid nodev<br />
chown system cache /cache<br />
chmod 0770 /cache<br />
<br />
# This may have been created by the recovery system with odd permissions<br />
chown system system /cache/recovery<br />
chmod 0770 /cache/recovery<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
===Compile===<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ cd $ANDROID_SOURCE<br />
$ make<br />
</pre><br />
==Making RootFS==<br />
===Android Root File system===<br />
Android emulator has 3 basic images on tools/lib/images directory.<br />
* '''ramdisk.img''' is gziped cpio archive. ramdisk.img is a small partition image that is mounted read-only by the kernel at boot time. It only contains /init and a few config files. It is used to start init which will mount the rest of the system images properly and run the init procedure. A Ramdisk is a standard Linux feature. It is made just for the Android and do special things to start up the Android system.<br />
* '''system.img''' is a partition image that will be mounted as / and thus contains all system binaries.<br />
* '''userdata.img''' is a partition image that can be mounted as /data and thus contains all application-specific and user-specific data.<br />
<br />
===Android root filesystem for apf27===<br />
Actually, Android should use a file system how support mmap function like yaffs2, ext2 or ubifs. Unfortunaly, U-Boot support only jffs2 or ext2. So we will use ext2 root file system on a µSD.<br />
<br />
Android’s root file system is generated in $ANDROID_SOURCE/out/target/product/generic. We will create a folder containing all Android files images. <br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ sudo rm -rf $ANDROID_SOURCE/rootfs/<br />
$ cd $ANDROID_SOURCE/out/target/product/generic<br />
$ mkdir $ANDROID_SOURCE/rootfs<br />
$ cp -a root/* $ANDROID_SOURCE/rootfs/<br />
$ cp -a system/* $ANDROID_SOURCE/rootfs/system/<br />
$ cd $ANDROID_SOURCE/rootfs<br />
$ sudo chown -R root.root .<br />
$ sudo chmod -R a+rwX data system<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
===Formatting an MMC/µSD card===<br />
We will create two partitions on our mmc/µSD card, The first one will use for Android memory card, the second one will use for Android file system.<br />
First connect your card reader to your workstation, with the mmc/µSD card inside. Type the '''dmesg''' command to see which device is used by your workstation. Let’s assume that this device is '''/dev/sdb'''<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ dmesg<br />
...<br />
[ 9145.613954] sdb: sdb1 sdb2<br />
[ 9145.615125] sd 10:0:0:0: [sdc] Attached SCSI removable disk<br />
[ 9145.615258] sd 10:0:0:0: Attached scsi generic sg3 type 0<br />
</pre><br />
Type the mount command to check your currently mounted partitions. If MMC/SD partitions are mounted, unmount them.<br><br />
In a terminal edit partitions with fdisk:<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
sudo fdisk /dev/sdb<br />
</pre><br />
Delete any existing partition with the d command.<br><br />
Now, create the boot partition:<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
Command (m for help): n<br />
Command action<br />
e extended<br />
p primary partition (1-4)<br />
p<br />
Partition number (1-4): 1<br />
First cylinder (1-495, default 1): 1<br />
Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (1-239, default 239): +1G<br />
</pre><br />
Change its type to FAT32:<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
Command (m for help): t<br />
Selected partition 1<br />
Hex code (type L to list codes): c<br />
Changed system type of partition 1 to c (W95 FAT32 (LBA))<br />
</pre><br />
Using the n command again, create a second partition filling up the rest of your card (just accept default values).<br><br />
Now, format the partitions in your card:<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
sudo mkfs.vfat -n MemoryCard -F 32 /dev/sdb1<br />
sudo mkfs.ext2 -L AndroidFS /dev/sdb2<br />
</pre><br />
Remove and insert your card again. Your new partitions should be mounted automatically.<br><br />
===Copying data to the MMC/SD card===<br />
Now copy the Android root filesystem to the second partition.<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
sudo rsync -a $ANDROID_SOURCE/rootfs/ /media/AndroidFS/<br />
</pre><br />
Finish by unmounting your mmc/µSD partitions:<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
sudo umount /media/MemoryCard<br />
sudo umount /media/AndroidFS<br />
</pre><br />
==Boot setup==<br />
The last thing left to do is to specify how the board boots Linux.<br><br />
In the U-boot prompt, make the mmc boot is on second partition of the mmc/µSD card<br />
<pre class="apf"> <br />
# setenv mmcroot '/dev/mmcblk0p2 rw'<br />
</pre><br />
Now set the kernel command line arguments<br />
<pre class="apf"> <br />
# setenv addmmcargs 'setenv bootargs ${bootargs} root=${mmcroot} rootfstype=${mmcrootfstype} init=\init androidboot.console=ttyS0'<br />
# saveenv<br />
</pre><br />
==Start Android==<br />
<pre class="apf"> <br />
# run mmcboot<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
[[Image:Apf27_android.JPG]]<br />
<br />
==Debug 'n Test==<br />
===Trace on the console===<br />
Trace with '''strace'''<br />
<pre class="apf"> <br />
# mount /dev/mmcblk0p2 /mnt/mmc<br />
# strace chroot /mnt/mmc /init androidboot.console=ttyS0<br />
</pre><br />
Trave with '''logcat'''<br />
<pre class="apf"> <br />
# mount /dev/mmcblk0p2 /mnt/mmc<br />
# chroot /mnt/mmc /init androidboot.console=ttyS0 &<br />
# chroot /mnt/mmc /system/bin/logcat<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
===Test with Android emulator===<br />
Documentation on Android [http://developer.android.com/guide/developing/tools/emulator.html emulator]<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ cd $ANDROID_SOURCE/kernel<br />
$ make ARCH=arm goldfish_defconfig<br />
$ make ARCH=arm CROSS_COMPILE=$ANDROID_SOURCE/prebuilt/linux-x86/toolchain/arm-eabi-4.2.1/bin/arm-eabi<br />
# Create AVD (Android Virtual Device)<br />
$ $ANDROID_SDK/tools/android create avd -n APF27-H -t 2 -s 272x480<br />
$ $ANDROID_SDK/tools/android create avd -n APF27-L -t 2 -s 480x272<br />
$ $ANDROID_SOURCE/out/host/linux-x86/bin/emulator -avd APF27-H -sysdir $ANDROID_SOURCE/out/target/product/generic/ -kernel $ANDROID_SOURCE/kernel/arch/arm/boot/zImage -data $ANDROID_SOURCE/out/target/product/generic/userdata.img -ramdisk $ANDROID_SOURCE/out/target/product/generic/ramdisk.img -system $ANDROID_SOURCE/out/target/product/generic/system.img<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
==Links==<br />
* [http://elinux.org/Android Android page on elinux.org]<br />
** [http://elinux.org/Android_on_OMAP Android on OMAP portage page on elinux.org]<br />
* [http://wiki.openmoko.org/wiki/Android Android on OpenMoko]<br />
* http://wiki.kldp.org/wiki.php/AndroidPortingOnRealTarget</div>NicolasDhttp://armadeus.org/wiki/index.php?title=Android&diff=7202Android2009-08-07T13:07:39Z<p>NicolasD: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Under_Construction}}<br />
<br />
[[Image:Android-logo.png]]<br />
<br />
This page will sumarize the efforts made to have Android running on the APF boards.<br />
<br />
{{Note| Due to Android requirements (at least an ARM926 core), it is impossible to have it running on the APF9328}}<br />
<br />
==Some readings before starting==<br />
* http://developer.android.com/guide/basics/what-is-android.html<br />
<br />
==Prerequisites for Android installation==<br />
===Install needed software packages===<br />
* Install these package for build the kernel image and for format the mmc/µSD card<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ sudo apt-get install uboot-mkimage mtd-utils<br />
</pre><br />
* The Armadeus [[Toolchain]], only for Armadeus patches<br />
<br />
===Update the environment variables===<br />
Theses environment variables install the Android and Armadeus folder in our home directory, but of course, it can be placed anywhere!<br />
<pre class="config"><br />
export ANDROID_SOURCE=~/apf27droid<br />
export ANDROID_SDK=~/android-sdk-linux_x86-1.5_r3<br />
export ARMADEUS=~/armadeus-3.1<br />
export PATH=${PATH}:${ANDROID_SDK}/tools:${ANDROID_SOURCE}/bin<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
===Download Android source===<br />
The [http://source.android.com/download getting Android source] document describes how to set up our local work environment. <br />
Follow theses instructions until '''Installing Repo''' chapter.<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ mkdir ANDROID_SOURCE<br />
$ cd $ANDROID_SOURCE<br />
$ mkdir bin<br />
$ curl http://android.git.kernel.org/repo >$ANDROID_SOURCE/bin/repo<br />
$ chmod a+x $ANDROID_SOURCE/bin/repo<br />
$ repo init -u git://android.git.kernel.org/platform/manifest.git -b android-sdk-1.5_r3<br />
$ repo sync<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
Since android-sdk-1.5_r3 branch, the Linux kernel isn't with the Android source, <br />
We can download it in a compress archive (tar.gz) file with this [http://android.git.kernel.org/?p=kernel/common.git;a=snapshot;h=refs/heads/android-2.6.29;sf=tgz android-kernel-2.6.29] (about (70Mib) or with git repository (more 300Mib)<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ mkdir $ANDROID_SOURCE/kernel<br />
$ cd $ANDROID_SOURCE/kernel<br />
$ git clone git://android.git.kernel.org/kernel/common.git android-2.6.29<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
==Linux Kernel 2.6.29==<br />
===Apply the Armadeus patchset===<br />
Before compiling the kernel, we patch the source with the Armadeus patches. In second time, I will give the URL to retrieve Linux 2.6.29.4 patch.<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ $ARMADEUS/buildroot/toolchain/patch-kernel.sh $ANDROID_SOURCE/kernel $ARMADEUS/downloads patch-2.6.29.4.bz2<br />
$ $ARMADEUS/buildroot/toolchain/patch-kernel.sh $ANDROID_SOURCE/kernel $ARMADEUS/buildroot/target/device/armadeus/linux/kernel-patches/2.6.29.4 \*.patch{,.gz,.bz2}<br />
$ mkdir $ANDROID_SOURCE/kernel/drivers/armadeus<br />
$ cp -r $ARMADEUS/target/linux/modules/* $ANDROID_SOURCE/kernel/drivers/armadeus<br />
$ cp $ARMADEUS/buildroot/target/device/armadeus/apf27/apf27-linux-2.6.29.config $ANDROID_SOURCE/kernel/arch/arm/configs/apf27_android_defconfig<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
===Android kernel configuration (2.6.29)===<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ cp $ARMADEUS/buildroot/target/device/armadeus/apf27/apf27-linux-2.6.29.config $ANDROID_SOURCE/kernel/arch/arm/configs/apf27_android_defconfig<br />
$ cd $ANDROID_SOURCE/kernel<br />
$ make ARCH=arm mrproper<br />
$ make ARCH=arm apf27_android_defconfig<br />
$ make ARCH=arm menuconfig<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
Make sure your kernel boots normally on your board. Then enable some Android specific configuration and make sure that your kernel still boots (with your standard file system).<br />
*Android pmem allocator<br />
<pre class="config"><br />
Device Drivers ---><br />
[*] Misc devices ---><br />
[*] Android pmem allocator<br />
</pre><br />
* Android drivers<br />
<pre class="config"><br />
Device Drivers ---><br />
[*] Staging drivers ---> <br />
[ ] Exclude Staging drivers from being built (NEW)<br />
...<br />
Android ---><br />
[*] Android Drivers<br />
[*] Android Binder IPC Driver<br />
<*> Android log driver <br />
[ ] Android RAM buffer console<br />
[*] Timed output class driver (NEW)<br />
< > Android timed gpio driver (NEW)<br />
[*] Android Low Memory Killer <br />
</pre><br />
* Anonymous Shared Memory Subsystem<br />
<pre class="config"><br />
General setup ---><br />
[*] Enable the Anonymous Shared Memory Subsystem<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
===Build Android kernel===<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ make ARCH=arm CROSS_COMPILE=$ANDROID_SOURCE/prebuilt/linux-x86/toolchain/arm-eabi-4.2.1/bin/arm-eabi- uImage<br />
$ cp $ANDROID_SOURCE/kernel/arch/arm/boot/uImage $TFTPBOOT/apf27-linux.bin<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
==Android==<br />
===Battery patch===<br />
At the beginning, reboot happened over again even though Android logo appeared on board.<br />
Result of investigation, we found that battery power was returned with 0 when boot.. Then, we changed to notify full battery to Android by ignoring the information under '''/sys/class/power_supply''' so that to prevent the power down by low battery '''$ANDROID_SOURCE/frameworks/base/services/jni/com_android_server_BatteryService.cpp'''<br />
*Change the battery service status as TRUE<br />
<source lang="c"><br />
static void setBooleanField(JNIEnv* env, jobject obj, const char* path, jfieldID fieldID)<br />
{<br />
const int SIZE = 16;<br />
char buf[SIZE];<br />
<br />
jboolean value = true; /* change false -> true */<br />
/*!!!comment out!!!<br />
if (readFromFile(path, buf, SIZE) > 0) {<br />
if (buf[0] == '1') {<br />
value = true;<br />
}<br />
}<br />
*/<br />
env->SetBooleanField(obj, fieldID, value);<br />
}<br />
</source><br />
*Change the volume, voltage and temperature of battery. Return 100%.<br />
<source lang="c"><br />
static void setIntField(JNIEnv* env, jobject obj, const char* path, jfieldID fieldID)<br />
{<br />
const int SIZE = 128;<br />
char buf[SIZE];<br />
<br />
jint value = 100; /* change 0 -> 100 */<br />
/*!!!comment out!!!<br />
if (readFromFile(path, buf, SIZE) > 0) {<br />
value = atoi(buf);<br />
}<br />
*/<br />
env->SetIntField(obj, fieldID, value);<br />
}<br />
</source><br />
*Change the battery charged status as full and deterioration status as fair.<br />
<source lang="c"><br />
static void android_server_BatteryService_update(JNIEnv* env, jobject obj)<br />
{<br />
setBooleanField(env, obj, AC_ONLINE_PATH, gFieldIds.mAcOnline);<br />
setBooleanField(env, obj, USB_ONLINE_PATH, gFieldIds.mUsbOnline);<br />
setBooleanField(env, obj, BATTERY_PRESENT_PATH, gFieldIds.mBatteryPresent);<br />
<br />
setIntField(env, obj, BATTERY_CAPACITY_PATH, gFieldIds.mBatteryLevel);<br />
setIntField(env, obj, BATTERY_VOLTAGE_PATH, gFieldIds.mBatteryVoltage);<br />
setIntField(env, obj, BATTERY_TEMPERATURE_PATH, gFieldIds.mBatteryTemperature);<br />
<br />
/* Change */<br />
env->SetIntField(obj, gFieldIds.mBatteryStatus, gConstants.statusFull);<br />
env->SetIntField(obj, gFieldIds.mBatteryHealth, gConstants.healthGood);<br />
env->SetObjectField(obj, gFieldIds.mBatteryTechnology, env->NewStringUTF("1"));<br />
<br />
/*!!!comment out!!!<br />
const int SIZE = 128;<br />
char buf[SIZE];<br />
<br />
if (readFromFile(BATTERY_STATUS_PATH, buf, SIZE) > 0)<br />
env->SetIntField(obj, gFieldIds.mBatteryStatus, getBatteryStatus(buf));<br />
<br />
if (readFromFile(BATTERY_HEALTH_PATH, buf, SIZE) > 0)<br />
env->SetIntField(obj, gFieldIds.mBatteryHealth, getBatteryHealth(buf));<br />
<br />
if (readFromFile(BATTERY_TECHNOLOGY_PATH, buf, SIZE) > 0)<br />
env->SetObjectField(obj, gFieldIds.mBatteryTechnology, env->NewStringUTF(buf));<br />
*/<br />
}<br />
</source><br />
<br />
===Audio===<br />
{{Note| To do!!!}}<br />
<br />
===Touchscreen===<br />
{{Note| To do!!!}}<br />
<br />
===Change init.rc===<br />
Open $ANDROID_SOURCE/system/core/rootdir, comment the 'mount roofs' in read only mode and 'mount yaffs2' lines like this:<br />
<pre class="config"><br />
# mount rootfs rootfs / rw <br />
...<br />
# mount mtd partitions<br />
# Mount /system rw first to give the filesystem a chance to save a checkpoint<br />
# mount yaffs2 mtd@system /system <br />
# mount yaffs2 mtd@system /system ro remount<br />
<br />
# We chown/chmod /data again so because mount is run as root + defaults<br />
# mount yaffs2 mtd@userdata /data nosuid nodev<br />
chown system system /data<br />
chmod 0771 /data<br />
<br />
# Same reason as /data above<br />
# mount yaffs2 mtd@cache /cache nosuid nodev<br />
chown system cache /cache<br />
chmod 0770 /cache<br />
<br />
# This may have been created by the recovery system with odd permissions<br />
chown system system /cache/recovery<br />
chmod 0770 /cache/recovery<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
===Compile===<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ cd $ANDROID_SOURCE<br />
$ make<br />
</pre><br />
==Making RootFS==<br />
===Android Root File system===<br />
Android emulator has 3 basic images on tools/lib/images directory.<br />
* '''ramdisk.img''' is gziped cpio archive. ramdisk.img is a small partition image that is mounted read-only by the kernel at boot time. It only contains /init and a few config files. It is used to start init which will mount the rest of the system images properly and run the init procedure. A Ramdisk is a standard Linux feature. It is made just for the Android and do special things to start up the Android system.<br />
* '''system.img''' is a partition image that will be mounted as / and thus contains all system binaries.<br />
* '''userdata.img''' is a partition image that can be mounted as /data and thus contains all application-specific and user-specific data.<br />
<br />
===Android root filesystem for apf27===<br />
Actually, Android should use a file system how support mmap function like yaffs2, ext2 or ubifs. Unfortunaly, U-Boot support only jffs2 or ext2. So we will use ext2 root file system on a µSD.<br />
<br />
Android’s root file system is generated in $ANDROID_SOURCE/out/target/product/generic. We will create a folder containing all Android files images. <br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ sudo rm -rf $ANDROID_SOURCE/rootfs/<br />
$ cd $ANDROID_SOURCE/out/target/product/generic<br />
$ mkdir $ANDROID_SOURCE/rootfs<br />
$ cp -a root/* $ANDROID_SOURCE/rootfs/<br />
$ cp -a system/* $ANDROID_SOURCE/rootfs/system/<br />
$ cd $ANDROID_SOURCE/rootfs<br />
$ sudo chown -R root.root .<br />
$ sudo chmod -R a+rwX data system<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
===Formatting an MMC/µSD card===<br />
We will create two partitions on our mmc/µSD card, The first one will use for Android memory card, the second one will use for Android file system.<br />
First connect your card reader to your workstation, with the mmc/µSD card inside. Type the '''dmesg''' command to see which device is used by your workstation. Let’s assume that this device is '''/dev/sdb'''<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ dmesg<br />
...<br />
[ 9145.613954] sdb: sdb1 sdb2<br />
[ 9145.615125] sd 10:0:0:0: [sdc] Attached SCSI removable disk<br />
[ 9145.615258] sd 10:0:0:0: Attached scsi generic sg3 type 0<br />
</pre><br />
Type the mount command to check your currently mounted partitions. If MMC/SD partitions are mounted, unmount them.<br><br />
In a terminal edit partitions with fdisk:<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
sudo fdisk /dev/sdb<br />
</pre><br />
Delete any existing partition with the d command.<br><br />
Now, create the boot partition:<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
Command (m for help): n<br />
Command action<br />
e extended<br />
p primary partition (1-4)<br />
p<br />
Partition number (1-4): 1<br />
First cylinder (1-495, default 1): 1<br />
Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (1-239, default 239): +1G<br />
</pre><br />
Change its type to FAT32:<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
Command (m for help): t<br />
Selected partition 1<br />
Hex code (type L to list codes): c<br />
Changed system type of partition 1 to c (W95 FAT32 (LBA))<br />
</pre><br />
Using the n command again, create a second partition filling up the rest of your card (just accept default values).<br><br />
Now, format the partitions in your card:<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
sudo mkfs.vfat -n MemoryCard -F 32 /dev/sdb1<br />
sudo mkfs.ext2 -L AndroidFS /dev/sdb2<br />
</pre><br />
Remove and insert your card again. Your new partitions should be mounted automatically.<br><br />
===Copying data to the MMC/SD card===<br />
Now copy the Android root filesystem to the second partition.<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
sudo rsync -a $ANDROID_SOURCE/rootfs/ /media/AndroidFS/<br />
</pre><br />
Finish by unmounting your mmc/µSD partitions:<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
sudo umount /media/MemoryCard<br />
sudo umount /media/AndroidFS<br />
</pre><br />
==Boot setup==<br />
The last thing left to do is to specify how the board boots Linux.<br><br />
In the U-boot prompt, make the mmc boot is on second partition of the mmc/µSD card<br />
<pre class="apf"> <br />
# setenv mmcroot '/dev/mmcblk0p2 rw'<br />
</pre><br />
Now set the kernel command line arguments<br />
<pre class="apf"> <br />
# setenv addmmcargs 'setenv bootargs ${bootargs} root=${mmcroot} rootfstype=${mmcrootfstype} init=\init androidboot.console=ttyS0'<br />
# saveenv<br />
</pre><br />
==Start Android==<br />
<pre class="apf"> <br />
# run mmcboot<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
[[Image:Apf27_android.JPG]]<br />
<br />
==Debug 'n Test==<br />
===Trace on the console===<br />
Trace with '''strace'''<br />
<pre class="apf"> <br />
# mount /dev/mmcblk0p2 /mnt/mmc<br />
# strace chroot /mnt/mmc /init androidboot.console=ttyS0<br />
</pre><br />
Trave with '''logcat'''<br />
<pre class="apf"> <br />
# mount /dev/mmcblk0p2 /mnt/mmc<br />
# chroot /mnt/mmc /init androidboot.console=ttyS0 &<br />
# chroot /mnt/mmc /system/bin/logcat<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
===Test with Android emulator===<br />
Documentation on Android [http://developer.android.com/guide/developing/tools/emulator.html emulator]<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ cd $ANDROID_SOURCE/kernel<br />
$ make ARCH=arm goldfish_defconfig<br />
$ make ARCH=arm CROSS_COMPILE=$ANDROID_SOURCE/prebuilt/linux-x86/toolchain/arm-eabi-4.2.1/bin/arm-eabi<br />
# Create AVD (Android Virtual Device)<br />
$ $ANDROID_SDK/tools/android create avd -n APF27-H -t 2 -s 272x480<br />
$ $ANDROID_SDK/tools/android create avd -n APF27-L -t 2 -s 480x272<br />
$ $ANDROID_SOURCE/out/host/linux-x86/bin/emulator -avd APF27-H -sysdir $ANDROID_SOURCE/out/target/product/generic/ -kernel $ANDROID_SOURCE/kernel/arch/arm/boot/zImage -data $ANDROID_SOURCE/out/target/product/generic/userdata.img -ramdisk $ANDROID_SOURCE/out/target/product/generic/ramdisk.img -system $ANDROID_SOURCE/out/target/product/generic/system.img<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
==Links==<br />
* [http://elinux.org/Android Android page on elinux.org]<br />
** [http://elinux.org/Android_on_OMAP Android on OMAP portage page on elinux.org]<br />
* [http://wiki.openmoko.org/wiki/Android Android on OpenMoko]<br />
* http://wiki.kldp.org/wiki.php/AndroidPortingOnRealTarget</div>NicolasDhttp://armadeus.org/wiki/index.php?title=File:Apf27_android.JPG&diff=7201File:Apf27 android.JPG2009-08-07T13:03:22Z<p>NicolasD: Android on Armadeus apf27</p>
<hr />
<div>Android on Armadeus apf27</div>NicolasDhttp://armadeus.org/wiki/index.php?title=User:NicolasD&diff=7200User:NicolasD2009-08-07T13:01:13Z<p>NicolasD: </p>
<hr />
<div>Je suis Nicolas Duclos, j'ai 35 ans et je suis informaticien de formation avec un DESS (master) en info à Rennes.<br />
<br />
==Truc utile==<br />
===GRUB sur clé USB===<br />
Voici une petite astuce pour :<br />
* ne plus perdre GRUB lors de la réinstallation de Windows<br />
* toujours accéder à Windows après l'(la ré-)installation de Linux... (oui oui ca arrive souvent :) )<br />
* rendre inaccessible la partition Linux sur votre machine<br />
L'astuce est d'installer ''que'' GRUB sur une clé USB.<br />
{{Note| l'ordre des actions est important}}<br />
* Formater la cle USB en fat32 (gparted)<br />
* Récupérer la liste des disques monter ainsi que leur ID <br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ sudo blkid<br />
/dev/sda1: UUID="CC5C86435C862872" TYPE="ntfs" <br />
/dev/sda5: UUID="aad30bf1-d620-4244-9fb5-42f4a38075fb" TYPE="ext3" <br />
/dev/sda6: TYPE="swap" UUID="e3163bab-1fcc-4bcd-844d-7dcabc35015c" <br />
/dev/sdb1: UUID="4C9D-547F" TYPE="vfat" <br />
</pre><br />
* installer Grub sur la clé USB<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ grub-install --no-floppy --root-directory=/media/disk /dev/sdb1 (remplacer sdb1 par la valeur récupérée avec la commande précédente)<br />
</pre><br />
* demonter le disque USB<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ sudo umount /media/disk<br />
</pre><br />
* Installer le MBR<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ sudo install-mbr /dev/sdb1<br />
</pre><br />
* Mettre le flag boot sur la clé USB (gparted)<br />
===make gconfig===<br />
Installer les bibliothèques pour lancer make gconfig<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
sudo apt-get install libgtk2.0-dev libglib2.0-dev libglade2-dev<br />
</pre><br />
==Participation à la documentation Armadeus Project==<br />
* [[Android]]</div>NicolasDhttp://armadeus.org/wiki/index.php?title=MemberList&diff=7199MemberList2009-08-07T12:28:01Z<p>NicolasD: /* Here is the list of the (active) members and their skills */</p>
<hr />
<div>==Here is the list of the (active) members and their skills==<br />
<br />
This list is maintained by the users themself.<br />
<br />
*0: Novice<br />
*1: Notions. At least one successfull experiment<br />
*2: Confirmed<br />
<br><br />
<br />
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" summary="Signal connections"<br />
|- style="background:#efefef;"<br />
! '''Name / IRC Nickname''' || '''Linux Apps'''|| '''Linux Drivers'''|| '''FPGA''' || '''Board Design''' || '''Projet/Domain'''<br />
|----------------<br />
|[[User:Salocin68|Nicolas Colombain / Salocin]] || 1 || 1 || 1 || 2 || domotics<br />
|----------------<br />
|[[User:JulienB|Julien Boibessot / Artemys]] || 2 || 2 || 0 || 1 || multimedia<br />
|----------------<br />
|[[User:JeanBaptisteM|Jean-Baptiste Mayer / JiBee]] || 2 || 1 || 1 || 1 || robotics<br />
|----------------<br />
|[[User:NicolasA|Nicolas Aguirre]] || 2 || 0 || 1 || 1 || multimedia<br />
|----------------<br />
|[[User:BenoitC|Benoît Canet]] || 2 || 0 || 0 || 0 || multimedia<br />
|----------------<br />
|[[User:SonZerro|Sonzerro]] || 0 || 0 || 1 || 2 || domotics<br />
|----------------<br />
|[[User:HenriG|Henri Geist]] || 1 || 1 || 0 || 1 || robotics<br />
|----------------<br />
|[[User:BorredonB|Bernard Borredon]] || 2 || 1 || 0 || 1 || domotics<br />
|----------------<br />
|[[User:ThomasB|Thomas Bores]] || 2 || 0 || 0 || 1 || Entertainment<br />
|----------------<br />
|[[User:FabriceM|Fabrice Mousset / KroMignon]] || 1 || 1 || 2 || 1 || Domotics & multimedia<br />
|----------------<br />
|[[User:AmineH|Amine EL HEDADI]] || 2 || 2 || 0 || 0 || domotics & robotics<br />
|----------------<br />
|[[User:PhilippeM|Philippe Monteil]] || 2 || 0 || 0 || 0 || multimedia<br />
|----------------<br />
|[[User:CedricZ|Cédric Zmyj]] || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || domotics & robotics<br />
|----------------<br />
|[[User:JeanMichelN|Jean Michel Naimo / jeanmi12 ]] || 2 || 1 || 1 || 1 || Domotics & entertainment<br />
|----------------<br />
|[[User:OlivierC|Olivier Coutanceau]] || 1 || 0 || 0 || 0 || multimedia<br />
|----------------<br />
|[[User:ArnaudC|Arnaud COFFINET]] || 0 || 0 || 1 || 2 || multimedia & domotics<br />
|----------------<br />
|[[User:SylvainP|Sylvain PARRINO]] || 2 || 1 || 0 || 0 || robotics<br />
|----------------<br />
|[[User:AurelienH|Aurélien HIRON]] || 2 || 0 || 0 || 1 || robotics<br />
|----------------<br />
|[[User:GuillaumeT|Guillaume TRANNOY]] || 0 || 0 || 0 || 2 || domotics & robotics<br />
|----------------<br />
|[[User:JulienN|Julien NICOLAS / jujun]] || 2 || 1 || 0 || 1 || multimedia & network<br />
|----------------<br />
|[[User:StephaneF|Stéphane Falck]] || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || multimedia & robotics & domotics<br />
|----------------<br />
|[[User:GillesD|Gilles DUSSIN/ Sellig]] || 1 || 0 || 1 || 1 || robotics<br />
|----------------<br />
|[[User:MaximeL|Maxime Liron]] || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || domotics, robotics & multimedia<br />
|----------------<br />
|[[User:NicolasC|Nicolas CHARLERY/ realniko]] || 2 || 0 || 0 || 0 || electronic<br />
|----------------<br />
|[[User:BenoitJ|Benoit JESTER]] || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || robotics <br />
|----------------<br />
|[[User:FabienM|Fabien MARTEAU/ FabM]] || 1 || 2 || 1 || 1 || robotics,domotics <br />
|----------------<br />
|[[User:XavierA|Xavier AZNAR]] || 1 || 1 || 0 || 0 || environment, entertainment, domotic <br />
|----------------<br />
|[[User:AlbericA|Albéric AUBLANC / PoueT]] || 2 || 0 || 1 || 0 || domotics & multimedia, robotics, entertainment, <br />
|----------------<br />
|[[User:FredericB| Frédéric Blain / creber]] || 2 || 1 || 0 || 0 || system, domotics<br />
|----------------<br />
|[[User:JeanBaptisteMa| Jean-Baptiste Maillet]] || 2 || 1 || 0 || 0 || system<br />
|----------------<br />
|[[User:JeanFrancoisR| Jean-François Rousval]] || 2 || 1 || 0 || 1 || <br />
|----------------<br />
|[[User:JulienPeeters| Julien Peeters]] || 2 || 1 || 0 || 0 || domotics, real-time, entertainment, network<br />
|----------------<br />
|[[User:YoannC| Yoann Congal / Alpheb]] || 0 || 0 || 0 || 1 || robotics<br />
|----------------<br />
|[[User:MatthieuT| Matthieu Texier / weeber]] || 1 || 0 || 1 || 0 || robotics, real-time<br />
|----------------<br />
|[[User:MartialG| Martial Guex]] || 2 || 1 || 1 || 2 || transceiver RF, real-time, wireless<br />
|----------------<br />
|[[User:NicolasL| Nicolas Lantz]] || 2 || 2 || 1 || 1 ||<br />
|----------------<br />
|[[User:GuillaumeD| Guillaume DELVIT]] || 1 || 1 || 1 || 1 || system, asynchronous CPU<br />
|----------------<br />
|[[User:BernardR|Bernard REMOND ]] || x || x || x || x || <br />
|----------------<br />
|[[User:SamirH| Samir HAMNACHE]] || 0 || 0 || 0 || 1 || électronique<br />
|----------------<br />
|[[User:OlivierT|Olivier TARDIEU]] || 0 || 0 || 0 || 1 || électronique,robotics,domotics <br />
|----------------<br />
|[[User:ThibautR|Thibault Rétornaz]] || 1 || 1 || 1 || 0 || bio-med, électronique<br />
|----------------<br />
|[[User:BrunoS|Bruno Suarez]] || 2 || 0 || 0 || 0 || bio-med, électronique<br />
|----------------<br />
|[[User:guillaumeDe|Guillaume Denis]] || 0 || 0 || 2 || 1 || Electronique numérique, FPGA<br />
|----------------<br />
|[[User:KevinP|Kévin PETIT]] || 1 || 0 || 1 || 1 || Multimedia<br />
|----------------<br />
|[[User:PierreBa|Pierre Baudemont / b4ud3]] || 2 || 0 || 1 || 0 || domotics, robotics<br />
|----------------<br />
|[[User:BrunoL|Bruno Landré]] || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || robotics<br />
|----------------<br />
|[[User:AntonioMB|Antonio Meléndez]] || 0 || 0 || 1 || 2 || domotics, robotics, eletcronics<br />
|----------------<br />
|[[User:MichelTe|Michel Le Mer]] || 0 || 0 || 2 || 2 || electronics, software<br />
|----------------<br />
|[[User:JulienBa|Julien Baley]] || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || <br />
|----------------<br />
|[[User:FrankA|Frank ANJEAUX]] || 1 || 0 || 0 || 1 || software,robotics, domotics, electronics<br />
|----------------<br />
|[[User:JulienViaud|Julien viaud/polric]] || 2 || 0 || 1 || 1 || <br />
|----------------<br />
|[[User:NicolasCa|Nicolas CARTIER]] || 1 || 1 || 0 || 2 || domotics & robotics<br />
|----------------<br />
|[[User:PierreAlexandreS|Pierre Alexandre SCHEMBRI]] || 2 || 1 || 2 || 2 || electronics, board design, embedded software, FPGA, robotics, low power<br />
|----------------<br />
|[[User:AlexG|Alex GONZALEZ]] || 2 || 2 || 0 || 1 || telecommunications, network & multimedia<br />
|----------------<br />
|[[User:JulienL|Julien Lefrique / apapi]] || 1 || 0 || 1 || 1 ||<br />
|----------------<br />
|[[User:PaoloB|Paolo Bernini / nihil84]] || 2 || 1 || 0 || 0 || robotics, real-time<br />
|----------------<br />
|[[User:MichielE|Michiel Ettema]] || 0 || 0 || 0 || 1 || telecommunications, networking<br />
|----------------<br />
|[[User:NicolasD|Nicolas Duclos]] || 2 || 1 || 0 || 0 || telecommunications, domotics and funs<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==Links==<br />
* [[Members | Geographical position of the members]]<br />
<br />
[[Category:Association]]</div>NicolasDhttp://armadeus.org/wiki/index.php?title=User:NicolasD&diff=7160User:NicolasD2009-07-31T14:43:28Z<p>NicolasD: </p>
<hr />
<div>Désolé de pourrir les 'recent changes' :)<br />
==Truc utile==<br />
===GRUB sur clé USB===<br />
Voici une petite astuce pour :<br />
* ne plus perdre GRUB lors de la réinstallation de Windows<br />
* ne plus avoir accès à Windows après l'installation de Linux<br />
* rendre inaccessible la partition Linux sur votre machine<br />
L'astuce est d'installer ''que'' GRUB sur une clé USB. '''Attention, l'ordre des actions est important'''<br />
* Formater la cle USB en fat32 (gparted)<br />
* Récupérer la liste des disques monter ainsi que leur ID <br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ sudo blkid<br />
/dev/sda1: UUID="CC5C86435C862872" TYPE="ntfs" <br />
/dev/sda5: UUID="aad30bf1-d620-4244-9fb5-42f4a38075fb" TYPE="ext3" <br />
/dev/sda6: TYPE="swap" UUID="e3163bab-1fcc-4bcd-844d-7dcabc35015c" <br />
/dev/sdb1: UUID="4C9D-547F" TYPE="vfat" <br />
</pre><br />
* installer Grub sur la clé USB<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ grub-install --no-floppy --root-directory=/media/disk /dev/sdb1 (remplacer sdb1 par la valeur récupérée avec la commande précédente)<br />
</pre><br />
* demonter le disque USB<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ sudo umount /media/disk<br />
</pre><br />
* Installer le MBR<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ sudo install-mbr /dev/sdb1<br />
</pre><br />
* Mettre le flag boot sur la clé USB (gparted)<br />
===make gconfig===<br />
Installer les bibliothèques pour lancer make gconfig<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
sudo apt-get install libgtk2.0-dev libglib2.0-dev libglade2-dev<br />
</pre><br />
==Banc à sable==<br />
<br />
Ce qui suit n'est qu'un brouillon avec les fautes de frappes et d'orthographes comme il se doit.<br />
<br />
<br />
==Prerequisites for Linux installation==<br />
===Install needed software packages===<br />
* Install these package for build the kernel image and for format the mmc/µSD card<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ sudo apt-get install uboot-mkimage mtd-utils<br />
</pre><br />
* [[Toolchain]]<br />
<br />
===Update the environment variables===<br />
Theses environment variables install the Android and Armadeus folder in our home directory, but of course, it can be placed anywhere!<br />
<pre class="config"><br />
export ANDROID_SOURCE=~/apf27droid<br />
export ANDROID_SDK=~/android-sdk-linux_x86-1.5_r3<br />
export ARMADEUS=~/armadeus-3.1<br />
export PATH=${PATH}:${ANDROID_SDK}/tools:${ANDROID_SOURCE}/bin<br />
</pre><br />
==Construction of Android environment==<br />
===Download Android source===<br />
The [http://source.android.com/download getting Android source] document describes how to set up our local work environment. <br />
Follow theses instructions until '''Installing Repo''' chapter.<br><br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ mkdir ANDROID_SOURCE<br />
$ cd $ANDROID_SOURCE<br />
$ mkdir bin<br />
$ curl http://android.git.kernel.org/repo >$ANDROID_SOURCE/bin/repo<br />
$ chmod a+x $ANDROID_SOURCE/bin/repo<br />
$ repo init -u git://android.git.kernel.org/platform/manifest.git -b android-sdk-1.5_r3<br />
$ repo sync<br />
</pre><br />
Since android-sdk-1.5_r3 branch, the Linux kernel isn't with the Android source, <br />
We can download it in a compress archive (tar.gz) file with this [http://android.git.kernel.org/?p=kernel/common.git;a=snapshot;h=refs/heads/android-2.6.29;sf=tgz android-kernel-2.6.29] (about (70Mib) or with git repository (more 300Mib)<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ mkdir $ANDROID_SOURCE/kernel<br />
$ cd $ANDROID_SOURCE/kernel<br />
$ git clone git://android.git.kernel.org/kernel/common.git android-2.6.29<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
===Apply the Armadeus patchset===<br />
Before compiling the kernel, we patch the source with the Armadeus patches. In second time, I will give the URL to retrieve Linux 2.6.29.4 patch.<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ $ARMADEUS/buildroot/toolchain/patch-kernel.sh $ANDROID_SOURCE/kernel $ARMADEUS/downloads patch-2.6.29.4.bz2<br />
$ $ARMADEUS/buildroot/toolchain/patch-kernel.sh $ANDROID_SOURCE/kernel $ARMADEUS/buildroot/toolchain/kernel-headers linux-2.6.29.4-\*.patch{,.gz,.bz2}<br />
$ $ARMADEUS/buildroot/toolchain/patch-kernel.sh $ANDROID_SOURCE/kernel $ARMADEUS/buildroot/target/device/armadeus/linux/kernel-patches/2.6.29.4 \*.patch{,.gz,.bz2}<br />
$ mkdir $ANDROID_SOURCE/kernel/drivers/armadeus<br />
$ cp -r $ARMADEUS/target/linux/modules/* $ANDROID_SOURCE/kernel/drivers/armadeus<br />
$ cp $ARMADEUS/buildroot/target/device/armadeus/apf27/apf27-linux-2.6.29.config $ANDROID_SOURCE/kernel/arch/arm/configs/apf27_android_defconfig<br />
</pre><br />
===Battery patch===<br />
At the beginning, reboot happened over again even though Android logo appeared on board.<br />
Result of investigation, we found that battery power was returned with 0 when boot.. Then, we changed to notify full battery to Android by ignoring the information under '''/sys/class/power_supply''' so that to prevent the power down by low battery '''$ANDROID_SOURCE/frameworks/base/services/jni/com_android_server_BatteryService.cpp'''<br />
*Change the battery service status as TRUE<br />
<source lang="c"><br />
static void setBooleanField(JNIEnv* env, jobject obj, const char* path, jfieldID fieldID)<br />
{<br />
const int SIZE = 16;<br />
char buf[SIZE];<br />
<br />
jboolean value = true; /* change false -> true */<br />
/*!!!comment out!!!<br />
if (readFromFile(path, buf, SIZE) > 0) {<br />
if (buf[0] == '1') {<br />
value = true;<br />
}<br />
}<br />
*/<br />
env->SetBooleanField(obj, fieldID, value);<br />
}<br />
</source><br />
*Change the volume, voltage and temperature of battery. Return 100%.<br />
<source lang="c"><br />
static void setIntField(JNIEnv* env, jobject obj, const char* path, jfieldID fieldID)<br />
{<br />
const int SIZE = 128;<br />
char buf[SIZE];<br />
<br />
jint value = 100; /* change 0 -> 100 */<br />
/*!!!comment out!!!<br />
if (readFromFile(path, buf, SIZE) > 0) {<br />
value = atoi(buf);<br />
}<br />
*/<br />
env->SetIntField(obj, fieldID, value);<br />
}<br />
</source><br />
*Change the battery charged status as full and deterioration status as fair.<br />
<source lang="c"><br />
static void android_server_BatteryService_update(JNIEnv* env, jobject obj)<br />
{<br />
setBooleanField(env, obj, AC_ONLINE_PATH, gFieldIds.mAcOnline);<br />
setBooleanField(env, obj, USB_ONLINE_PATH, gFieldIds.mUsbOnline);<br />
setBooleanField(env, obj, BATTERY_PRESENT_PATH, gFieldIds.mBatteryPresent);<br />
<br />
setIntField(env, obj, BATTERY_CAPACITY_PATH, gFieldIds.mBatteryLevel);<br />
setIntField(env, obj, BATTERY_VOLTAGE_PATH, gFieldIds.mBatteryVoltage);<br />
setIntField(env, obj, BATTERY_TEMPERATURE_PATH, gFieldIds.mBatteryTemperature);<br />
<br />
/* Change */<br />
env->SetIntField(obj, gFieldIds.mBatteryStatus, gConstants.statusFull);<br />
env->SetIntField(obj, gFieldIds.mBatteryHealth, gConstants.healthGood);<br />
env->SetObjectField(obj, gFieldIds.mBatteryTechnology, env->NewStringUTF("1"));<br />
<br />
/*!!!comment out!!!<br />
const int SIZE = 128;<br />
char buf[SIZE];<br />
<br />
if (readFromFile(BATTERY_STATUS_PATH, buf, SIZE) > 0)<br />
env->SetIntField(obj, gFieldIds.mBatteryStatus, getBatteryStatus(buf));<br />
<br />
if (readFromFile(BATTERY_HEALTH_PATH, buf, SIZE) > 0)<br />
env->SetIntField(obj, gFieldIds.mBatteryHealth, getBatteryHealth(buf));<br />
<br />
if (readFromFile(BATTERY_TECHNOLOGY_PATH, buf, SIZE) > 0)<br />
env->SetObjectField(obj, gFieldIds.mBatteryTechnology, env->NewStringUTF(buf));<br />
*/<br />
}<br />
</source><br />
===Android kernel configuration (2.6.29)===<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ cp $ARMADEUS/buildroot/target/device/armadeus/apf27/apf27-linux-2.6.29.config $ANDROID_SOURCE/kernel/arch/arm/configs/apf27_android_defconfig<br />
$ cd $ANDROID_SOURCE/kernel<br />
$ make ARCH=arm mrproper<br />
$ make ARCH=arm apf27_android_defconfig<br />
$ make ARCH=arm menuconfig<br />
</pre><br />
Make sure your kernel boots normally on your board. Then enable some Android specific configuration and make sure that your kernel still boots (with your standard file system).<br />
*Android pmem allocator<br />
<pre class="config"><br />
| General setup ---><br />
| ... <br />
| Device Drivers ---><br />
+ | Generic Driver Options ---><br />
| ...<br />
| [*] Misc devices ---><br />
+ | --- Misc devices<br />
| [*] Android pmem allocator<br />
</pre><br />
* Android drivers<br />
<pre class="config"><br />
| General setup ---><br />
| ... <br />
| Device Drivers ---><br />
+ | Generic Driver Options ---><br />
| ...<br />
| [*] Staging drivers ---> <br />
+ | --- Staging drivers<br />
| [ ] Exclude Staging drivers from being built (NEW)<br />
| ...<br />
| Android ---><br />
+ | [*] Android Drivers<br />
| [*] Android Binder IPC Driver<br />
| <*> Android log driver <br />
| [ ] Android RAM buffer console<br />
| [*] Timed output class driver (NEW)<br />
| < > Android timed gpio driver (NEW)<br />
| [*] Android Low Memory Killer <br />
</pre><br />
* Anonymous Shared Memory Subsystem<br />
<pre class="config"><br />
| General setup ---><br />
+ | ...<br />
| [*] Enable the Anonymous Shared Memory Subsystem<br />
</pre><br />
===Build Android kernel===<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ make ARCH=arm CROSS_COMPILE=../prebuilt/linux-x86/toolchain/arm-eabi-4.2.1/bin/arm-eabi- uImage<br />
$ cp ./arch/arm/boot/uImage $TFTPBOOT/apf27-linux.bin<br />
</pre><br />
==Making SD card for boot==<br />
===Copying the Android root filesystem===<br />
Android’s root file system is generated in $ANDROID_SOURCE/out/target/product/generic<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ sudo rm -rf $ANDROID_SOURCE/rootfs/<br />
$ cd $ANDROID_SOURCE/out/target/product/generic<br />
$ mkdir $ANDROID_SOURCE/rootfs<br />
$ cp -a root/* $ANDROID_SOURCE/rootfs/<br />
$ cp -a system/* $ANDROID_SOURCE/rootfs/system/<br />
$ cd $ANDROID_SOURCE/rootfs<br />
$ sudo chown -R root.root .<br />
$ sudo chmod -R a+rwX data system<br />
</pre><br />
===Change init.rc===<br />
Open $ANDROID_SOURCE/system/core/rootdir and comment the 'mount yaffs2' lines like this:<br />
<pre class="config"><br />
...<br />
# mount mtd partitions<br />
# Mount /system rw first to give the filesystem a chance to save a checkpoint<br />
# mount yaffs2 mtd@system /system <br />
# mount yaffs2 mtd@system /system ro remount<br />
<br />
# We chown/chmod /data again so because mount is run as root + defaults<br />
# mount yaffs2 mtd@userdata /data nosuid nodev<br />
chown system system /data<br />
chmod 0771 /data<br />
<br />
# Same reason as /data above<br />
# mount yaffs2 mtd@cache /cache nosuid nodev<br />
chown system cache /cache<br />
chmod 0770 /cache<br />
<br />
# This may have been created by the recovery system with odd permissions<br />
chown system system /cache/recovery<br />
chmod 0770 /cache/recovery<br />
...<br />
</pre><br />
===Formatting an MMC/SD card===<br />
We will create two partitions on our mmc/µSD card, The first one will use for Android memory card, the second one will use for Android file system.<br />
First connect your card reader to your workstation, with the mmc/µSD card inside. Type the '''dmesg''' command to see which device is used by your workstation. Let’s assume that this device is '''/dev/sdb'''<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ dmesg<br />
...<br />
[ 9145.613954] sdb: sdb1 sdb2<br />
[ 9145.615125] sd 10:0:0:0: [sdc] Attached SCSI removable disk<br />
[ 9145.615258] sd 10:0:0:0: Attached scsi generic sg3 type 0<br />
</pre><br />
Type the mount command to check your currently mounted partitions. If MMC/SD partitions are mounted, unmount them.<br><br />
In a terminal edit partitions with fdisk:<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
sudo fdisk /dev/sdb<br />
</pre><br />
Delete any existing partition with the d command.<br><br />
Now, create the boot partition:<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
Command (m for help): n<br />
Command action<br />
e extended<br />
p primary partition (1-4)<br />
p<br />
Partition number (1-4): 1<br />
First cylinder (1-495, default 1): 1<br />
Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (1-239, default 239): +1G<br />
</pre><br />
Change its type to FAT32:<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
Command (m for help): t<br />
Selected partition 1<br />
Hex code (type L to list codes): c<br />
Changed system type of partition 1 to c (W95 FAT32 (LBA))<br />
</pre><br />
Using the n command again, create a second partition filling up the rest of your card (just accept default values).<br><br />
Now, format the partitions in your card:<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
sudo mkfs.vfat -n MemoryCard -F 32 /dev/sdb1<br />
sudo mkfs.ext2 -L AndroidFS /dev/sdb2<br />
</pre><br />
Remove and insert your card again. Your new partitions should be mounted automatically.<br><br />
===Copying data to the MMC/SD card===<br />
Now copy the Android root filesystem to the second partition.<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
sudo rsync -a $ANDROID_SOURCE/rootfs/ /media/AndroidFS/<br />
</pre><br />
Finish by unmounting your mmc/µSD partitions:<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
sudo umount /media/MemoryCard<br />
sudo umount /media/AndroidFS<br />
</pre><br />
==Boot setup==<br />
The last thing left to do is to specify how the board boots Linux.<br><br />
In the U-boot prompt, make the mmc boot is on second partition of the mmc/µSD card<br />
<pre class="apf"> <br />
# setenv mmcroot '/dev/mmcblk0p2 rw'<br />
</pre><br />
Now set the kernel command line arguments<br />
<pre class="apf"> <br />
# setenv addmmcargs 'setenv bootargs ${bootargs} root=${mmcroot} rootfstype=${mmcrootfstype} init=\init androidboot.console=ttyS0'<br />
# saveenv<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
==Debug==<br />
Trace with '''strace'''<br />
<pre class="apf"> <br />
# mount /dev/mmcblk0p2 /mnt/mmc<br />
# strace chroot /mnt/mmc /init androidboot.console=ttyS0<br />
</pre><br />
Trave with '''logcat'''<br />
<pre class="apf"> <br />
# mount /dev/mmcblk0p2 /mnt/mmc<br />
# chroot /mnt/mmc /init androidboot.console=ttyS0 &<br />
# chroot /mnt/mmc /system/bin/logcat<br />
</pre><br />
===Test with Android emulator===<br />
[http://developer.android.com/guide/developing/tools/emulator.html emulator]<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ make ARCH=arm goldfish_defconfig<br />
$ make ARCH=arm CROSS_COMPILE=../prebuilt/linux-x86/toolchain/arm-eabi-4.2.1/bin/arm-eabi<br />
# créer des AVD (Android Virtual Device)<br />
$ ~/dev/android-sdk-linux_x86-1.5_r3/tools/android create avd -n APF27-H -t 2 -s 272x480<br />
$ ~/dev/android-sdk-linux_x86-1.5_r3/tools/android create avd -n APF27-L -t 2 -s 480x272<br />
$ $ANDROID/out/host/linux-x86/bin/emulator -avd APF27-H -sysdir $ANDROID/out/target/product/generic/ -kernel $ANDROID/kernel/arch/arm/boot/zImage -data $ANDROID/out/target/product/generic/userdata.img -ramdisk $ANDROID/out/target/product/generic/ramdisk.img -system $ANDROID/out/target/product/generic/system.img<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
==Android Root File system==<br />
Android emulator has 3 basic images on tools/lib/images directory.<br />
* '''ramdisk.img''' is gziped cpio archive. ramdisk.img is a small partition image that is mounted read-only by the kernel at boot time. It only contains /init and a few config files. It is used to start init which will mount the rest of the system images properly and run the init procedure. A Ramdisk is a standard Linux feature. It is made just for the Android and do special things to start up the Android system.<br />
* '''system.img''' is a partition image that will be mounted as / and thus contains all system binaries.<br />
* '''userdata.img''' is a partition image that can be mounted as /data and thus contains all application-specific and user-specific data.<br />
'''/system''' directory has libraries and default system packages (*.apk). /data directory has timezone, cache, and ''ApiDemos.apk'' package.<br><br />
The main services are zygote('''/system/bin/app_process'''), runtime('''/system/bin/runtime'''), and dbus('''/system/bin/dbus-daemon'''). You can see the '''/etc/init.rc''' file on the Android ramdisk image.<br />
<pre class="apf"> <br />
...<br />
zygote {<br />
exec /system/bin/app_process<br />
args {<br />
0 -Xzygote<br />
1 /system/bin<br />
2 --zygote<br />
}<br />
autostart 1<br />
}<br />
runtime {<br />
exec /system/bin/runtime<br />
autostart 1<br />
}<br />
...<br />
dbus {<br />
exec /system/bin/dbus-daemon<br />
args.0 --system<br />
args.1 --nofork<br />
autostart 1<br />
}<br />
...<br />
</pre></div>NicolasDhttp://armadeus.org/wiki/index.php?title=User:NicolasD&diff=7157User:NicolasD2009-07-31T09:53:10Z<p>NicolasD: </p>
<hr />
<div>Désolé de pourrir les 'recent changes' :)<br />
==Truc utile==<br />
===GRUB sur clé USB===<br />
Voici une petite astuce pour :<br />
* ne plus perdre GRUB lors de la réinstallation de Windows<br />
* ne plus avoir accès à Windows après l'installation de Linux<br />
* rendre inaccessible la partition Linux sur votre machine<br />
L'astuce est d'installer ''que'' GRUB sur une clé USB. '''Attention, l'ordre des actions est important'''<br />
* Formater la cle USB en fat32 (gparted)<br />
* Récupérer la liste des disques monter ainsi que leur ID <br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ sudo blkid<br />
/dev/sda1: UUID="CC5C86435C862872" TYPE="ntfs" <br />
/dev/sda5: UUID="aad30bf1-d620-4244-9fb5-42f4a38075fb" TYPE="ext3" <br />
/dev/sda6: TYPE="swap" UUID="e3163bab-1fcc-4bcd-844d-7dcabc35015c" <br />
/dev/sdb1: UUID="4C9D-547F" TYPE="vfat" <br />
</pre><br />
* installer Grub sur la clé USB<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ grub-install --no-floppy --root-directory=/media/disk /dev/sdb1 (remplacer sdb1 par la valeur récupérée avec la commande précédente)<br />
</pre><br />
* demonter le disque USB<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ sudo umount /media/disk<br />
</pre><br />
* Installer le MBR<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ sudo install-mbr /dev/sdb1<br />
</pre><br />
* Mettre le flag boot sur la clé USB (gparted)<br />
===make gconfig===<br />
Installer les bibliothèques pour lancer make gconfig<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
sudo apt-get install libgtk2.0-dev libglib2.0-dev libglade2-dev<br />
</pre><br />
==Banc à sable==<br />
<br />
Ce qui suit n'est qu'un brouillon avec les fautes de frappes et d'orthographes comme il se doit.<br />
<br />
<br />
==Prerequisites for Linux installation==<br />
===Install needed software packages===<br />
* Install these package for build the kernel image and for format the mmc/µSD card<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ sudo apt-get install uboot-mkimage mtd-utils<br />
</pre><br />
* [[Toolchain]]<br />
<br />
===Update the environment variables===<br />
Theses environment variables install the Android and Armadeus folder in our home directory, but of course, it can be placed anywhere!<br />
<pre class="config"><br />
export ANDROID_SOURCE=~/apf27droid<br />
export ANDROID_SDK=~/android-sdk-linux_x86-1.5_r3<br />
export ARMADEUS=~/armadeus-3.1<br />
export PATH=${PATH}:${ANDROID_SDK}/tools:${ANDROID_SOURCE}/bin<br />
</pre><br />
==Construction of Android environment==<br />
===Download Android source===<br />
The [http://source.android.com/download getting Android source] document describes how to set up our local work environment. <br />
Follow theses instructions until '''Installing Repo''' chapter.<br><br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ mkdir ANDROID_SOURCE<br />
$ cd $ANDROID_SOURCE<br />
$ mkdir bin<br />
$ curl http://android.git.kernel.org/repo >$ANDROID_SOURCE/bin/repo<br />
$ chmod a+x $ANDROID_SOURCE/bin/repo<br />
$ repo init -u git://android.git.kernel.org/platform/manifest.git -b android-sdk-1.5_r3<br />
$ repo sync<br />
</pre><br />
Since android-sdk-1.5_r3 branch, the Linux kernel isn't with the Android source, <br />
We can download it in a compress archive (tar.gz) file with this [http://android.git.kernel.org/?p=kernel/common.git;a=snapshot;h=refs/heads/android-2.6.29;sf=tgz android-kernel-2.6.29] (about (70Mib) or with git repository (more 300Mib)<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ mkdir $ANDROID_SOURCE/kernel<br />
$ cd $ANDROID_SOURCE/kernel<br />
$ git clone git://android.git.kernel.org/kernel/common.git android-2.6.29<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
===Apply the Armadeus patchset===<br />
Before compiling the kernel, we patch the source with the Armadeus patches. In second time, I will give the URL to retrieve Linux 2.6.29.4 patch.<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ $ARMADEUS/buildroot/toolchain/patch-kernel.sh $ANDROID_SOURCE/kernel $ARMADEUS/downloads patch-2.6.29.4.bz2<br />
$ $ARMADEUS/buildroot/toolchain/patch-kernel.sh $ANDROID_SOURCE/kernel $ARMADEUS/buildroot/toolchain/kernel-headers linux-2.6.29.4-\*.patch{,.gz,.bz2}<br />
$ $ARMADEUS/buildroot/toolchain/patch-kernel.sh $ANDROID_SOURCE/kernel $ARMADEUS/buildroot/target/device/armadeus/linux/kernel-patches/2.6.29.4 \*.patch{,.gz,.bz2}<br />
$ mkdir $ANDROID_SOURCE/kernel/drivers/armadeus<br />
$ cp -r $ARMADEUS/target/linux/modules/* $ANDROID_SOURCE/kernel/drivers/armadeus<br />
$ cp $ARMADEUS/buildroot/target/device/armadeus/apf27/apf27-linux-2.6.29.config $ANDROID_SOURCE/kernel/arch/arm/configs/apf27_android_defconfig<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
===Battery patch===<br />
At the beginning, reboot happened over again even though Android logo appeared on board.<br />
Result of investigation, we found that battery power was returned with 0 when boot.. <br />
To complete!!!<br />
===Android kernel configuration (2.6.29)===<br />
Make sure your kernel boots normally on your board. Then enable some Android specific configuration and make sure that your kernel still boots (with your standard file system).<br />
*Android pmem allocator<br />
<pre class="config"><br />
| General setup ---><br />
| ... <br />
| Device Drivers ---><br />
+ | Generic Driver Options ---><br />
| ...<br />
| [*] Misc devices ---><br />
+ | --- Misc devices<br />
| [*] Android pmem allocator<br />
</pre><br />
* Android drivers<br />
<pre class="config"><br />
| General setup ---><br />
| ... <br />
| Device Drivers ---><br />
+ | Generic Driver Options ---><br />
| ...<br />
| [*] Staging drivers ---> <br />
+ | --- Staging drivers<br />
| [ ] Exclude Staging drivers from being built (NEW)<br />
| ...<br />
| Android ---><br />
+ | [*] Android Drivers<br />
| [*] Android Binder IPC Driver<br />
| <*> Android log driver <br />
| [ ] Android RAM buffer console<br />
| [*] Timed output class driver (NEW)<br />
| < > Android timed gpio driver (NEW)<br />
| [*] Android Low Memory Killer <br />
</pre><br />
<br />
===compile Android kernel===<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ cd $ANDROID_SOURCE/kernel<br />
$ make ARCH=arm mrproper<br />
$ make ARCH=arm apf27_android_defconfig<br />
$ make ARCH=arm CROSS_COMPILE=../prebuilt/linux-x86/toolchain/arm-eabi-4.2.1/bin/arm-eabi- uImage<br />
$ cp ./arch/arm/boot/uImage $TFTPBOOT/apf27-linux.bin<br />
</pre><br />
==Making SD card for boot==<br />
===Copying the Android root filesystem===<br />
Android’s root file system is generated in $ANDROID_SOURCE/out/target/product/generic<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ cd $ANDROID_SOURCE/out/target/product/generic<br />
$ mkdir $ANDROID_SOURCE/rootfs (or '$ sudo rm -rf $ANDROID_SOURCE/rootfs/*' if the folder already exist )<br />
$ cp -a root/* $ANDROID_SOURCE/rootfs/<br />
$ cp -a system/* $ANDROID_SOURCE/rootfs/system/<br />
$ cd $ANDROID_SOURCE/rootfs<br />
$ sudo chown -R root.root .<br />
$ sudo chmod -R a+rwX data system<br />
</pre><br />
===Change init.rc===<br />
Open $ANDROID_SOURCE/system/core/rootdir and comment the 'mount yaffs2' lines like this:<br />
<pre class="config"><br />
...<br />
# mount mtd partitions<br />
# Mount /system rw first to give the filesystem a chance to save a checkpoint<br />
# mount yaffs2 mtd@system /system <br />
# mount yaffs2 mtd@system /system ro remount<br />
<br />
# We chown/chmod /data again so because mount is run as root + defaults<br />
# mount yaffs2 mtd@userdata /data nosuid nodev<br />
chown system system /data<br />
chmod 0771 /data<br />
<br />
# Same reason as /data above<br />
# mount yaffs2 mtd@cache /cache nosuid nodev<br />
chown system cache /cache<br />
chmod 0770 /cache<br />
<br />
# This may have been created by the recovery system with odd permissions<br />
chown system system /cache/recovery<br />
chmod 0770 /cache/recovery<br />
...<br />
</pre><br />
===Formatting an MMC/SD card===<br />
We will create two partitions on our mmc/µSD card, The first one will use for Android memory card, the second one will use for Android file system.<br />
First connect your card reader to your workstation, with the mmc/µSD card inside. Type the '''dmesg''' command to see which device is used by your workstation. Let’s assume that this device is '''/dev/sdb'''<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ dmesg<br />
...<br />
[ 9145.613954] sdb: sdb1 sdb2<br />
[ 9145.615125] sd 10:0:0:0: [sdc] Attached SCSI removable disk<br />
[ 9145.615258] sd 10:0:0:0: Attached scsi generic sg3 type 0<br />
</pre><br />
Type the mount command to check your currently mounted partitions. If MMC/SD partitions are mounted, unmount them.<br><br />
In a terminal edit partitions with fdisk:<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
sudo fdisk /dev/sdb<br />
</pre><br />
Delete any existing partition with the d command.<br><br />
Now, create the boot partition:<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
Command (m for help): n<br />
Command action<br />
e extended<br />
p primary partition (1-4)<br />
p<br />
Partition number (1-4): 1<br />
First cylinder (1-495, default 1): 1<br />
Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (1-239, default 239): +1G<br />
</pre><br />
Change its type to FAT32:<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
Command (m for help): t<br />
Selected partition 1<br />
Hex code (type L to list codes): c<br />
Changed system type of partition 1 to c (W95 FAT32 (LBA))<br />
</pre><br />
Using the n command again, create a second partition filling up the rest of your card (just accept default values).<br><br />
Now, format the partitions in your card:<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
sudo mkfs.vfat -n MemoryCard -F 32 /dev/sdb1<br />
sudo mkfs.ext2 -L AndroidFS /dev/sdb2<br />
</pre><br />
Remove and insert your card again. Your new partitions should be mounted automatically.<br><br />
===Copying data to the MMC/SD card===<br />
Now copy the Android root filesystem to the second partition.<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
sudo rsync -a $ANDROID_SOURCE/rootfs/ /media/AndroidFS/<br />
</pre><br />
Finish by unmounting your mmc/µSD partitions:<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
sudo umount /media/MemoryCard<br />
sudo umount /media/AndroidFS<br />
</pre><br />
==Boot setup==<br />
The last thing left to do is to specify how the board boots Linux.<br><br />
In the U-boot prompt, make the mmc boot is on second partition of the mmc/µSD card<br />
<pre class="apf"> <br />
# setenv mmcroot '/dev/mmcblk0p2 rw'<br />
</pre><br />
Now set the kernel command line arguments<br />
<pre class="apf"> <br />
# setenv addmmcargs 'setenv bootargs ${bootargs} root=${mmcroot} rootfstype=${mmcrootfstype} init=\init androidboot.console=ttyS0'<br />
# saveenv<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
==Debug==<br />
Trace with '''strace'''<br />
<pre class="apf"> <br />
# mount /dev/mmcblk0p2 /mnt/mmc<br />
# strace chroot /mnt/mmc /init androidboot.console=ttyS0<br />
</pre><br />
Trave with ''''logcat'''<br />
<pre class="apf"> <br />
# mount /dev/mmcblk0p2 /mnt/mmc<br />
# chroot /mnt/mmc /init androidboot.console=ttyS0 &<br />
# /system/bin/logcat<br />
</pre><br />
===Test with Android emulator===<br />
[http://developer.android.com/guide/developing/tools/emulator.html emulator]<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ make ARCH=arm goldfish_defconfig<br />
$ make ARCH=arm CROSS_COMPILE=../prebuilt/linux-x86/toolchain/arm-eabi-4.2.1/bin/arm-eabi<br />
# créer des AVD (Android Virtual Device)<br />
$ ~/dev/android-sdk-linux_x86-1.5_r3/tools/android create avd -n APF27-H -t 2 -s 272x480<br />
$ ~/dev/android-sdk-linux_x86-1.5_r3/tools/android create avd -n APF27-L -t 2 -s 480x272<br />
$ $ANDROID/out/host/linux-x86/bin/emulator -avd APF27-H -sysdir $ANDROID/out/target/product/generic/ -kernel $ANDROID/kernel/arch/arm/boot/zImage -data $ANDROID/out/target/product/generic/userdata.img -ramdisk $ANDROID/out/target/product/generic/ramdisk.img -system $ANDROID/out/target/product/generic/system.img<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
==Android Root File system==<br />
Android emulator has 3 basic images on tools/lib/images directory.<br />
* '''ramdisk.img''' is gziped cpio archive. ramdisk.img is a small partition image that is mounted read-only by the kernel at boot time. It only contains /init and a few config files. It is used to start init which will mount the rest of the system images properly and run the init procedure. A Ramdisk is a standard Linux feature. It is made just for the Android and do special things to start up the Android system.<br />
* '''system.img''' is a partition image that will be mounted as / and thus contains all system binaries.<br />
* '''userdata.img''' is a partition image that can be mounted as /data and thus contains all application-specific and user-specific data.<br />
'''/system''' directory has libraries and default system packages (*.apk). /data directory has timezone, cache, and ''ApiDemos.apk'' package.<br><br />
The main services are zygote('''/system/bin/app_process'''), runtime('''/system/bin/runtime'''), and dbus('''/system/bin/dbus-daemon'''). You can see the '''/etc/init.rc''' file on the Android ramdisk image.<br />
<pre class="apf"> <br />
...<br />
zygote {<br />
exec /system/bin/app_process<br />
args {<br />
0 -Xzygote<br />
1 /system/bin<br />
2 --zygote<br />
}<br />
autostart 1<br />
}<br />
runtime {<br />
exec /system/bin/runtime<br />
autostart 1<br />
}<br />
...<br />
dbus {<br />
exec /system/bin/dbus-daemon<br />
args.0 --system<br />
args.1 --nofork<br />
autostart 1<br />
}<br />
...<br />
</pre></div>NicolasDhttp://armadeus.org/wiki/index.php?title=User:NicolasD&diff=7156User:NicolasD2009-07-31T09:52:17Z<p>NicolasD: /* Android kernel configuration (2.6.29) */</p>
<hr />
<div>Désolé de pourrir les 'recent changes' :)<br />
==Truc utile==<br />
===GRUB sur clé USB===<br />
Voici une petite astuce pour :<br />
* ne plus perdre GRUB lors de la réinstallation de Windows<br />
* ne plus avoir accès à Windows après l'installation de Linux<br />
* rendre inaccessible la partition Linux sur votre machine<br />
L'astuce est d'installer ''que'' GRUB sur une clé USB. '''Attention, l'ordre des actions est important'''<br />
* Formater la cle USB en fat32 (gparted)<br />
* Récupérer la liste des disques monter ainsi que leur ID <br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ sudo blkid<br />
/dev/sda1: UUID="CC5C86435C862872" TYPE="ntfs" <br />
/dev/sda5: UUID="aad30bf1-d620-4244-9fb5-42f4a38075fb" TYPE="ext3" <br />
/dev/sda6: TYPE="swap" UUID="e3163bab-1fcc-4bcd-844d-7dcabc35015c" <br />
/dev/sdb1: UUID="4C9D-547F" TYPE="vfat" <br />
</pre><br />
* installer Grub sur la clé USB<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ grub-install --no-floppy --root-directory=/media/disk /dev/sdb1 (remplacer sdb1 par la valeur récupérée avec la commande précédente)<br />
</pre><br />
* demonter le disque USB<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ sudo umount /media/disk<br />
</pre><br />
* Installer le MBR<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ sudo install-mbr /dev/sdb1<br />
</pre><br />
* Mettre le flag boot sur la clé USB (gparted)<br />
===make gconfig===<br />
Installer les bibliothèques pour lancer make gconfig<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
sudo apt-get install libgtk2.0-dev libglib2.0-dev libglade2-dev<br />
</pre><br />
==Banc à sable==<br />
<br />
Ce qui suit n'est qu'un brouillon avec les fautes de frappes et d'orthographes comme il se doit.<br />
<br />
<br />
==Prerequisites for Linux installation==<br />
===Install needed software packages===<br />
* Install these package for build the kernel image and for format the mmc/µSD card<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ sudo apt-get install uboot-mkimage mtd-utils<br />
</pre><br />
* [[Toolchain]]<br />
<br />
===Update the environment variables===<br />
Theses environment variables install the Android and Armadeus folder in our home directory, but of course, it can be placed anywhere!<br />
<pre class="config"><br />
export ANDROID_SOURCE=~/apf27droid<br />
export ANDROID_SDK=~/android-sdk-linux_x86-1.5_r3<br />
export ARMADEUS=~/armadeus-3.1<br />
export PATH=${PATH}:${ANDROID_SDK}/tools:${ANDROID_SOURCE}/bin<br />
</pre><br />
==Construction of Android environment==<br />
===Download Android source===<br />
The [http://source.android.com/download getting Android source] document describes how to set up our local work environment. <br />
Follow theses instructions until '''Installing Repo''' chapter.<br><br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ mkdir ANDROID_SOURCE<br />
$ cd $ANDROID_SOURCE<br />
$ mkdir bin<br />
$ curl http://android.git.kernel.org/repo >$ANDROID_SOURCE/bin/repo<br />
$ chmod a+x $ANDROID_SOURCE/bin/repo<br />
$ repo init -u git://android.git.kernel.org/platform/manifest.git -b android-sdk-1.5_r3<br />
$ repo sync<br />
</pre><br />
Since android-sdk-1.5_r3 branch, the Linux kernel isn't with the Android source, <br />
We can download it in a compress archive (tar.gz) file with this [http://android.git.kernel.org/?p=kernel/common.git;a=snapshot;h=refs/heads/android-2.6.29;sf=tgz android-kernel-2.6.29] (about (70Mib) or with git repository (more 300Mib)<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ mkdir $ANDROID_SOURCE/kernel<br />
$ cd $ANDROID_SOURCE/kernel<br />
$ git clone git://android.git.kernel.org/kernel/common.git android-2.6.29<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
===Apply the Armadeus patchset===<br />
Before compiling the kernel, we patch the source with the Armadeus patches. In second time, I will give the URL to retrieve Linux 2.6.29.4 patch.<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ $ARMADEUS/buildroot/toolchain/patch-kernel.sh $ANDROID_SOURCE/kernel $ARMADEUS/downloads patch-2.6.29.4.bz2<br />
$ $ARMADEUS/buildroot/toolchain/patch-kernel.sh $ANDROID_SOURCE/kernel $ARMADEUS/buildroot/toolchain/kernel-headers linux-2.6.29.4-\*.patch{,.gz,.bz2}<br />
$ $ARMADEUS/buildroot/toolchain/patch-kernel.sh $ANDROID_SOURCE/kernel $ARMADEUS/buildroot/target/device/armadeus/linux/kernel-patches/2.6.29.4 \*.patch{,.gz,.bz2}<br />
$ mkdir $ANDROID_SOURCE/kernel/drivers/armadeus<br />
$ cp -r $ARMADEUS/target/linux/modules/* $ANDROID_SOURCE/kernel/drivers/armadeus<br />
$ cp $ARMADEUS/buildroot/target/device/armadeus/apf27/apf27-linux-2.6.29.config $ANDROID_SOURCE/kernel/arch/arm/configs/apf27_android_defconfig<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
===Battery patch===<br />
At the beginning, reboot happened over again even though Android logo appeared on board.<br />
Result of investigation, we found that battery power was returned with 0 when boot.. <br />
To complete!!!<br />
===Android kernel configuration (2.6.29)===<br />
Make sure your kernel boots normally on your board. Then enable some Android specific configuration and make sure that your kernel still boots (with your standard file system).<br />
*Android pmem allocator<br />
<pre class="config"><br />
| General setup ---><br />
| ... <br />
| Device Drivers ---><br />
+ | Generic Driver Options ---><br />
| ...<br />
| [*] Misc devices ---><br />
+ | --- Misc devices<br />
| [*] Android pmem allocator<br />
</pre><br />
* Android drivers<br />
<pre class="config"><br />
<pre class="config"><br />
| General setup ---><br />
| ... <br />
| Device Drivers ---><br />
+ | Generic Driver Options ---><br />
| ...<br />
| [*] Staging drivers ---> <br />
+ | --- Staging drivers<br />
| [ ] Exclude Staging drivers from being built (NEW)<br />
| ...<br />
| Android ---><br />
+ | [*] Android Drivers<br />
| [*] Android Binder IPC Driver<br />
| <*> Android log driver <br />
| [ ] Android RAM buffer console<br />
| [*] Timed output class driver (NEW)<br />
| < > Android timed gpio driver (NEW)<br />
| [*] Android Low Memory Killer <br />
</pre><br />
<br />
===compile Android kernel===<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ cd $ANDROID_SOURCE/kernel<br />
$ make ARCH=arm mrproper<br />
$ make ARCH=arm apf27_android_defconfig<br />
$ make ARCH=arm CROSS_COMPILE=../prebuilt/linux-x86/toolchain/arm-eabi-4.2.1/bin/arm-eabi- uImage<br />
$ cp ./arch/arm/boot/uImage $TFTPBOOT/apf27-linux.bin<br />
</pre><br />
==Making SD card for boot==<br />
===Copying the Android root filesystem===<br />
Android’s root file system is generated in $ANDROID_SOURCE/out/target/product/generic<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ cd $ANDROID_SOURCE/out/target/product/generic<br />
$ mkdir $ANDROID_SOURCE/rootfs (or '$ sudo rm -rf $ANDROID_SOURCE/rootfs/*' if the folder already exist )<br />
$ cp -a root/* $ANDROID_SOURCE/rootfs/<br />
$ cp -a system/* $ANDROID_SOURCE/rootfs/system/<br />
$ cd $ANDROID_SOURCE/rootfs<br />
$ sudo chown -R root.root .<br />
$ sudo chmod -R a+rwX data system<br />
</pre><br />
===Change init.rc===<br />
Open $ANDROID_SOURCE/system/core/rootdir and comment the 'mount yaffs2' lines like this:<br />
<pre class="config"><br />
...<br />
# mount mtd partitions<br />
# Mount /system rw first to give the filesystem a chance to save a checkpoint<br />
# mount yaffs2 mtd@system /system <br />
# mount yaffs2 mtd@system /system ro remount<br />
<br />
# We chown/chmod /data again so because mount is run as root + defaults<br />
# mount yaffs2 mtd@userdata /data nosuid nodev<br />
chown system system /data<br />
chmod 0771 /data<br />
<br />
# Same reason as /data above<br />
# mount yaffs2 mtd@cache /cache nosuid nodev<br />
chown system cache /cache<br />
chmod 0770 /cache<br />
<br />
# This may have been created by the recovery system with odd permissions<br />
chown system system /cache/recovery<br />
chmod 0770 /cache/recovery<br />
...<br />
</pre><br />
===Formatting an MMC/SD card===<br />
We will create two partitions on our mmc/µSD card, The first one will use for Android memory card, the second one will use for Android file system.<br />
First connect your card reader to your workstation, with the mmc/µSD card inside. Type the '''dmesg''' command to see which device is used by your workstation. Let’s assume that this device is '''/dev/sdb'''<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ dmesg<br />
...<br />
[ 9145.613954] sdb: sdb1 sdb2<br />
[ 9145.615125] sd 10:0:0:0: [sdc] Attached SCSI removable disk<br />
[ 9145.615258] sd 10:0:0:0: Attached scsi generic sg3 type 0<br />
</pre><br />
Type the mount command to check your currently mounted partitions. If MMC/SD partitions are mounted, unmount them.<br><br />
In a terminal edit partitions with fdisk:<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
sudo fdisk /dev/sdb<br />
</pre><br />
Delete any existing partition with the d command.<br><br />
Now, create the boot partition:<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
Command (m for help): n<br />
Command action<br />
e extended<br />
p primary partition (1-4)<br />
p<br />
Partition number (1-4): 1<br />
First cylinder (1-495, default 1): 1<br />
Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (1-239, default 239): +1G<br />
</pre><br />
Change its type to FAT32:<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
Command (m for help): t<br />
Selected partition 1<br />
Hex code (type L to list codes): c<br />
Changed system type of partition 1 to c (W95 FAT32 (LBA))<br />
</pre><br />
Using the n command again, create a second partition filling up the rest of your card (just accept default values).<br><br />
Now, format the partitions in your card:<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
sudo mkfs.vfat -n MemoryCard -F 32 /dev/sdb1<br />
sudo mkfs.ext2 -L AndroidFS /dev/sdb2<br />
</pre><br />
Remove and insert your card again. Your new partitions should be mounted automatically.<br><br />
===Copying data to the MMC/SD card===<br />
Now copy the Android root filesystem to the second partition.<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
sudo rsync -a $ANDROID_SOURCE/rootfs/ /media/AndroidFS/<br />
</pre><br />
Finish by unmounting your mmc/µSD partitions:<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
sudo umount /media/MemoryCard<br />
sudo umount /media/AndroidFS<br />
</pre><br />
==Boot setup==<br />
The last thing left to do is to specify how the board boots Linux.<br><br />
In the U-boot prompt, make the mmc boot is on second partition of the mmc/µSD card<br />
<pre class="apf"> <br />
# setenv mmcroot '/dev/mmcblk0p2 rw'<br />
</pre><br />
Now set the kernel command line arguments<br />
<pre class="apf"> <br />
# setenv addmmcargs 'setenv bootargs ${bootargs} root=${mmcroot} rootfstype=${mmcrootfstype} init=\init androidboot.console=ttyS0'<br />
# saveenv<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
==Debug==<br />
Trace with '''strace'''<br />
<pre class="apf"> <br />
# mount /dev/mmcblk0p2 /mnt/mmc<br />
# strace chroot /mnt/mmc /init androidboot.console=ttyS0<br />
</pre><br />
Trave with ''''logcat'''<br />
<pre class="apf"> <br />
# mount /dev/mmcblk0p2 /mnt/mmc<br />
# chroot /mnt/mmc /init androidboot.console=ttyS0 &<br />
# /system/bin/logcat<br />
</pre><br />
===Test with Android emulator===<br />
[http://developer.android.com/guide/developing/tools/emulator.html emulator]<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ make ARCH=arm goldfish_defconfig<br />
$ make ARCH=arm CROSS_COMPILE=../prebuilt/linux-x86/toolchain/arm-eabi-4.2.1/bin/arm-eabi<br />
# créer des AVD (Android Virtual Device)<br />
$ ~/dev/android-sdk-linux_x86-1.5_r3/tools/android create avd -n APF27-H -t 2 -s 272x480<br />
$ ~/dev/android-sdk-linux_x86-1.5_r3/tools/android create avd -n APF27-L -t 2 -s 480x272<br />
$ $ANDROID/out/host/linux-x86/bin/emulator -avd APF27-H -sysdir $ANDROID/out/target/product/generic/ -kernel $ANDROID/kernel/arch/arm/boot/zImage -data $ANDROID/out/target/product/generic/userdata.img -ramdisk $ANDROID/out/target/product/generic/ramdisk.img -system $ANDROID/out/target/product/generic/system.img<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
==Android Root File system==<br />
Android emulator has 3 basic images on tools/lib/images directory.<br />
* '''ramdisk.img''' is gziped cpio archive. ramdisk.img is a small partition image that is mounted read-only by the kernel at boot time. It only contains /init and a few config files. It is used to start init which will mount the rest of the system images properly and run the init procedure. A Ramdisk is a standard Linux feature. It is made just for the Android and do special things to start up the Android system.<br />
* '''system.img''' is a partition image that will be mounted as / and thus contains all system binaries.<br />
* '''userdata.img''' is a partition image that can be mounted as /data and thus contains all application-specific and user-specific data.<br />
'''/system''' directory has libraries and default system packages (*.apk). /data directory has timezone, cache, and ''ApiDemos.apk'' package.<br><br />
The main services are zygote('''/system/bin/app_process'''), runtime('''/system/bin/runtime'''), and dbus('''/system/bin/dbus-daemon'''). You can see the '''/etc/init.rc''' file on the Android ramdisk image.<br />
<pre class="apf"> <br />
...<br />
zygote {<br />
exec /system/bin/app_process<br />
args {<br />
0 -Xzygote<br />
1 /system/bin<br />
2 --zygote<br />
}<br />
autostart 1<br />
}<br />
runtime {<br />
exec /system/bin/runtime<br />
autostart 1<br />
}<br />
...<br />
dbus {<br />
exec /system/bin/dbus-daemon<br />
args.0 --system<br />
args.1 --nofork<br />
autostart 1<br />
}<br />
...<br />
</pre></div>NicolasDhttp://armadeus.org/wiki/index.php?title=User:NicolasD&diff=7155User:NicolasD2009-07-31T09:31:58Z<p>NicolasD: /* Apply the Armadeus patchset */</p>
<hr />
<div>Désolé de pourrir les 'recent changes' :)<br />
==Truc utile==<br />
===GRUB sur clé USB===<br />
Voici une petite astuce pour :<br />
* ne plus perdre GRUB lors de la réinstallation de Windows<br />
* ne plus avoir accès à Windows après l'installation de Linux<br />
* rendre inaccessible la partition Linux sur votre machine<br />
L'astuce est d'installer ''que'' GRUB sur une clé USB. '''Attention, l'ordre des actions est important'''<br />
* Formater la cle USB en fat32 (gparted)<br />
* Récupérer la liste des disques monter ainsi que leur ID <br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ sudo blkid<br />
/dev/sda1: UUID="CC5C86435C862872" TYPE="ntfs" <br />
/dev/sda5: UUID="aad30bf1-d620-4244-9fb5-42f4a38075fb" TYPE="ext3" <br />
/dev/sda6: TYPE="swap" UUID="e3163bab-1fcc-4bcd-844d-7dcabc35015c" <br />
/dev/sdb1: UUID="4C9D-547F" TYPE="vfat" <br />
</pre><br />
* installer Grub sur la clé USB<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ grub-install --no-floppy --root-directory=/media/disk /dev/sdb1 (remplacer sdb1 par la valeur récupérée avec la commande précédente)<br />
</pre><br />
* demonter le disque USB<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ sudo umount /media/disk<br />
</pre><br />
* Installer le MBR<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ sudo install-mbr /dev/sdb1<br />
</pre><br />
* Mettre le flag boot sur la clé USB (gparted)<br />
===make gconfig===<br />
Installer les bibliothèques pour lancer make gconfig<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
sudo apt-get install libgtk2.0-dev libglib2.0-dev libglade2-dev<br />
</pre><br />
==Banc à sable==<br />
<br />
Ce qui suit n'est qu'un brouillon avec les fautes de frappes et d'orthographes comme il se doit.<br />
<br />
<br />
==Prerequisites for Linux installation==<br />
===Install needed software packages===<br />
* Install these package for build the kernel image and for format the mmc/µSD card<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ sudo apt-get install uboot-mkimage mtd-utils<br />
</pre><br />
* [[Toolchain]]<br />
<br />
===Update the environment variables===<br />
Theses environment variables install the Android and Armadeus folder in our home directory, but of course, it can be placed anywhere!<br />
<pre class="config"><br />
export ANDROID_SOURCE=~/apf27droid<br />
export ANDROID_SDK=~/android-sdk-linux_x86-1.5_r3<br />
export ARMADEUS=~/armadeus-3.1<br />
export PATH=${PATH}:${ANDROID_SDK}/tools:${ANDROID_SOURCE}/bin<br />
</pre><br />
==Construction of Android environment==<br />
===Download Android source===<br />
The [http://source.android.com/download getting Android source] document describes how to set up our local work environment. <br />
Follow theses instructions until '''Installing Repo''' chapter.<br><br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ mkdir ANDROID_SOURCE<br />
$ cd $ANDROID_SOURCE<br />
$ mkdir bin<br />
$ curl http://android.git.kernel.org/repo >$ANDROID_SOURCE/bin/repo<br />
$ chmod a+x $ANDROID_SOURCE/bin/repo<br />
$ repo init -u git://android.git.kernel.org/platform/manifest.git -b android-sdk-1.5_r3<br />
$ repo sync<br />
</pre><br />
Since android-sdk-1.5_r3 branch, the Linux kernel isn't with the Android source, <br />
We can download it in a compress archive (tar.gz) file with this [http://android.git.kernel.org/?p=kernel/common.git;a=snapshot;h=refs/heads/android-2.6.29;sf=tgz android-kernel-2.6.29] (about (70Mib) or with git repository (more 300Mib)<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ mkdir $ANDROID_SOURCE/kernel<br />
$ cd $ANDROID_SOURCE/kernel<br />
$ git clone git://android.git.kernel.org/kernel/common.git android-2.6.29<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
===Apply the Armadeus patchset===<br />
Before compiling the kernel, we patch the source with the Armadeus patches. In second time, I will give the URL to retrieve Linux 2.6.29.4 patch.<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ $ARMADEUS/buildroot/toolchain/patch-kernel.sh $ANDROID_SOURCE/kernel $ARMADEUS/downloads patch-2.6.29.4.bz2<br />
$ $ARMADEUS/buildroot/toolchain/patch-kernel.sh $ANDROID_SOURCE/kernel $ARMADEUS/buildroot/toolchain/kernel-headers linux-2.6.29.4-\*.patch{,.gz,.bz2}<br />
$ $ARMADEUS/buildroot/toolchain/patch-kernel.sh $ANDROID_SOURCE/kernel $ARMADEUS/buildroot/target/device/armadeus/linux/kernel-patches/2.6.29.4 \*.patch{,.gz,.bz2}<br />
$ mkdir $ANDROID_SOURCE/kernel/drivers/armadeus<br />
$ cp -r $ARMADEUS/target/linux/modules/* $ANDROID_SOURCE/kernel/drivers/armadeus<br />
$ cp $ARMADEUS/buildroot/target/device/armadeus/apf27/apf27-linux-2.6.29.config $ANDROID_SOURCE/kernel/arch/arm/configs/apf27_android_defconfig<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
===Battery patch===<br />
At the beginning, reboot happened over again even though Android logo appeared on board.<br />
Result of investigation, we found that battery power was returned with 0 when boot.. <br />
To complete!!!<br />
===Android kernel configuration (2.6.29)===<br />
Make sure your kernel boots normally on your board. Then enable some Android specific configuration and make sure that your kernel still boots (with your standard file system).<br />
* EABI<br />
<pre class="config"><br />
CONFIG_AEABI=y<br />
# CONFIG_OABI_COMPAT is not set<br />
</pre><br />
* THUMB<br />
<pre class="config"><br />
CONFIG_ARM_THUMB=y<br />
</pre><br />
* Android drivers<br />
<pre class="config"><br />
<br />
# Android<br />
#<br />
CONFIG_ANDROID=y<br />
CONFIG_ANDROID_BINDER_IPC=y<br />
CONFIG_ANDROID_LOGGER=y<br />
# CONFIG_ANDROID_RAM_CONSOLE is not set<br />
CONFIG_ANDROID_TIMED_OUTPUT=y<br />
CONFIG_ANDROID_LOW_MEMORY_KILLER=y<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
===compile Android kernel===<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ cd $ANDROID_SOURCE/kernel<br />
$ make ARCH=arm mrproper<br />
$ make ARCH=arm apf27_android_defconfig<br />
$ make ARCH=arm CROSS_COMPILE=../prebuilt/linux-x86/toolchain/arm-eabi-4.2.1/bin/arm-eabi- uImage<br />
$ cp ./arch/arm/boot/uImage $TFTPBOOT/apf27-linux.bin<br />
</pre><br />
==Making SD card for boot==<br />
===Copying the Android root filesystem===<br />
Android’s root file system is generated in $ANDROID_SOURCE/out/target/product/generic<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ cd $ANDROID_SOURCE/out/target/product/generic<br />
$ mkdir $ANDROID_SOURCE/rootfs (or '$ sudo rm -rf $ANDROID_SOURCE/rootfs/*' if the folder already exist )<br />
$ cp -a root/* $ANDROID_SOURCE/rootfs/<br />
$ cp -a system/* $ANDROID_SOURCE/rootfs/system/<br />
$ cd $ANDROID_SOURCE/rootfs<br />
$ sudo chown -R root.root .<br />
$ sudo chmod -R a+rwX data system<br />
</pre><br />
===Change init.rc===<br />
Open $ANDROID_SOURCE/system/core/rootdir and comment the 'mount yaffs2' lines like this:<br />
<pre class="config"><br />
...<br />
# mount mtd partitions<br />
# Mount /system rw first to give the filesystem a chance to save a checkpoint<br />
# mount yaffs2 mtd@system /system <br />
# mount yaffs2 mtd@system /system ro remount<br />
<br />
# We chown/chmod /data again so because mount is run as root + defaults<br />
# mount yaffs2 mtd@userdata /data nosuid nodev<br />
chown system system /data<br />
chmod 0771 /data<br />
<br />
# Same reason as /data above<br />
# mount yaffs2 mtd@cache /cache nosuid nodev<br />
chown system cache /cache<br />
chmod 0770 /cache<br />
<br />
# This may have been created by the recovery system with odd permissions<br />
chown system system /cache/recovery<br />
chmod 0770 /cache/recovery<br />
...<br />
</pre><br />
===Formatting an MMC/SD card===<br />
We will create two partitions on our mmc/µSD card, The first one will use for Android memory card, the second one will use for Android file system.<br />
First connect your card reader to your workstation, with the mmc/µSD card inside. Type the '''dmesg''' command to see which device is used by your workstation. Let’s assume that this device is '''/dev/sdb'''<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ dmesg<br />
...<br />
[ 9145.613954] sdb: sdb1 sdb2<br />
[ 9145.615125] sd 10:0:0:0: [sdc] Attached SCSI removable disk<br />
[ 9145.615258] sd 10:0:0:0: Attached scsi generic sg3 type 0<br />
</pre><br />
Type the mount command to check your currently mounted partitions. If MMC/SD partitions are mounted, unmount them.<br><br />
In a terminal edit partitions with fdisk:<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
sudo fdisk /dev/sdb<br />
</pre><br />
Delete any existing partition with the d command.<br><br />
Now, create the boot partition:<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
Command (m for help): n<br />
Command action<br />
e extended<br />
p primary partition (1-4)<br />
p<br />
Partition number (1-4): 1<br />
First cylinder (1-495, default 1): 1<br />
Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (1-239, default 239): +1G<br />
</pre><br />
Change its type to FAT32:<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
Command (m for help): t<br />
Selected partition 1<br />
Hex code (type L to list codes): c<br />
Changed system type of partition 1 to c (W95 FAT32 (LBA))<br />
</pre><br />
Using the n command again, create a second partition filling up the rest of your card (just accept default values).<br><br />
Now, format the partitions in your card:<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
sudo mkfs.vfat -n MemoryCard -F 32 /dev/sdb1<br />
sudo mkfs.ext2 -L AndroidFS /dev/sdb2<br />
</pre><br />
Remove and insert your card again. Your new partitions should be mounted automatically.<br><br />
===Copying data to the MMC/SD card===<br />
Now copy the Android root filesystem to the second partition.<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
sudo rsync -a $ANDROID_SOURCE/rootfs/ /media/AndroidFS/<br />
</pre><br />
Finish by unmounting your mmc/µSD partitions:<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
sudo umount /media/MemoryCard<br />
sudo umount /media/AndroidFS<br />
</pre><br />
==Boot setup==<br />
The last thing left to do is to specify how the board boots Linux.<br><br />
In the U-boot prompt, make the mmc boot is on second partition of the mmc/µSD card<br />
<pre class="apf"> <br />
# setenv mmcroot '/dev/mmcblk0p2 rw'<br />
</pre><br />
Now set the kernel command line arguments<br />
<pre class="apf"> <br />
# setenv addmmcargs 'setenv bootargs ${bootargs} root=${mmcroot} rootfstype=${mmcrootfstype} init=\init androidboot.console=ttyS0'<br />
# saveenv<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
==Debug==<br />
Trace with '''strace'''<br />
<pre class="apf"> <br />
# mount /dev/mmcblk0p2 /mnt/mmc<br />
# strace chroot /mnt/mmc /init androidboot.console=ttyS0<br />
</pre><br />
Trave with ''''logcat'''<br />
<pre class="apf"> <br />
# mount /dev/mmcblk0p2 /mnt/mmc<br />
# chroot /mnt/mmc /init androidboot.console=ttyS0 &<br />
# /system/bin/logcat<br />
</pre><br />
===Test with Android emulator===<br />
[http://developer.android.com/guide/developing/tools/emulator.html emulator]<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ make ARCH=arm goldfish_defconfig<br />
$ make ARCH=arm CROSS_COMPILE=../prebuilt/linux-x86/toolchain/arm-eabi-4.2.1/bin/arm-eabi<br />
# créer des AVD (Android Virtual Device)<br />
$ ~/dev/android-sdk-linux_x86-1.5_r3/tools/android create avd -n APF27-H -t 2 -s 272x480<br />
$ ~/dev/android-sdk-linux_x86-1.5_r3/tools/android create avd -n APF27-L -t 2 -s 480x272<br />
$ $ANDROID/out/host/linux-x86/bin/emulator -avd APF27-H -sysdir $ANDROID/out/target/product/generic/ -kernel $ANDROID/kernel/arch/arm/boot/zImage -data $ANDROID/out/target/product/generic/userdata.img -ramdisk $ANDROID/out/target/product/generic/ramdisk.img -system $ANDROID/out/target/product/generic/system.img<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
==Android Root File system==<br />
Android emulator has 3 basic images on tools/lib/images directory.<br />
* '''ramdisk.img''' is gziped cpio archive. ramdisk.img is a small partition image that is mounted read-only by the kernel at boot time. It only contains /init and a few config files. It is used to start init which will mount the rest of the system images properly and run the init procedure. A Ramdisk is a standard Linux feature. It is made just for the Android and do special things to start up the Android system.<br />
* '''system.img''' is a partition image that will be mounted as / and thus contains all system binaries.<br />
* '''userdata.img''' is a partition image that can be mounted as /data and thus contains all application-specific and user-specific data.<br />
'''/system''' directory has libraries and default system packages (*.apk). /data directory has timezone, cache, and ''ApiDemos.apk'' package.<br><br />
The main services are zygote('''/system/bin/app_process'''), runtime('''/system/bin/runtime'''), and dbus('''/system/bin/dbus-daemon'''). You can see the '''/etc/init.rc''' file on the Android ramdisk image.<br />
<pre class="apf"> <br />
...<br />
zygote {<br />
exec /system/bin/app_process<br />
args {<br />
0 -Xzygote<br />
1 /system/bin<br />
2 --zygote<br />
}<br />
autostart 1<br />
}<br />
runtime {<br />
exec /system/bin/runtime<br />
autostart 1<br />
}<br />
...<br />
dbus {<br />
exec /system/bin/dbus-daemon<br />
args.0 --system<br />
args.1 --nofork<br />
autostart 1<br />
}<br />
...<br />
</pre></div>NicolasDhttp://armadeus.org/wiki/index.php?title=User:NicolasD&diff=7151User:NicolasD2009-07-31T07:38:23Z<p>NicolasD: /* Debug */</p>
<hr />
<div>Désolé de pourrir les 'recent changes' :)<br />
==Truc utile==<br />
===GRUB sur clé USB===<br />
Voici une petite astuce pour :<br />
* ne plus perdre GRUB lors de la réinstallation de Windows<br />
* ne plus avoir accès à Windows après l'installation de Linux<br />
* rendre inaccessible la partition Linux sur votre machine<br />
L'astuce est d'installer ''que'' GRUB sur une clé USB. '''Attention, l'ordre des actions est important'''<br />
* Formater la cle USB en fat32 (gparted)<br />
* Récupérer la liste des disques monter ainsi que leur ID <br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ sudo blkid<br />
/dev/sda1: UUID="CC5C86435C862872" TYPE="ntfs" <br />
/dev/sda5: UUID="aad30bf1-d620-4244-9fb5-42f4a38075fb" TYPE="ext3" <br />
/dev/sda6: TYPE="swap" UUID="e3163bab-1fcc-4bcd-844d-7dcabc35015c" <br />
/dev/sdb1: UUID="4C9D-547F" TYPE="vfat" <br />
</pre><br />
* installer Grub sur la clé USB<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ grub-install --no-floppy --root-directory=/media/disk /dev/sdb1 (remplacer sdb1 par la valeur récupérée avec la commande précédente)<br />
</pre><br />
* demonter le disque USB<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ sudo umount /media/disk<br />
</pre><br />
* Installer le MBR<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ sudo install-mbr /dev/sdb1<br />
</pre><br />
* Mettre le flag boot sur la clé USB (gparted)<br />
===make gconfig===<br />
Installer les bibliothèques pour lancer make gconfig<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
sudo apt-get install libgtk2.0-dev libglib2.0-dev libglade2-dev<br />
</pre><br />
==Banc à sable==<br />
<br />
Ce qui suit n'est qu'un brouillon avec les fautes de frappes et d'orthographes comme il se doit.<br />
<br />
<br />
==Prerequisites for Linux installation==<br />
===Install needed software packages===<br />
* Install these package for build the kernel image and for format the mmc/µSD card<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ sudo apt-get install uboot-mkimage mtd-utils<br />
</pre><br />
* [[Toolchain]]<br />
<br />
===Update the environment variables===<br />
Theses environment variables install the Android and Armadeus folder in our home directory, but of course, it can be placed anywhere!<br />
<pre class="config"><br />
export ANDROID_SOURCE=~/apf27droid<br />
export ANDROID_SDK=~/android-sdk-linux_x86-1.5_r3<br />
export ARMADEUS=~/armadeus-3.1<br />
export PATH=${PATH}:${ANDROID_SDK}/tools:${ANDROID_SOURCE}/bin<br />
</pre><br />
==Construction of Android environment==<br />
===Download Android source===<br />
The [http://source.android.com/download getting Android source] document describes how to set up our local work environment. <br />
Follow theses instructions until '''Installing Repo''' chapter.<br><br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ mkdir ANDROID_SOURCE<br />
$ cd $ANDROID_SOURCE<br />
$ mkdir bin<br />
$ curl http://android.git.kernel.org/repo >$ANDROID_SOURCE/bin/repo<br />
$ chmod a+x $ANDROID_SOURCE/bin/repo<br />
$ repo init -u git://android.git.kernel.org/platform/manifest.git -b android-sdk-1.5_r3<br />
$ repo sync<br />
</pre><br />
Since android-sdk-1.5_r3 branch, the Linux kernel isn't with the Android source, <br />
We can download it in a compress archive (tar.gz) file with this [http://android.git.kernel.org/?p=kernel/common.git;a=snapshot;h=refs/heads/android-2.6.29;sf=tgz android-kernel-2.6.29] (about (70Mib) or with git repository (more 300Mib)<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ mkdir $ANDROID_SOURCE/kernel<br />
$ cd $ANDROID_SOURCE/kernel<br />
$ git clone git://android.git.kernel.org/kernel/common.git android-2.6.29<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
===Apply the Armadeus patchset===<br />
Before compiling the kernel, we patch the source with the Armadeus patches. In second time, I will give the URL to retrieve Linux 2.6.29.4 patch.<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ $ARMADEUS/buildroot/toolchain/patch-kernel.sh $ANDROID_SOURCE/kernel $ARMADEUS/downloads patch-2.6.29.4.bz2<br />
$ $ARMADEUS/buildroot/toolchain/patch-kernel.sh $ANDROID_SOURCE/kernel $ARMADEUS/buildroot/toolchain/kernel-headers linux-2.6.29.4-\*.patch{,.gz,.bz2}<br />
$ $ARMADEUS/buildroot/toolchain/patch-kernel.sh $ANDROID_SOURCE/kernel $ARMADEUS/buildroot/target/device/armadeus/linux/kernel-patches/2.6.29.4 \*.patch{,.gz,.bz2}<br />
$ mkdir $ANDROID_SOURCE/kernel/drivers/armadeus<br />
$ cp -r $ARMADEUS/target/linux/modules/* $ANDROID_SOURCE/kernel/drivers/armadeus<br />
$ cp $ARMADEUS/target/device/armadeus/apf27/apf27-linux-2.6.29.config $ANDROID_SOURCE/kernel/arch/arm/configs/apf27_android_defconfig<br />
</pre><br />
===Battery patch===<br />
At the beginning, reboot happened over again even though Android logo appeared on board.<br />
Result of investigation, we found that battery power was returned with 0 when boot.. <br />
To complete!!!<br />
===Android kernel configuration (2.6.29)===<br />
Make sure your kernel boots normally on your board. Then enable some Android specific configuration and make sure that your kernel still boots (with your standard file system).<br />
* EABI<br />
<pre class="config"><br />
CONFIG_AEABI=y<br />
# CONFIG_OABI_COMPAT is not set<br />
</pre><br />
* THUMB<br />
<pre class="config"><br />
CONFIG_ARM_THUMB=y<br />
</pre><br />
* Android drivers<br />
<pre class="config"><br />
<br />
# Android<br />
#<br />
CONFIG_ANDROID=y<br />
CONFIG_ANDROID_BINDER_IPC=y<br />
CONFIG_ANDROID_LOGGER=y<br />
# CONFIG_ANDROID_RAM_CONSOLE is not set<br />
CONFIG_ANDROID_TIMED_OUTPUT=y<br />
CONFIG_ANDROID_LOW_MEMORY_KILLER=y<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
===compile Android kernel===<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ cd $ANDROID_SOURCE/kernel<br />
$ make ARCH=arm mrproper<br />
$ make ARCH=arm apf27_android_defconfig<br />
$ make ARCH=arm CROSS_COMPILE=../prebuilt/linux-x86/toolchain/arm-eabi-4.2.1/bin/arm-eabi- uImage<br />
$ cp ./arch/arm/boot/uImage $TFTPBOOT/apf27-linux.bin<br />
</pre><br />
==Making SD card for boot==<br />
===Copying the Android root filesystem===<br />
Android’s root file system is generated in $ANDROID_SOURCE/out/target/product/generic<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ cd $ANDROID_SOURCE/out/target/product/generic<br />
$ mkdir $ANDROID_SOURCE/rootfs (or '$ sudo rm -rf $ANDROID_SOURCE/rootfs/*' if the folder already exist )<br />
$ cp -a root/* $ANDROID_SOURCE/rootfs/<br />
$ cp -a system/* $ANDROID_SOURCE/rootfs/system/<br />
$ cd $ANDROID_SOURCE/rootfs<br />
$ sudo chown -R root.root .<br />
$ sudo chmod -R a+rwX data system<br />
</pre><br />
===Change init.rc===<br />
Open $ANDROID_SOURCE/system/core/rootdir and comment the 'mount yaffs2' lines like this:<br />
<pre class="config"><br />
...<br />
# mount mtd partitions<br />
# Mount /system rw first to give the filesystem a chance to save a checkpoint<br />
# mount yaffs2 mtd@system /system <br />
# mount yaffs2 mtd@system /system ro remount<br />
<br />
# We chown/chmod /data again so because mount is run as root + defaults<br />
# mount yaffs2 mtd@userdata /data nosuid nodev<br />
chown system system /data<br />
chmod 0771 /data<br />
<br />
# Same reason as /data above<br />
# mount yaffs2 mtd@cache /cache nosuid nodev<br />
chown system cache /cache<br />
chmod 0770 /cache<br />
<br />
# This may have been created by the recovery system with odd permissions<br />
chown system system /cache/recovery<br />
chmod 0770 /cache/recovery<br />
...<br />
</pre><br />
===Formatting an MMC/SD card===<br />
We will create two partitions on our mmc/µSD card, The first one will use for Android memory card, the second one will use for Android file system.<br />
First connect your card reader to your workstation, with the mmc/µSD card inside. Type the '''dmesg''' command to see which device is used by your workstation. Let’s assume that this device is '''/dev/sdb'''<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ dmesg<br />
...<br />
[ 9145.613954] sdb: sdb1 sdb2<br />
[ 9145.615125] sd 10:0:0:0: [sdc] Attached SCSI removable disk<br />
[ 9145.615258] sd 10:0:0:0: Attached scsi generic sg3 type 0<br />
</pre><br />
Type the mount command to check your currently mounted partitions. If MMC/SD partitions are mounted, unmount them.<br><br />
In a terminal edit partitions with fdisk:<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
sudo fdisk /dev/sdb<br />
</pre><br />
Delete any existing partition with the d command.<br><br />
Now, create the boot partition:<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
Command (m for help): n<br />
Command action<br />
e extended<br />
p primary partition (1-4)<br />
p<br />
Partition number (1-4): 1<br />
First cylinder (1-495, default 1): 1<br />
Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (1-239, default 239): +1G<br />
</pre><br />
Change its type to FAT32:<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
Command (m for help): t<br />
Selected partition 1<br />
Hex code (type L to list codes): c<br />
Changed system type of partition 1 to c (W95 FAT32 (LBA))<br />
</pre><br />
Using the n command again, create a second partition filling up the rest of your card (just accept default values).<br><br />
Now, format the partitions in your card:<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
sudo mkfs.vfat -n MemoryCard -F 32 /dev/sdb1<br />
sudo mkfs.ext2 -L AndroidFS /dev/sdb2<br />
</pre><br />
Remove and insert your card again. Your new partitions should be mounted automatically.<br><br />
===Copying data to the MMC/SD card===<br />
Now copy the Android root filesystem to the second partition.<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
sudo rsync -a $ANDROID_SOURCE/rootfs/ /media/AndroidFS/<br />
</pre><br />
Finish by unmounting your mmc/µSD partitions:<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
sudo umount /media/MemoryCard<br />
sudo umount /media/AndroidFS<br />
</pre><br />
==Boot setup==<br />
The last thing left to do is to specify how the board boots Linux.<br><br />
In the U-boot prompt, make the mmc boot is on second partition of the mmc/µSD card<br />
<pre class="apf"> <br />
# setenv mmcroot '/dev/mmcblk0p2 rw'<br />
</pre><br />
Now set the kernel command line arguments<br />
<pre class="apf"> <br />
# setenv addmmcargs 'setenv bootargs ${bootargs} root=${mmcroot} rootfstype=${mmcrootfstype} init=\init androidboot.console=ttyS0'<br />
# saveenv<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
==Debug==<br />
Trace with '''strace'''<br />
<pre class="apf"> <br />
# mount /dev/mmcblk0p2 /mnt/mmc<br />
# strace chroot /mnt/mmc /init androidboot.console=ttyS0<br />
</pre><br />
Trave with ''''logcat'''<br />
<pre class="apf"> <br />
# mount /dev/mmcblk0p2 /mnt/mmc<br />
# chroot /mnt/mmc /init androidboot.console=ttyS0 &<br />
# /system/bin/logcat<br />
</pre><br />
===Test with Android emulator===<br />
[http://developer.android.com/guide/developing/tools/emulator.html emulator]<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ make ARCH=arm goldfish_defconfig<br />
$ make ARCH=arm CROSS_COMPILE=../prebuilt/linux-x86/toolchain/arm-eabi-4.2.1/bin/arm-eabi<br />
# créer des AVD (Android Virtual Device)<br />
$ ~/dev/android-sdk-linux_x86-1.5_r3/tools/android create avd -n APF27-H -t 2 -s 272x480<br />
$ ~/dev/android-sdk-linux_x86-1.5_r3/tools/android create avd -n APF27-L -t 2 -s 480x272<br />
$ $ANDROID/out/host/linux-x86/bin/emulator -avd APF27-H -sysdir $ANDROID/out/target/product/generic/ -kernel $ANDROID/kernel/arch/arm/boot/zImage -data $ANDROID/out/target/product/generic/userdata.img -ramdisk $ANDROID/out/target/product/generic/ramdisk.img -system $ANDROID/out/target/product/generic/system.img<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
==Android Root File system==<br />
Android emulator has 3 basic images on tools/lib/images directory.<br />
* '''ramdisk.img''' is gziped cpio archive. ramdisk.img is a small partition image that is mounted read-only by the kernel at boot time. It only contains /init and a few config files. It is used to start init which will mount the rest of the system images properly and run the init procedure. A Ramdisk is a standard Linux feature. It is made just for the Android and do special things to start up the Android system.<br />
* '''system.img''' is a partition image that will be mounted as / and thus contains all system binaries.<br />
* '''userdata.img''' is a partition image that can be mounted as /data and thus contains all application-specific and user-specific data.<br />
'''/system''' directory has libraries and default system packages (*.apk). /data directory has timezone, cache, and ''ApiDemos.apk'' package.<br><br />
The main services are zygote('''/system/bin/app_process'''), runtime('''/system/bin/runtime'''), and dbus('''/system/bin/dbus-daemon'''). You can see the '''/etc/init.rc''' file on the Android ramdisk image.<br />
<pre class="apf"> <br />
...<br />
zygote {<br />
exec /system/bin/app_process<br />
args {<br />
0 -Xzygote<br />
1 /system/bin<br />
2 --zygote<br />
}<br />
autostart 1<br />
}<br />
runtime {<br />
exec /system/bin/runtime<br />
autostart 1<br />
}<br />
...<br />
dbus {<br />
exec /system/bin/dbus-daemon<br />
args.0 --system<br />
args.1 --nofork<br />
autostart 1<br />
}<br />
...<br />
</pre></div>NicolasDhttp://armadeus.org/wiki/index.php?title=User:NicolasD&diff=7150User:NicolasD2009-07-31T07:36:57Z<p>NicolasD: /* Boot setup */</p>
<hr />
<div>Désolé de pourrir les 'recent changes' :)<br />
==Truc utile==<br />
===GRUB sur clé USB===<br />
Voici une petite astuce pour :<br />
* ne plus perdre GRUB lors de la réinstallation de Windows<br />
* ne plus avoir accès à Windows après l'installation de Linux<br />
* rendre inaccessible la partition Linux sur votre machine<br />
L'astuce est d'installer ''que'' GRUB sur une clé USB. '''Attention, l'ordre des actions est important'''<br />
* Formater la cle USB en fat32 (gparted)<br />
* Récupérer la liste des disques monter ainsi que leur ID <br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ sudo blkid<br />
/dev/sda1: UUID="CC5C86435C862872" TYPE="ntfs" <br />
/dev/sda5: UUID="aad30bf1-d620-4244-9fb5-42f4a38075fb" TYPE="ext3" <br />
/dev/sda6: TYPE="swap" UUID="e3163bab-1fcc-4bcd-844d-7dcabc35015c" <br />
/dev/sdb1: UUID="4C9D-547F" TYPE="vfat" <br />
</pre><br />
* installer Grub sur la clé USB<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ grub-install --no-floppy --root-directory=/media/disk /dev/sdb1 (remplacer sdb1 par la valeur récupérée avec la commande précédente)<br />
</pre><br />
* demonter le disque USB<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ sudo umount /media/disk<br />
</pre><br />
* Installer le MBR<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ sudo install-mbr /dev/sdb1<br />
</pre><br />
* Mettre le flag boot sur la clé USB (gparted)<br />
===make gconfig===<br />
Installer les bibliothèques pour lancer make gconfig<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
sudo apt-get install libgtk2.0-dev libglib2.0-dev libglade2-dev<br />
</pre><br />
==Banc à sable==<br />
<br />
Ce qui suit n'est qu'un brouillon avec les fautes de frappes et d'orthographes comme il se doit.<br />
<br />
<br />
==Prerequisites for Linux installation==<br />
===Install needed software packages===<br />
* Install these package for build the kernel image and for format the mmc/µSD card<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ sudo apt-get install uboot-mkimage mtd-utils<br />
</pre><br />
* [[Toolchain]]<br />
<br />
===Update the environment variables===<br />
Theses environment variables install the Android and Armadeus folder in our home directory, but of course, it can be placed anywhere!<br />
<pre class="config"><br />
export ANDROID_SOURCE=~/apf27droid<br />
export ANDROID_SDK=~/android-sdk-linux_x86-1.5_r3<br />
export ARMADEUS=~/armadeus-3.1<br />
export PATH=${PATH}:${ANDROID_SDK}/tools:${ANDROID_SOURCE}/bin<br />
</pre><br />
==Construction of Android environment==<br />
===Download Android source===<br />
The [http://source.android.com/download getting Android source] document describes how to set up our local work environment. <br />
Follow theses instructions until '''Installing Repo''' chapter.<br><br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ mkdir ANDROID_SOURCE<br />
$ cd $ANDROID_SOURCE<br />
$ mkdir bin<br />
$ curl http://android.git.kernel.org/repo >$ANDROID_SOURCE/bin/repo<br />
$ chmod a+x $ANDROID_SOURCE/bin/repo<br />
$ repo init -u git://android.git.kernel.org/platform/manifest.git -b android-sdk-1.5_r3<br />
$ repo sync<br />
</pre><br />
Since android-sdk-1.5_r3 branch, the Linux kernel isn't with the Android source, <br />
We can download it in a compress archive (tar.gz) file with this [http://android.git.kernel.org/?p=kernel/common.git;a=snapshot;h=refs/heads/android-2.6.29;sf=tgz android-kernel-2.6.29] (about (70Mib) or with git repository (more 300Mib)<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ mkdir $ANDROID_SOURCE/kernel<br />
$ cd $ANDROID_SOURCE/kernel<br />
$ git clone git://android.git.kernel.org/kernel/common.git android-2.6.29<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
===Apply the Armadeus patchset===<br />
Before compiling the kernel, we patch the source with the Armadeus patches. In second time, I will give the URL to retrieve Linux 2.6.29.4 patch.<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ $ARMADEUS/buildroot/toolchain/patch-kernel.sh $ANDROID_SOURCE/kernel $ARMADEUS/downloads patch-2.6.29.4.bz2<br />
$ $ARMADEUS/buildroot/toolchain/patch-kernel.sh $ANDROID_SOURCE/kernel $ARMADEUS/buildroot/toolchain/kernel-headers linux-2.6.29.4-\*.patch{,.gz,.bz2}<br />
$ $ARMADEUS/buildroot/toolchain/patch-kernel.sh $ANDROID_SOURCE/kernel $ARMADEUS/buildroot/target/device/armadeus/linux/kernel-patches/2.6.29.4 \*.patch{,.gz,.bz2}<br />
$ mkdir $ANDROID_SOURCE/kernel/drivers/armadeus<br />
$ cp -r $ARMADEUS/target/linux/modules/* $ANDROID_SOURCE/kernel/drivers/armadeus<br />
$ cp $ARMADEUS/target/device/armadeus/apf27/apf27-linux-2.6.29.config $ANDROID_SOURCE/kernel/arch/arm/configs/apf27_android_defconfig<br />
</pre><br />
===Battery patch===<br />
At the beginning, reboot happened over again even though Android logo appeared on board.<br />
Result of investigation, we found that battery power was returned with 0 when boot.. <br />
To complete!!!<br />
===Android kernel configuration (2.6.29)===<br />
Make sure your kernel boots normally on your board. Then enable some Android specific configuration and make sure that your kernel still boots (with your standard file system).<br />
* EABI<br />
<pre class="config"><br />
CONFIG_AEABI=y<br />
# CONFIG_OABI_COMPAT is not set<br />
</pre><br />
* THUMB<br />
<pre class="config"><br />
CONFIG_ARM_THUMB=y<br />
</pre><br />
* Android drivers<br />
<pre class="config"><br />
<br />
# Android<br />
#<br />
CONFIG_ANDROID=y<br />
CONFIG_ANDROID_BINDER_IPC=y<br />
CONFIG_ANDROID_LOGGER=y<br />
# CONFIG_ANDROID_RAM_CONSOLE is not set<br />
CONFIG_ANDROID_TIMED_OUTPUT=y<br />
CONFIG_ANDROID_LOW_MEMORY_KILLER=y<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
===compile Android kernel===<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ cd $ANDROID_SOURCE/kernel<br />
$ make ARCH=arm mrproper<br />
$ make ARCH=arm apf27_android_defconfig<br />
$ make ARCH=arm CROSS_COMPILE=../prebuilt/linux-x86/toolchain/arm-eabi-4.2.1/bin/arm-eabi- uImage<br />
$ cp ./arch/arm/boot/uImage $TFTPBOOT/apf27-linux.bin<br />
</pre><br />
==Making SD card for boot==<br />
===Copying the Android root filesystem===<br />
Android’s root file system is generated in $ANDROID_SOURCE/out/target/product/generic<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ cd $ANDROID_SOURCE/out/target/product/generic<br />
$ mkdir $ANDROID_SOURCE/rootfs (or '$ sudo rm -rf $ANDROID_SOURCE/rootfs/*' if the folder already exist )<br />
$ cp -a root/* $ANDROID_SOURCE/rootfs/<br />
$ cp -a system/* $ANDROID_SOURCE/rootfs/system/<br />
$ cd $ANDROID_SOURCE/rootfs<br />
$ sudo chown -R root.root .<br />
$ sudo chmod -R a+rwX data system<br />
</pre><br />
===Change init.rc===<br />
Open $ANDROID_SOURCE/system/core/rootdir and comment the 'mount yaffs2' lines like this:<br />
<pre class="config"><br />
...<br />
# mount mtd partitions<br />
# Mount /system rw first to give the filesystem a chance to save a checkpoint<br />
# mount yaffs2 mtd@system /system <br />
# mount yaffs2 mtd@system /system ro remount<br />
<br />
# We chown/chmod /data again so because mount is run as root + defaults<br />
# mount yaffs2 mtd@userdata /data nosuid nodev<br />
chown system system /data<br />
chmod 0771 /data<br />
<br />
# Same reason as /data above<br />
# mount yaffs2 mtd@cache /cache nosuid nodev<br />
chown system cache /cache<br />
chmod 0770 /cache<br />
<br />
# This may have been created by the recovery system with odd permissions<br />
chown system system /cache/recovery<br />
chmod 0770 /cache/recovery<br />
...<br />
</pre><br />
===Formatting an MMC/SD card===<br />
We will create two partitions on our mmc/µSD card, The first one will use for Android memory card, the second one will use for Android file system.<br />
First connect your card reader to your workstation, with the mmc/µSD card inside. Type the '''dmesg''' command to see which device is used by your workstation. Let’s assume that this device is '''/dev/sdb'''<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ dmesg<br />
...<br />
[ 9145.613954] sdb: sdb1 sdb2<br />
[ 9145.615125] sd 10:0:0:0: [sdc] Attached SCSI removable disk<br />
[ 9145.615258] sd 10:0:0:0: Attached scsi generic sg3 type 0<br />
</pre><br />
Type the mount command to check your currently mounted partitions. If MMC/SD partitions are mounted, unmount them.<br><br />
In a terminal edit partitions with fdisk:<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
sudo fdisk /dev/sdb<br />
</pre><br />
Delete any existing partition with the d command.<br><br />
Now, create the boot partition:<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
Command (m for help): n<br />
Command action<br />
e extended<br />
p primary partition (1-4)<br />
p<br />
Partition number (1-4): 1<br />
First cylinder (1-495, default 1): 1<br />
Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (1-239, default 239): +1G<br />
</pre><br />
Change its type to FAT32:<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
Command (m for help): t<br />
Selected partition 1<br />
Hex code (type L to list codes): c<br />
Changed system type of partition 1 to c (W95 FAT32 (LBA))<br />
</pre><br />
Using the n command again, create a second partition filling up the rest of your card (just accept default values).<br><br />
Now, format the partitions in your card:<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
sudo mkfs.vfat -n MemoryCard -F 32 /dev/sdb1<br />
sudo mkfs.ext2 -L AndroidFS /dev/sdb2<br />
</pre><br />
Remove and insert your card again. Your new partitions should be mounted automatically.<br><br />
===Copying data to the MMC/SD card===<br />
Now copy the Android root filesystem to the second partition.<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
sudo rsync -a $ANDROID_SOURCE/rootfs/ /media/AndroidFS/<br />
</pre><br />
Finish by unmounting your mmc/µSD partitions:<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
sudo umount /media/MemoryCard<br />
sudo umount /media/AndroidFS<br />
</pre><br />
==Boot setup==<br />
The last thing left to do is to specify how the board boots Linux.<br><br />
In the U-boot prompt, make the mmc boot is on second partition of the mmc/µSD card<br />
<pre class="apf"> <br />
# setenv mmcroot '/dev/mmcblk0p2 rw'<br />
</pre><br />
Now set the kernel command line arguments<br />
<pre class="apf"> <br />
# setenv addmmcargs 'setenv bootargs ${bootargs} root=${mmcroot} rootfstype=${mmcrootfstype} init=\init androidboot.console=ttyS0'<br />
# saveenv<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
==Debug==<br />
<pre class="apf"> <br />
# mount /dev/mmcblk0p2 /mnt/mmc<br />
# strace -f -ff -tt -s 200 chroot /mnt/mmc /init androidboot.console=ttyS0<br />
# strace chroot /mnt/mmc /init androidboot.console=ttyS0<br />
</pre><br />
===Test with Android emulator===<br />
[http://developer.android.com/guide/developing/tools/emulator.html emulator]<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ make ARCH=arm goldfish_defconfig<br />
$ make ARCH=arm CROSS_COMPILE=../prebuilt/linux-x86/toolchain/arm-eabi-4.2.1/bin/arm-eabi<br />
# créer des AVD (Android Virtual Device)<br />
$ ~/dev/android-sdk-linux_x86-1.5_r3/tools/android create avd -n APF27-H -t 2 -s 272x480<br />
$ ~/dev/android-sdk-linux_x86-1.5_r3/tools/android create avd -n APF27-L -t 2 -s 480x272<br />
$ $ANDROID/out/host/linux-x86/bin/emulator -avd APF27-H -sysdir $ANDROID/out/target/product/generic/ -kernel $ANDROID/kernel/arch/arm/boot/zImage -data $ANDROID/out/target/product/generic/userdata.img -ramdisk $ANDROID/out/target/product/generic/ramdisk.img -system $ANDROID/out/target/product/generic/system.img<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
==Android Root File system==<br />
Android emulator has 3 basic images on tools/lib/images directory.<br />
* '''ramdisk.img''' is gziped cpio archive. ramdisk.img is a small partition image that is mounted read-only by the kernel at boot time. It only contains /init and a few config files. It is used to start init which will mount the rest of the system images properly and run the init procedure. A Ramdisk is a standard Linux feature. It is made just for the Android and do special things to start up the Android system.<br />
* '''system.img''' is a partition image that will be mounted as / and thus contains all system binaries.<br />
* '''userdata.img''' is a partition image that can be mounted as /data and thus contains all application-specific and user-specific data.<br />
'''/system''' directory has libraries and default system packages (*.apk). /data directory has timezone, cache, and ''ApiDemos.apk'' package.<br><br />
The main services are zygote('''/system/bin/app_process'''), runtime('''/system/bin/runtime'''), and dbus('''/system/bin/dbus-daemon'''). You can see the '''/etc/init.rc''' file on the Android ramdisk image.<br />
<pre class="apf"> <br />
...<br />
zygote {<br />
exec /system/bin/app_process<br />
args {<br />
0 -Xzygote<br />
1 /system/bin<br />
2 --zygote<br />
}<br />
autostart 1<br />
}<br />
runtime {<br />
exec /system/bin/runtime<br />
autostart 1<br />
}<br />
...<br />
dbus {<br />
exec /system/bin/dbus-daemon<br />
args.0 --system<br />
args.1 --nofork<br />
autostart 1<br />
}<br />
...<br />
</pre></div>NicolasDhttp://armadeus.org/wiki/index.php?title=User:NicolasD&diff=7149User:NicolasD2009-07-30T13:15:43Z<p>NicolasD: /* Android kernel configuration */</p>
<hr />
<div>Désolé de pourrir les 'recent changes' :)<br />
==Truc utile==<br />
===GRUB sur clé USB===<br />
Voici une petite astuce pour :<br />
* ne plus perdre GRUB lors de la réinstallation de Windows<br />
* ne plus avoir accès à Windows après l'installation de Linux<br />
* rendre inaccessible la partition Linux sur votre machine<br />
L'astuce est d'installer ''que'' GRUB sur une clé USB. '''Attention, l'ordre des actions est important'''<br />
* Formater la cle USB en fat32 (gparted)<br />
* Récupérer la liste des disques monter ainsi que leur ID <br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ sudo blkid<br />
/dev/sda1: UUID="CC5C86435C862872" TYPE="ntfs" <br />
/dev/sda5: UUID="aad30bf1-d620-4244-9fb5-42f4a38075fb" TYPE="ext3" <br />
/dev/sda6: TYPE="swap" UUID="e3163bab-1fcc-4bcd-844d-7dcabc35015c" <br />
/dev/sdb1: UUID="4C9D-547F" TYPE="vfat" <br />
</pre><br />
* installer Grub sur la clé USB<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ grub-install --no-floppy --root-directory=/media/disk /dev/sdb1 (remplacer sdb1 par la valeur récupérée avec la commande précédente)<br />
</pre><br />
* demonter le disque USB<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ sudo umount /media/disk<br />
</pre><br />
* Installer le MBR<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ sudo install-mbr /dev/sdb1<br />
</pre><br />
* Mettre le flag boot sur la clé USB (gparted)<br />
===make gconfig===<br />
Installer les bibliothèques pour lancer make gconfig<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
sudo apt-get install libgtk2.0-dev libglib2.0-dev libglade2-dev<br />
</pre><br />
==Banc à sable==<br />
<br />
Ce qui suit n'est qu'un brouillon avec les fautes de frappes et d'orthographes comme il se doit.<br />
<br />
<br />
==Prerequisites for Linux installation==<br />
===Install needed software packages===<br />
* Install these package for build the kernel image and for format the mmc/µSD card<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ sudo apt-get install uboot-mkimage mtd-utils<br />
</pre><br />
* [[Toolchain]]<br />
<br />
===Update the environment variables===<br />
Theses environment variables install the Android and Armadeus folder in our home directory, but of course, it can be placed anywhere!<br />
<pre class="config"><br />
export ANDROID_SOURCE=~/apf27droid<br />
export ANDROID_SDK=~/android-sdk-linux_x86-1.5_r3<br />
export ARMADEUS=~/armadeus-3.1<br />
export PATH=${PATH}:${ANDROID_SDK}/tools:${ANDROID_SOURCE}/bin<br />
</pre><br />
==Construction of Android environment==<br />
===Download Android source===<br />
The [http://source.android.com/download getting Android source] document describes how to set up our local work environment. <br />
Follow theses instructions until '''Installing Repo''' chapter.<br><br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ mkdir ANDROID_SOURCE<br />
$ cd $ANDROID_SOURCE<br />
$ mkdir bin<br />
$ curl http://android.git.kernel.org/repo >$ANDROID_SOURCE/bin/repo<br />
$ chmod a+x $ANDROID_SOURCE/bin/repo<br />
$ repo init -u git://android.git.kernel.org/platform/manifest.git -b android-sdk-1.5_r3<br />
$ repo sync<br />
</pre><br />
Since android-sdk-1.5_r3 branch, the Linux kernel isn't with the Android source, <br />
We can download it in a compress archive (tar.gz) file with this [http://android.git.kernel.org/?p=kernel/common.git;a=snapshot;h=refs/heads/android-2.6.29;sf=tgz android-kernel-2.6.29] (about (70Mib) or with git repository (more 300Mib)<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ mkdir $ANDROID_SOURCE/kernel<br />
$ cd $ANDROID_SOURCE/kernel<br />
$ git clone git://android.git.kernel.org/kernel/common.git android-2.6.29<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
===Apply the Armadeus patchset===<br />
Before compiling the kernel, we patch the source with the Armadeus patches. In second time, I will give the URL to retrieve Linux 2.6.29.4 patch.<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ $ARMADEUS/buildroot/toolchain/patch-kernel.sh $ANDROID_SOURCE/kernel $ARMADEUS/downloads patch-2.6.29.4.bz2<br />
$ $ARMADEUS/buildroot/toolchain/patch-kernel.sh $ANDROID_SOURCE/kernel $ARMADEUS/buildroot/toolchain/kernel-headers linux-2.6.29.4-\*.patch{,.gz,.bz2}<br />
$ $ARMADEUS/buildroot/toolchain/patch-kernel.sh $ANDROID_SOURCE/kernel $ARMADEUS/buildroot/target/device/armadeus/linux/kernel-patches/2.6.29.4 \*.patch{,.gz,.bz2}<br />
$ mkdir $ANDROID_SOURCE/kernel/drivers/armadeus<br />
$ cp -r $ARMADEUS/target/linux/modules/* $ANDROID_SOURCE/kernel/drivers/armadeus<br />
$ cp $ARMADEUS/target/device/armadeus/apf27/apf27-linux-2.6.29.config $ANDROID_SOURCE/kernel/arch/arm/configs/apf27_android_defconfig<br />
</pre><br />
===Battery patch===<br />
At the beginning, reboot happened over again even though Android logo appeared on board.<br />
Result of investigation, we found that battery power was returned with 0 when boot.. <br />
To complete!!!<br />
===Android kernel configuration (2.6.29)===<br />
Make sure your kernel boots normally on your board. Then enable some Android specific configuration and make sure that your kernel still boots (with your standard file system).<br />
* EABI<br />
<pre class="config"><br />
CONFIG_AEABI=y<br />
# CONFIG_OABI_COMPAT is not set<br />
</pre><br />
* THUMB<br />
<pre class="config"><br />
CONFIG_ARM_THUMB=y<br />
</pre><br />
* Android drivers<br />
<pre class="config"><br />
<br />
# Android<br />
#<br />
CONFIG_ANDROID=y<br />
CONFIG_ANDROID_BINDER_IPC=y<br />
CONFIG_ANDROID_LOGGER=y<br />
# CONFIG_ANDROID_RAM_CONSOLE is not set<br />
CONFIG_ANDROID_TIMED_OUTPUT=y<br />
CONFIG_ANDROID_LOW_MEMORY_KILLER=y<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
===compile Android kernel===<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ cd $ANDROID_SOURCE/kernel<br />
$ make ARCH=arm mrproper<br />
$ make ARCH=arm apf27_android_defconfig<br />
$ make ARCH=arm CROSS_COMPILE=../prebuilt/linux-x86/toolchain/arm-eabi-4.2.1/bin/arm-eabi- uImage<br />
$ cp ./arch/arm/boot/uImage $TFTPBOOT/apf27-linux.bin<br />
</pre><br />
==Making SD card for boot==<br />
===Copying the Android root filesystem===<br />
Android’s root file system is generated in $ANDROID_SOURCE/out/target/product/generic<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ cd $ANDROID_SOURCE/out/target/product/generic<br />
$ mkdir $ANDROID_SOURCE/rootfs (or '$ sudo rm -rf $ANDROID_SOURCE/rootfs/*' if the folder already exist )<br />
$ cp -a root/* $ANDROID_SOURCE/rootfs/<br />
$ cp -a system/* $ANDROID_SOURCE/rootfs/system/<br />
$ cd $ANDROID_SOURCE/rootfs<br />
$ sudo chown -R root.root .<br />
$ sudo chmod -R a+rwX data system<br />
</pre><br />
===Change init.rc===<br />
Open $ANDROID_SOURCE/system/core/rootdir and comment the 'mount yaffs2' lines like this:<br />
<pre class="config"><br />
...<br />
# mount mtd partitions<br />
# Mount /system rw first to give the filesystem a chance to save a checkpoint<br />
# mount yaffs2 mtd@system /system <br />
# mount yaffs2 mtd@system /system ro remount<br />
<br />
# We chown/chmod /data again so because mount is run as root + defaults<br />
# mount yaffs2 mtd@userdata /data nosuid nodev<br />
chown system system /data<br />
chmod 0771 /data<br />
<br />
# Same reason as /data above<br />
# mount yaffs2 mtd@cache /cache nosuid nodev<br />
chown system cache /cache<br />
chmod 0770 /cache<br />
<br />
# This may have been created by the recovery system with odd permissions<br />
chown system system /cache/recovery<br />
chmod 0770 /cache/recovery<br />
...<br />
</pre><br />
===Formatting an MMC/SD card===<br />
We will create two partitions on our mmc/µSD card, The first one will use for Android memory card, the second one will use for Android file system.<br />
First connect your card reader to your workstation, with the mmc/µSD card inside. Type the '''dmesg''' command to see which device is used by your workstation. Let’s assume that this device is '''/dev/sdb'''<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ dmesg<br />
...<br />
[ 9145.613954] sdb: sdb1 sdb2<br />
[ 9145.615125] sd 10:0:0:0: [sdc] Attached SCSI removable disk<br />
[ 9145.615258] sd 10:0:0:0: Attached scsi generic sg3 type 0<br />
</pre><br />
Type the mount command to check your currently mounted partitions. If MMC/SD partitions are mounted, unmount them.<br><br />
In a terminal edit partitions with fdisk:<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
sudo fdisk /dev/sdb<br />
</pre><br />
Delete any existing partition with the d command.<br><br />
Now, create the boot partition:<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
Command (m for help): n<br />
Command action<br />
e extended<br />
p primary partition (1-4)<br />
p<br />
Partition number (1-4): 1<br />
First cylinder (1-495, default 1): 1<br />
Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (1-239, default 239): +1G<br />
</pre><br />
Change its type to FAT32:<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
Command (m for help): t<br />
Selected partition 1<br />
Hex code (type L to list codes): c<br />
Changed system type of partition 1 to c (W95 FAT32 (LBA))<br />
</pre><br />
Using the n command again, create a second partition filling up the rest of your card (just accept default values).<br><br />
Now, format the partitions in your card:<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
sudo mkfs.vfat -n MemoryCard -F 32 /dev/sdb1<br />
sudo mkfs.ext2 -L AndroidFS /dev/sdb2<br />
</pre><br />
Remove and insert your card again. Your new partitions should be mounted automatically.<br><br />
===Copying data to the MMC/SD card===<br />
Now copy the Android root filesystem to the second partition.<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
sudo rsync -a $ANDROID_SOURCE/rootfs/ /media/AndroidFS/<br />
</pre><br />
Finish by unmounting your mmc/µSD partitions:<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
sudo umount /media/MemoryCard<br />
sudo umount /media/AndroidFS<br />
</pre><br />
==Boot setup==<br />
The last thing left to do is to specify how the board boots Linux.<br><br />
In the U-boot prompt, make the mmc boot is on second partition of the mmc/µSD card<br />
<pre class="apf"> <br />
# setenv mmcroot '/dev/mmcblk0p2 rw'<br />
</pre><br />
Now set the kernel command line arguments<br />
<pre class="apf"> <br />
# setenv addmmcargs 'setenv bootargs ${bootargs} root=${mmcroot} rootfstype=${mmcrootfstype} init=\init androidboot.console=ttyS0'<br />
# saveenvmtd-utils<br />
</pre><br />
==Debug==<br />
<pre class="apf"> <br />
# mount /dev/mmcblk0p2 /mnt/mmc<br />
# strace -f -ff -tt -s 200 chroot /mnt/mmc /init androidboot.console=ttyS0<br />
# strace chroot /mnt/mmc /init androidboot.console=ttyS0<br />
</pre><br />
===Test with Android emulator===<br />
[http://developer.android.com/guide/developing/tools/emulator.html emulator]<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ make ARCH=arm goldfish_defconfig<br />
$ make ARCH=arm CROSS_COMPILE=../prebuilt/linux-x86/toolchain/arm-eabi-4.2.1/bin/arm-eabi<br />
# créer des AVD (Android Virtual Device)<br />
$ ~/dev/android-sdk-linux_x86-1.5_r3/tools/android create avd -n APF27-H -t 2 -s 272x480<br />
$ ~/dev/android-sdk-linux_x86-1.5_r3/tools/android create avd -n APF27-L -t 2 -s 480x272<br />
$ $ANDROID/out/host/linux-x86/bin/emulator -avd APF27-H -sysdir $ANDROID/out/target/product/generic/ -kernel $ANDROID/kernel/arch/arm/boot/zImage -data $ANDROID/out/target/product/generic/userdata.img -ramdisk $ANDROID/out/target/product/generic/ramdisk.img -system $ANDROID/out/target/product/generic/system.img<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
==Android Root File system==<br />
Android emulator has 3 basic images on tools/lib/images directory.<br />
* '''ramdisk.img''' is gziped cpio archive. ramdisk.img is a small partition image that is mounted read-only by the kernel at boot time. It only contains /init and a few config files. It is used to start init which will mount the rest of the system images properly and run the init procedure. A Ramdisk is a standard Linux feature. It is made just for the Android and do special things to start up the Android system.<br />
* '''system.img''' is a partition image that will be mounted as / and thus contains all system binaries.<br />
* '''userdata.img''' is a partition image that can be mounted as /data and thus contains all application-specific and user-specific data.<br />
'''/system''' directory has libraries and default system packages (*.apk). /data directory has timezone, cache, and ''ApiDemos.apk'' package.<br><br />
The main services are zygote('''/system/bin/app_process'''), runtime('''/system/bin/runtime'''), and dbus('''/system/bin/dbus-daemon'''). You can see the '''/etc/init.rc''' file on the Android ramdisk image.<br />
<pre class="apf"> <br />
...<br />
zygote {<br />
exec /system/bin/app_process<br />
args {<br />
0 -Xzygote<br />
1 /system/bin<br />
2 --zygote<br />
}<br />
autostart 1<br />
}<br />
runtime {<br />
exec /system/bin/runtime<br />
autostart 1<br />
}<br />
...<br />
dbus {<br />
exec /system/bin/dbus-daemon<br />
args.0 --system<br />
args.1 --nofork<br />
autostart 1<br />
}<br />
...<br />
</pre></div>NicolasDhttp://armadeus.org/wiki/index.php?title=User:NicolasD&diff=7148User:NicolasD2009-07-30T13:10:58Z<p>NicolasD: /* Test with Android emulatoir */</p>
<hr />
<div>Désolé de pourrir les 'recent changes' :)<br />
==Truc utile==<br />
===GRUB sur clé USB===<br />
Voici une petite astuce pour :<br />
* ne plus perdre GRUB lors de la réinstallation de Windows<br />
* ne plus avoir accès à Windows après l'installation de Linux<br />
* rendre inaccessible la partition Linux sur votre machine<br />
L'astuce est d'installer ''que'' GRUB sur une clé USB. '''Attention, l'ordre des actions est important'''<br />
* Formater la cle USB en fat32 (gparted)<br />
* Récupérer la liste des disques monter ainsi que leur ID <br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ sudo blkid<br />
/dev/sda1: UUID="CC5C86435C862872" TYPE="ntfs" <br />
/dev/sda5: UUID="aad30bf1-d620-4244-9fb5-42f4a38075fb" TYPE="ext3" <br />
/dev/sda6: TYPE="swap" UUID="e3163bab-1fcc-4bcd-844d-7dcabc35015c" <br />
/dev/sdb1: UUID="4C9D-547F" TYPE="vfat" <br />
</pre><br />
* installer Grub sur la clé USB<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ grub-install --no-floppy --root-directory=/media/disk /dev/sdb1 (remplacer sdb1 par la valeur récupérée avec la commande précédente)<br />
</pre><br />
* demonter le disque USB<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ sudo umount /media/disk<br />
</pre><br />
* Installer le MBR<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ sudo install-mbr /dev/sdb1<br />
</pre><br />
* Mettre le flag boot sur la clé USB (gparted)<br />
===make gconfig===<br />
Installer les bibliothèques pour lancer make gconfig<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
sudo apt-get install libgtk2.0-dev libglib2.0-dev libglade2-dev<br />
</pre><br />
==Banc à sable==<br />
<br />
Ce qui suit n'est qu'un brouillon avec les fautes de frappes et d'orthographes comme il se doit.<br />
<br />
<br />
==Prerequisites for Linux installation==<br />
===Install needed software packages===<br />
* Install these package for build the kernel image and for format the mmc/µSD card<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ sudo apt-get install uboot-mkimage mtd-utils<br />
</pre><br />
* [[Toolchain]]<br />
<br />
===Update the environment variables===<br />
Theses environment variables install the Android and Armadeus folder in our home directory, but of course, it can be placed anywhere!<br />
<pre class="config"><br />
export ANDROID_SOURCE=~/apf27droid<br />
export ANDROID_SDK=~/android-sdk-linux_x86-1.5_r3<br />
export ARMADEUS=~/armadeus-3.1<br />
export PATH=${PATH}:${ANDROID_SDK}/tools:${ANDROID_SOURCE}/bin<br />
</pre><br />
==Construction of Android environment==<br />
===Download Android source===<br />
The [http://source.android.com/download getting Android source] document describes how to set up our local work environment. <br />
Follow theses instructions until '''Installing Repo''' chapter.<br><br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ mkdir ANDROID_SOURCE<br />
$ cd $ANDROID_SOURCE<br />
$ mkdir bin<br />
$ curl http://android.git.kernel.org/repo >$ANDROID_SOURCE/bin/repo<br />
$ chmod a+x $ANDROID_SOURCE/bin/repo<br />
$ repo init -u git://android.git.kernel.org/platform/manifest.git -b android-sdk-1.5_r3<br />
$ repo sync<br />
</pre><br />
Since android-sdk-1.5_r3 branch, the Linux kernel isn't with the Android source, <br />
We can download it in a compress archive (tar.gz) file with this [http://android.git.kernel.org/?p=kernel/common.git;a=snapshot;h=refs/heads/android-2.6.29;sf=tgz android-kernel-2.6.29] (about (70Mib) or with git repository (more 300Mib)<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ mkdir $ANDROID_SOURCE/kernel<br />
$ cd $ANDROID_SOURCE/kernel<br />
$ git clone git://android.git.kernel.org/kernel/common.git android-2.6.29<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
===Apply the Armadeus patchset===<br />
Before compiling the kernel, we patch the source with the Armadeus patches. In second time, I will give the URL to retrieve Linux 2.6.29.4 patch.<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ $ARMADEUS/buildroot/toolchain/patch-kernel.sh $ANDROID_SOURCE/kernel $ARMADEUS/downloads patch-2.6.29.4.bz2<br />
$ $ARMADEUS/buildroot/toolchain/patch-kernel.sh $ANDROID_SOURCE/kernel $ARMADEUS/buildroot/toolchain/kernel-headers linux-2.6.29.4-\*.patch{,.gz,.bz2}<br />
$ $ARMADEUS/buildroot/toolchain/patch-kernel.sh $ANDROID_SOURCE/kernel $ARMADEUS/buildroot/target/device/armadeus/linux/kernel-patches/2.6.29.4 \*.patch{,.gz,.bz2}<br />
$ mkdir $ANDROID_SOURCE/kernel/drivers/armadeus<br />
$ cp -r $ARMADEUS/target/linux/modules/* $ANDROID_SOURCE/kernel/drivers/armadeus<br />
$ cp $ARMADEUS/target/device/armadeus/apf27/apf27-linux-2.6.29.config $ANDROID_SOURCE/kernel/arch/arm/configs/apf27_android_defconfig<br />
</pre><br />
===Battery patch===<br />
At the beginning, reboot happened over again even though Android logo appeared on board.<br />
Result of investigation, we found that battery power was returned with 0 when boot.. <br />
To complete!!!<br />
===Android kernel configuration===<br />
Make sure your kernel boots normally on your board. Then enable some Android specific configuration and make sure that your kernel still boots (with your standard file system).<br />
* EABI<br />
<pre class="config"><br />
CONFIG_AEABI=y<br />
# CONFIG_OABI_COMPAT is not set<br />
</pre><br />
* THUMB<br />
<pre class="config"><br />
CONFIG_ARM_THUMB=y<br />
</pre><br />
* Android drivers<br />
<pre class="config"><br />
#<br />
# Android<br />
#<br />
# CONFIG_ANDROID_GADGET is not set<br />
# CONFIG_ANDROID_RAM_CONSOLE is not set<br />
CONFIG_ANDROID_POWER=y<br />
CONFIG_ANDROID_POWER_STAT=y<br />
CONFIG_ANDROID_LOGGER=y<br />
# CONFIG_ANDROID_TIMED_GPIO is not set<br />
CONFIG_ANDROID_BINDER_IPC=y<br />
#AshMem <br />
CONFIG_ASHMEM=y<br />
</pre><br />
===compile Android kernel===<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ cd $ANDROID_SOURCE/kernel<br />
$ make ARCH=arm mrproper<br />
$ make ARCH=arm apf27_android_defconfig<br />
$ make ARCH=arm CROSS_COMPILE=../prebuilt/linux-x86/toolchain/arm-eabi-4.2.1/bin/arm-eabi- uImage<br />
$ cp ./arch/arm/boot/uImage $TFTPBOOT/apf27-linux.bin<br />
</pre><br />
==Making SD card for boot==<br />
===Copying the Android root filesystem===<br />
Android’s root file system is generated in $ANDROID_SOURCE/out/target/product/generic<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ cd $ANDROID_SOURCE/out/target/product/generic<br />
$ mkdir $ANDROID_SOURCE/rootfs (or '$ sudo rm -rf $ANDROID_SOURCE/rootfs/*' if the folder already exist )<br />
$ cp -a root/* $ANDROID_SOURCE/rootfs/<br />
$ cp -a system/* $ANDROID_SOURCE/rootfs/system/<br />
$ cd $ANDROID_SOURCE/rootfs<br />
$ sudo chown -R root.root .<br />
$ sudo chmod -R a+rwX data system<br />
</pre><br />
===Change init.rc===<br />
Open $ANDROID_SOURCE/system/core/rootdir and comment the 'mount yaffs2' lines like this:<br />
<pre class="config"><br />
...<br />
# mount mtd partitions<br />
# Mount /system rw first to give the filesystem a chance to save a checkpoint<br />
# mount yaffs2 mtd@system /system <br />
# mount yaffs2 mtd@system /system ro remount<br />
<br />
# We chown/chmod /data again so because mount is run as root + defaults<br />
# mount yaffs2 mtd@userdata /data nosuid nodev<br />
chown system system /data<br />
chmod 0771 /data<br />
<br />
# Same reason as /data above<br />
# mount yaffs2 mtd@cache /cache nosuid nodev<br />
chown system cache /cache<br />
chmod 0770 /cache<br />
<br />
# This may have been created by the recovery system with odd permissions<br />
chown system system /cache/recovery<br />
chmod 0770 /cache/recovery<br />
...<br />
</pre><br />
===Formatting an MMC/SD card===<br />
We will create two partitions on our mmc/µSD card, The first one will use for Android memory card, the second one will use for Android file system.<br />
First connect your card reader to your workstation, with the mmc/µSD card inside. Type the '''dmesg''' command to see which device is used by your workstation. Let’s assume that this device is '''/dev/sdb'''<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ dmesg<br />
...<br />
[ 9145.613954] sdb: sdb1 sdb2<br />
[ 9145.615125] sd 10:0:0:0: [sdc] Attached SCSI removable disk<br />
[ 9145.615258] sd 10:0:0:0: Attached scsi generic sg3 type 0<br />
</pre><br />
Type the mount command to check your currently mounted partitions. If MMC/SD partitions are mounted, unmount them.<br><br />
In a terminal edit partitions with fdisk:<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
sudo fdisk /dev/sdb<br />
</pre><br />
Delete any existing partition with the d command.<br><br />
Now, create the boot partition:<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
Command (m for help): n<br />
Command action<br />
e extended<br />
p primary partition (1-4)<br />
p<br />
Partition number (1-4): 1<br />
First cylinder (1-495, default 1): 1<br />
Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (1-239, default 239): +1G<br />
</pre><br />
Change its type to FAT32:<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
Command (m for help): t<br />
Selected partition 1<br />
Hex code (type L to list codes): c<br />
Changed system type of partition 1 to c (W95 FAT32 (LBA))<br />
</pre><br />
Using the n command again, create a second partition filling up the rest of your card (just accept default values).<br><br />
Now, format the partitions in your card:<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
sudo mkfs.vfat -n MemoryCard -F 32 /dev/sdb1<br />
sudo mkfs.ext2 -L AndroidFS /dev/sdb2<br />
</pre><br />
Remove and insert your card again. Your new partitions should be mounted automatically.<br><br />
===Copying data to the MMC/SD card===<br />
Now copy the Android root filesystem to the second partition.<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
sudo rsync -a $ANDROID_SOURCE/rootfs/ /media/AndroidFS/<br />
</pre><br />
Finish by unmounting your mmc/µSD partitions:<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
sudo umount /media/MemoryCard<br />
sudo umount /media/AndroidFS<br />
</pre><br />
==Boot setup==<br />
The last thing left to do is to specify how the board boots Linux.<br><br />
In the U-boot prompt, make the mmc boot is on second partition of the mmc/µSD card<br />
<pre class="apf"> <br />
# setenv mmcroot '/dev/mmcblk0p2 rw'<br />
</pre><br />
Now set the kernel command line arguments<br />
<pre class="apf"> <br />
# setenv addmmcargs 'setenv bootargs ${bootargs} root=${mmcroot} rootfstype=${mmcrootfstype} init=\init androidboot.console=ttyS0'<br />
# saveenvmtd-utils<br />
</pre><br />
==Debug==<br />
<pre class="apf"> <br />
# mount /dev/mmcblk0p2 /mnt/mmc<br />
# strace -f -ff -tt -s 200 chroot /mnt/mmc /init androidboot.console=ttyS0<br />
# strace chroot /mnt/mmc /init androidboot.console=ttyS0<br />
</pre><br />
===Test with Android emulator===<br />
[http://developer.android.com/guide/developing/tools/emulator.html emulator]<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ make ARCH=arm goldfish_defconfig<br />
$ make ARCH=arm CROSS_COMPILE=../prebuilt/linux-x86/toolchain/arm-eabi-4.2.1/bin/arm-eabi<br />
# créer des AVD (Android Virtual Device)<br />
$ ~/dev/android-sdk-linux_x86-1.5_r3/tools/android create avd -n APF27-H -t 2 -s 272x480<br />
$ ~/dev/android-sdk-linux_x86-1.5_r3/tools/android create avd -n APF27-L -t 2 -s 480x272<br />
$ $ANDROID/out/host/linux-x86/bin/emulator -avd APF27-H -sysdir $ANDROID/out/target/product/generic/ -kernel $ANDROID/kernel/arch/arm/boot/zImage -data $ANDROID/out/target/product/generic/userdata.img -ramdisk $ANDROID/out/target/product/generic/ramdisk.img -system $ANDROID/out/target/product/generic/system.img<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
==Android Root File system==<br />
Android emulator has 3 basic images on tools/lib/images directory.<br />
* '''ramdisk.img''' is gziped cpio archive. ramdisk.img is a small partition image that is mounted read-only by the kernel at boot time. It only contains /init and a few config files. It is used to start init which will mount the rest of the system images properly and run the init procedure. A Ramdisk is a standard Linux feature. It is made just for the Android and do special things to start up the Android system.<br />
* '''system.img''' is a partition image that will be mounted as / and thus contains all system binaries.<br />
* '''userdata.img''' is a partition image that can be mounted as /data and thus contains all application-specific and user-specific data.<br />
'''/system''' directory has libraries and default system packages (*.apk). /data directory has timezone, cache, and ''ApiDemos.apk'' package.<br><br />
The main services are zygote('''/system/bin/app_process'''), runtime('''/system/bin/runtime'''), and dbus('''/system/bin/dbus-daemon'''). You can see the '''/etc/init.rc''' file on the Android ramdisk image.<br />
<pre class="apf"> <br />
...<br />
zygote {<br />
exec /system/bin/app_process<br />
args {<br />
0 -Xzygote<br />
1 /system/bin<br />
2 --zygote<br />
}<br />
autostart 1<br />
}<br />
runtime {<br />
exec /system/bin/runtime<br />
autostart 1<br />
}<br />
...<br />
dbus {<br />
exec /system/bin/dbus-daemon<br />
args.0 --system<br />
args.1 --nofork<br />
autostart 1<br />
}<br />
...<br />
</pre></div>NicolasDhttp://armadeus.org/wiki/index.php?title=User:NicolasD&diff=7147User:NicolasD2009-07-30T13:10:05Z<p>NicolasD: </p>
<hr />
<div>Désolé de pourrir les 'recent changes' :)<br />
==Truc utile==<br />
===GRUB sur clé USB===<br />
Voici une petite astuce pour :<br />
* ne plus perdre GRUB lors de la réinstallation de Windows<br />
* ne plus avoir accès à Windows après l'installation de Linux<br />
* rendre inaccessible la partition Linux sur votre machine<br />
L'astuce est d'installer ''que'' GRUB sur une clé USB. '''Attention, l'ordre des actions est important'''<br />
* Formater la cle USB en fat32 (gparted)<br />
* Récupérer la liste des disques monter ainsi que leur ID <br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ sudo blkid<br />
/dev/sda1: UUID="CC5C86435C862872" TYPE="ntfs" <br />
/dev/sda5: UUID="aad30bf1-d620-4244-9fb5-42f4a38075fb" TYPE="ext3" <br />
/dev/sda6: TYPE="swap" UUID="e3163bab-1fcc-4bcd-844d-7dcabc35015c" <br />
/dev/sdb1: UUID="4C9D-547F" TYPE="vfat" <br />
</pre><br />
* installer Grub sur la clé USB<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ grub-install --no-floppy --root-directory=/media/disk /dev/sdb1 (remplacer sdb1 par la valeur récupérée avec la commande précédente)<br />
</pre><br />
* demonter le disque USB<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ sudo umount /media/disk<br />
</pre><br />
* Installer le MBR<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ sudo install-mbr /dev/sdb1<br />
</pre><br />
* Mettre le flag boot sur la clé USB (gparted)<br />
===make gconfig===<br />
Installer les bibliothèques pour lancer make gconfig<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
sudo apt-get install libgtk2.0-dev libglib2.0-dev libglade2-dev<br />
</pre><br />
==Banc à sable==<br />
<br />
Ce qui suit n'est qu'un brouillon avec les fautes de frappes et d'orthographes comme il se doit.<br />
<br />
<br />
==Prerequisites for Linux installation==<br />
===Install needed software packages===<br />
* Install these package for build the kernel image and for format the mmc/µSD card<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ sudo apt-get install uboot-mkimage mtd-utils<br />
</pre><br />
* [[Toolchain]]<br />
<br />
===Update the environment variables===<br />
Theses environment variables install the Android and Armadeus folder in our home directory, but of course, it can be placed anywhere!<br />
<pre class="config"><br />
export ANDROID_SOURCE=~/apf27droid<br />
export ANDROID_SDK=~/android-sdk-linux_x86-1.5_r3<br />
export ARMADEUS=~/armadeus-3.1<br />
export PATH=${PATH}:${ANDROID_SDK}/tools:${ANDROID_SOURCE}/bin<br />
</pre><br />
==Construction of Android environment==<br />
===Download Android source===<br />
The [http://source.android.com/download getting Android source] document describes how to set up our local work environment. <br />
Follow theses instructions until '''Installing Repo''' chapter.<br><br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ mkdir ANDROID_SOURCE<br />
$ cd $ANDROID_SOURCE<br />
$ mkdir bin<br />
$ curl http://android.git.kernel.org/repo >$ANDROID_SOURCE/bin/repo<br />
$ chmod a+x $ANDROID_SOURCE/bin/repo<br />
$ repo init -u git://android.git.kernel.org/platform/manifest.git -b android-sdk-1.5_r3<br />
$ repo sync<br />
</pre><br />
Since android-sdk-1.5_r3 branch, the Linux kernel isn't with the Android source, <br />
We can download it in a compress archive (tar.gz) file with this [http://android.git.kernel.org/?p=kernel/common.git;a=snapshot;h=refs/heads/android-2.6.29;sf=tgz android-kernel-2.6.29] (about (70Mib) or with git repository (more 300Mib)<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ mkdir $ANDROID_SOURCE/kernel<br />
$ cd $ANDROID_SOURCE/kernel<br />
$ git clone git://android.git.kernel.org/kernel/common.git android-2.6.29<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
===Apply the Armadeus patchset===<br />
Before compiling the kernel, we patch the source with the Armadeus patches. In second time, I will give the URL to retrieve Linux 2.6.29.4 patch.<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ $ARMADEUS/buildroot/toolchain/patch-kernel.sh $ANDROID_SOURCE/kernel $ARMADEUS/downloads patch-2.6.29.4.bz2<br />
$ $ARMADEUS/buildroot/toolchain/patch-kernel.sh $ANDROID_SOURCE/kernel $ARMADEUS/buildroot/toolchain/kernel-headers linux-2.6.29.4-\*.patch{,.gz,.bz2}<br />
$ $ARMADEUS/buildroot/toolchain/patch-kernel.sh $ANDROID_SOURCE/kernel $ARMADEUS/buildroot/target/device/armadeus/linux/kernel-patches/2.6.29.4 \*.patch{,.gz,.bz2}<br />
$ mkdir $ANDROID_SOURCE/kernel/drivers/armadeus<br />
$ cp -r $ARMADEUS/target/linux/modules/* $ANDROID_SOURCE/kernel/drivers/armadeus<br />
$ cp $ARMADEUS/target/device/armadeus/apf27/apf27-linux-2.6.29.config $ANDROID_SOURCE/kernel/arch/arm/configs/apf27_android_defconfig<br />
</pre><br />
===Battery patch===<br />
At the beginning, reboot happened over again even though Android logo appeared on board.<br />
Result of investigation, we found that battery power was returned with 0 when boot.. <br />
To complete!!!<br />
===Android kernel configuration===<br />
Make sure your kernel boots normally on your board. Then enable some Android specific configuration and make sure that your kernel still boots (with your standard file system).<br />
* EABI<br />
<pre class="config"><br />
CONFIG_AEABI=y<br />
# CONFIG_OABI_COMPAT is not set<br />
</pre><br />
* THUMB<br />
<pre class="config"><br />
CONFIG_ARM_THUMB=y<br />
</pre><br />
* Android drivers<br />
<pre class="config"><br />
#<br />
# Android<br />
#<br />
# CONFIG_ANDROID_GADGET is not set<br />
# CONFIG_ANDROID_RAM_CONSOLE is not set<br />
CONFIG_ANDROID_POWER=y<br />
CONFIG_ANDROID_POWER_STAT=y<br />
CONFIG_ANDROID_LOGGER=y<br />
# CONFIG_ANDROID_TIMED_GPIO is not set<br />
CONFIG_ANDROID_BINDER_IPC=y<br />
#AshMem <br />
CONFIG_ASHMEM=y<br />
</pre><br />
===compile Android kernel===<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ cd $ANDROID_SOURCE/kernel<br />
$ make ARCH=arm mrproper<br />
$ make ARCH=arm apf27_android_defconfig<br />
$ make ARCH=arm CROSS_COMPILE=../prebuilt/linux-x86/toolchain/arm-eabi-4.2.1/bin/arm-eabi- uImage<br />
$ cp ./arch/arm/boot/uImage $TFTPBOOT/apf27-linux.bin<br />
</pre><br />
==Making SD card for boot==<br />
===Copying the Android root filesystem===<br />
Android’s root file system is generated in $ANDROID_SOURCE/out/target/product/generic<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ cd $ANDROID_SOURCE/out/target/product/generic<br />
$ mkdir $ANDROID_SOURCE/rootfs (or '$ sudo rm -rf $ANDROID_SOURCE/rootfs/*' if the folder already exist )<br />
$ cp -a root/* $ANDROID_SOURCE/rootfs/<br />
$ cp -a system/* $ANDROID_SOURCE/rootfs/system/<br />
$ cd $ANDROID_SOURCE/rootfs<br />
$ sudo chown -R root.root .<br />
$ sudo chmod -R a+rwX data system<br />
</pre><br />
===Change init.rc===<br />
Open $ANDROID_SOURCE/system/core/rootdir and comment the 'mount yaffs2' lines like this:<br />
<pre class="config"><br />
...<br />
# mount mtd partitions<br />
# Mount /system rw first to give the filesystem a chance to save a checkpoint<br />
# mount yaffs2 mtd@system /system <br />
# mount yaffs2 mtd@system /system ro remount<br />
<br />
# We chown/chmod /data again so because mount is run as root + defaults<br />
# mount yaffs2 mtd@userdata /data nosuid nodev<br />
chown system system /data<br />
chmod 0771 /data<br />
<br />
# Same reason as /data above<br />
# mount yaffs2 mtd@cache /cache nosuid nodev<br />
chown system cache /cache<br />
chmod 0770 /cache<br />
<br />
# This may have been created by the recovery system with odd permissions<br />
chown system system /cache/recovery<br />
chmod 0770 /cache/recovery<br />
...<br />
</pre><br />
===Formatting an MMC/SD card===<br />
We will create two partitions on our mmc/µSD card, The first one will use for Android memory card, the second one will use for Android file system.<br />
First connect your card reader to your workstation, with the mmc/µSD card inside. Type the '''dmesg''' command to see which device is used by your workstation. Let’s assume that this device is '''/dev/sdb'''<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ dmesg<br />
...<br />
[ 9145.613954] sdb: sdb1 sdb2<br />
[ 9145.615125] sd 10:0:0:0: [sdc] Attached SCSI removable disk<br />
[ 9145.615258] sd 10:0:0:0: Attached scsi generic sg3 type 0<br />
</pre><br />
Type the mount command to check your currently mounted partitions. If MMC/SD partitions are mounted, unmount them.<br><br />
In a terminal edit partitions with fdisk:<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
sudo fdisk /dev/sdb<br />
</pre><br />
Delete any existing partition with the d command.<br><br />
Now, create the boot partition:<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
Command (m for help): n<br />
Command action<br />
e extended<br />
p primary partition (1-4)<br />
p<br />
Partition number (1-4): 1<br />
First cylinder (1-495, default 1): 1<br />
Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (1-239, default 239): +1G<br />
</pre><br />
Change its type to FAT32:<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
Command (m for help): t<br />
Selected partition 1<br />
Hex code (type L to list codes): c<br />
Changed system type of partition 1 to c (W95 FAT32 (LBA))<br />
</pre><br />
Using the n command again, create a second partition filling up the rest of your card (just accept default values).<br><br />
Now, format the partitions in your card:<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
sudo mkfs.vfat -n MemoryCard -F 32 /dev/sdb1<br />
sudo mkfs.ext2 -L AndroidFS /dev/sdb2<br />
</pre><br />
Remove and insert your card again. Your new partitions should be mounted automatically.<br><br />
===Copying data to the MMC/SD card===<br />
Now copy the Android root filesystem to the second partition.<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
sudo rsync -a $ANDROID_SOURCE/rootfs/ /media/AndroidFS/<br />
</pre><br />
Finish by unmounting your mmc/µSD partitions:<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
sudo umount /media/MemoryCard<br />
sudo umount /media/AndroidFS<br />
</pre><br />
==Boot setup==<br />
The last thing left to do is to specify how the board boots Linux.<br><br />
In the U-boot prompt, make the mmc boot is on second partition of the mmc/µSD card<br />
<pre class="apf"> <br />
# setenv mmcroot '/dev/mmcblk0p2 rw'<br />
</pre><br />
Now set the kernel command line arguments<br />
<pre class="apf"> <br />
# setenv addmmcargs 'setenv bootargs ${bootargs} root=${mmcroot} rootfstype=${mmcrootfstype} init=\init androidboot.console=ttyS0'<br />
# saveenvmtd-utils<br />
</pre><br />
==Debug==<br />
<pre class="apf"> <br />
# mount /dev/mmcblk0p2 /mnt/mmc<br />
# strace -f -ff -tt -s 200 chroot /mnt/mmc /init androidboot.console=ttyS0<br />
# strace chroot /mnt/mmc /init androidboot.console=ttyS0<br />
</pre><br />
===Test with Android emulatoir===<br />
[http://developer.android.com/guide/developing/tools/emulator.html emulator]<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ make ARCH=arm goldfish_defconfig<br />
$ make ARCH=arm CROSS_COMPILE=../prebuilt/linux-x86/toolchain/arm-eabi-4.2.1/bin/arm-eabi<br />
# créer des AVD (Android Virtual Device)<br />
$ ~/dev/android-sdk-linux_x86-1.5_r3/tools/android create avd -n APF27-H -t 2 -s 272x480<br />
$ ~/dev/android-sdk-linux_x86-1.5_r3/tools/android create avd -n APF27-L -t 2 -s 480x272<br />
$ $ANDROID/out/host/linux-x86/bin/emulator -avd APF27-H -sysdir $ANDROID/out/target/product/generic/ -kernel $ANDROID/kernel/arch/arm/boot/zImage -data $ANDROID/out/target/product/generic/userdata.img -ramdisk $ANDROID/out/target/product/generic/ramdisk.img -system $ANDROID/out/target/product/generic/system.img<br />
</pre><br />
==Android Root File system==<br />
Android emulator has 3 basic images on tools/lib/images directory.<br />
* '''ramdisk.img''' is gziped cpio archive. ramdisk.img is a small partition image that is mounted read-only by the kernel at boot time. It only contains /init and a few config files. It is used to start init which will mount the rest of the system images properly and run the init procedure. A Ramdisk is a standard Linux feature. It is made just for the Android and do special things to start up the Android system.<br />
* '''system.img''' is a partition image that will be mounted as / and thus contains all system binaries.<br />
* '''userdata.img''' is a partition image that can be mounted as /data and thus contains all application-specific and user-specific data.<br />
'''/system''' directory has libraries and default system packages (*.apk). /data directory has timezone, cache, and ''ApiDemos.apk'' package.<br><br />
The main services are zygote('''/system/bin/app_process'''), runtime('''/system/bin/runtime'''), and dbus('''/system/bin/dbus-daemon'''). You can see the '''/etc/init.rc''' file on the Android ramdisk image.<br />
<pre class="apf"> <br />
...<br />
zygote {<br />
exec /system/bin/app_process<br />
args {<br />
0 -Xzygote<br />
1 /system/bin<br />
2 --zygote<br />
}<br />
autostart 1<br />
}<br />
runtime {<br />
exec /system/bin/runtime<br />
autostart 1<br />
}<br />
...<br />
dbus {<br />
exec /system/bin/dbus-daemon<br />
args.0 --system<br />
args.1 --nofork<br />
autostart 1<br />
}<br />
...<br />
</pre></div>NicolasDhttp://armadeus.org/wiki/index.php?title=User:NicolasD&diff=7146User:NicolasD2009-07-30T09:50:28Z<p>NicolasD: </p>
<hr />
<div>Désolé de pourrir les 'recent changes' :)<br />
==Truc utile==<br />
===GRUB sur clé USB===<br />
Voici une petite astuce pour :<br />
* ne plus perdre GRUB lors de la réinstallation de Windows<br />
* ne plus avoir accès à Windows après l'installation de Linux<br />
* rendre inaccessible la partition Linux sur votre machine<br />
L'astuce est d'installer '''que''' GRUB sur une clé USB. '''Attention, l'ordre des actions est important'''<br />
* Formatter la cle USB en fat32 (gparted)<br />
* Récuperer la liste des disques monter ainsi que leur ID <br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ sudo blkid<br />
/dev/sda1: UUID="CC5C86435C862872" TYPE="ntfs" <br />
/dev/sda5: UUID="aad30bf1-d620-4244-9fb5-42f4a38075fb" TYPE="ext3" <br />
/dev/sda6: TYPE="swap" UUID="e3163bab-1fcc-4bcd-844d-7dcabc35015c" <br />
/dev/sdb1: UUID="4C9D-547F" TYPE="vfat" <br />
</pre><br />
* installer Grub sur la cle USB<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ grub-install --no-floppy --root-directory=/media/disk /dev/sdb1 (remplacer sdb1 par la valeur récupérée avec la commande précédente)<br />
</pre><br />
* demonter le disque USB<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ sudo umount /media/disk<br />
</pre><br />
* Installer le MBR<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ sudo install-mbr /dev/sdb1<br />
</pre><br />
* Mettre le flag boot sur la cle USB (gparted)<br />
===make gconfig===<br />
installer les bibliothèques pour lancer make gconfig<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
sudo apt-get install libgtk2.0-dev libglib2.0-dev libglade2-dev<br />
</pre><br />
==Banc à sable==<br />
<br />
Ce qui suit n'est qu'un brouillon avec les fautes de frappes et d'orthographe comme il se doit.<br />
<br />
<br />
==Prerequisites for Linux installation==<br />
===Install needed software packages===<br />
Install these package for build the kernel image and for format the mmc/µSD card<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ sudo apt-get install uboot-mkimage mtd-utils<br />
</pre><br />
===Update the environment variables===<br />
Theses environment variables install the Android and Armadeus folder in our home directory, but of course, it can be placed anywhere!<br />
<pre class="config"><br />
export ANDROID_SOURCE=~/apf27droid<br />
export ANDROID_SDK=~/android-sdk-linux_x86-1.5_r3<br />
export ARMADEUS=~/armadeus-3.1<br />
export PATH=${PATH}:${ANDROID_SDK}/tools:${ANDROID_SOURCE}/bin<br />
</pre><br />
==Construction of Android environment==<br />
===Download Android source===<br />
The [http://source.android.com/download getting Android source] document describes how to set up our local work environment. <br />
Follow theses instructions until ''Installing Repo''.<br><br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ mkdir ANDROID_SOURCE<br />
$ cd $ANDROID_SOURCE<br />
$ mkdir bin<br />
$ curl http://android.git.kernel.org/repo >$ANDROID_SOURCE/bin/repo<br />
$ chmod a+x $ANDROID_SOURCE/bin/repo<br />
$ repo init -u git://android.git.kernel.org/platform/manifest.git -b android-sdk-1.5_r3<br />
$ repo sync<br />
</pre><br />
Since android-sdk-1.5_r3 branch, the Linux kernel isn't with the Android source, <br />
We can download it in a compress archive (tar.gz) file with this [http://android.git.kernel.org/?p=kernel/common.git;a=snapshot;h=refs/heads/android-2.6.29;sf=tgz android-kernel-2.6.29] (about (70Mib) or with git repository (more 300Mib)<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ mkdir $ANDROID_SOURCE/kernel<br />
$ cd $ANDROID_SOURCE/kernel<br />
$ git clone git://android.git.kernel.org/kernel/common.git android-2.6.29<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
===Apply the Armadeus patchset===<br />
Je n'ai pas indiqué (a faire) dans les pré-requit, il faut naturelle avoir installé et compilé le projet Armadeus-3.1.<br />
Dans un second temps, j'indiquerai les différentes actions pour ne pas être obliger à compiler le projet Armadeus, notamment pour la rustine patch-2.6.29.4.bz2<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ $ARMADEUS/buildroot/toolchain/patch-kernel.sh $ANDROID_SOURCE/kernel $ARMADEUS/downloads patch-2.6.29.4.bz2<br />
$ $ARMADEUS/buildroot/toolchain/patch-kernel.sh $ANDROID_SOURCE/kernel $ARMADEUS/buildroot/toolchain/kernel-headers linux-2.6.29.4-\*.patch{,.gz,.bz2}<br />
$ $ARMADEUS/buildroot/toolchain/patch-kernel.sh $ANDROID_SOURCE/kernel $ARMADEUS/buildroot/target/device/armadeus/linux/kernel-patches/2.6.29.4 \*.patch{,.gz,.bz2}<br />
$ mkdir $ANDROID_SOURCE/kernel/drivers/armadeus<br />
$ cp -r $ARMADEUS/target/linux/modules/* $ANDROID_SOURCE/kernel/drivers/armadeus<br />
$ cp $ARMADEUS/target/device/armadeus/apf27/apf27-linux-2.6.29.config $ANDROID_SOURCE/kernel/arch/arm/configs/apf27_android_defconfig<br />
</pre><br />
===Battery patch===<br />
At the beginning, reboot happened over again even though Android logo appeared on board.<br />
Result of investigation, we found that battery power was returned with 0 when boot.. <br />
A effectuer!!!!<br />
===update android kernel configuration for APF27===<br />
C'est un point délicat, Google/Android ne donne '''aucune''' informations dessus<br />
<pre class="config"><br />
</pre><br />
===compile Android kernel===<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ cd $ANDROID_SOURCE/kernel<br />
$ make ARCH=arm mrproper<br />
$ make ARCH=arm apf27_android_defconfig<br />
$ make ARCH=arm CROSS_COMPILE=../prebuilt/linux-x86/toolchain/arm-eabi-4.2.1/bin/arm-eabi- uImage<br />
$ cp ./arch/arm/boot/uImage $TFTPBOOT/apf27-linux.bin<br />
</pre><br />
==Making SD card for boot==<br />
===Copying the Android root filesystem===<br />
Android’s root file system is generated in $ANDROID_SOURCE/out/target/product/generic<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ cd $ANDROID_SOURCE/out/target/product/generic<br />
$ mkdir $ANDROID_SOURCE/rootfs (or '$ sudo rm -rf $ANDROID_SOURCE/rootfs/*' if the folder already exist )<br />
$ cp -a root/* $ANDROID_SOURCE/rootfs/<br />
$ cp -a system/* $ANDROID_SOURCE/rootfs/system/<br />
$ cd $ANDROID_SOURCE/rootfs<br />
$ sudo chown -R root.root .<br />
$ sudo chmod -R a+rwX data system<br />
</pre><br />
===Change init.rc===<br />
To do!!!!<br />
===Formatting an MMC/SD card===<br />
We will create two partitions on our mmc/sd card, The first one will use for Android memory card, the second one will use for Android file system.<br />
First connect your card reader to your workstation, with the MMC/SD card inside. Type the '''dmesg''' command to see which device is used by your workstation. Let’s assume that this device is '''/dev/sdb'''<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ dmesg<br />
...<br />
[ 9145.613954] sdb: sdb1 sdb2<br />
[ 9145.615125] sd 10:0:0:0: [sdc] Attached SCSI removable disk<br />
[ 9145.615258] sd 10:0:0:0: Attached scsi generic sg3 type 0<br />
</pre><br />
Type the mount command to check your currently mounted partitions. If MMC/SD partitions are mounted, unmount them.<br><br />
In a terminal edit partitions with fdisk:<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
sudo fdisk /dev/sdb<br />
</pre><br />
Delete any existing partition with the d command.<br><br />
Now, create the boot partition:<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
Command (m for help): n<br />
Command action<br />
e extended<br />
p primary partition (1-4)<br />
p<br />
Partition number (1-4): 1<br />
First cylinder (1-495, default 1): 1<br />
Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (1-239, default 239): +1G<br />
</pre><br />
Change its type to FAT32:<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
Command (m for help): t<br />
Selected partition 1<br />
Hex code (type L to list codes): c<br />
Changed system type of partition 1 to c (W95 FAT32 (LBA))<br />
</pre><br />
Using the n command again, create a second partition filling up the rest of your card (just accept default values).<br><br />
Now, format the partitions in your card:<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
sudo mkfs.vfat -n MemoryCard -F 32 /dev/sdb1<br />
sudo mkfs.ext2 -L AndroidFS /dev/sdb2<br />
</pre><br />
Remove and insert your card again. Your new partitions should be mounted automatically.<br><br />
===Copying data to the MMC/SD card===<br />
Now copy the Android root filesystem to the second partition.<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
sudo rsync -a $ANDROID_SOURCE/rootfs/ /media/AndroidFS/<br />
</pre><br />
Finish by unmounting your MMC/SD partitions:<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
sudo umount /media/MemoryCard<br />
sudo umount /media/AndroidFS<br />
</pre><br />
==Boot setup==<br />
The last thing left to do is to specify how the board boots Linux.<br><br />
In the U-boot prompt, make the mmc boot is on second partition of the MMC/SD card<br />
<pre class="apf"> <br />
# setenv mmcroot '/dev/mmcblk0p2 rw'<br />
</pre><br />
Now set the kernel command line arguments<br />
<pre class="apf"> <br />
# setenv addmmcargs 'setenv bootargs ${bootargs} root=${mmcroot} rootfstype=${mmcrootfstype} init=\init androidboot.console=ttyS0'<br />
# saveenvmtd-utils<br />
</pre><br />
==Debug==<br />
<pre class="apf"> <br />
# mount /dev/mmcblk0p2 /mnt/mmc<br />
# strace -f -ff -tt -s 200 chroot /mnt/mmc /init androidboot.console=ttyS0<br />
# strace chroot /mnt/mmc /init androidboot.console=ttyS0<br />
</pre><br />
===Tester android avec l'emulateur===<br />
[http://developer.android.com/guide/developing/tools/emulator.html emulator]<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ make ARCH=arm goldfish_defconfig<br />
$ make ARCH=arm CROSS_COMPILE=../prebuilt/linux-x86/toolchain/arm-eabi-4.2.1/bin/arm-eabi<br />
# créer des AVD (Android Virtual Device)<br />
$ ~/dev/android-sdk-linux_x86-1.5_r3/tools/android create avd -n APF27-H -t 2 -s 272x480<br />
$ ~/dev/android-sdk-linux_x86-1.5_r3/tools/android create avd -n APF27-L -t 2 -s 480x272<br />
$ $ANDROID/out/host/linux-x86/bin/emulator -avd APF27-H -sysdir $ANDROID/out/target/product/generic/ -kernel $ANDROID/kernel/arch/arm/boot/zImage -data $ANDROID/out/target/product/generic/userdata.img -ramdisk $ANDROID/out/target/product/generic/ramdisk.img -system $ANDROID/out/target/product/generic/system.img<br />
</pre><br />
==Android Root File system==<br />
Android emulator has 3 basic images on tools/lib/images directory.<br />
* '''ramdisk.img''' is gziped cpio archive. ramdisk.img is a small partition image that is mounted read-only by the kernel at boot time. It only contains /init and a few config files. It is used to start init which will mount the rest of the system images properly and run the init procedure. A Ramdisk is a standard Linux feature. It is made just for the Android and do special things to start up the Android system.<br />
* '''system.img''' is a partition image that will be mounted as / and thus contains all system binaries.<br />
* '''userdata.img''' is a partition image that can be mounted as /data and thus contains all application-specific and user-specific data.<br />
'''/system''' directory has libraries and default system packages (*.apk). /data directory has timezone, cache, and ''ApiDemos.apk'' package.<br><br />
The main services are zygote('''/system/bin/app_process'''), runtime('''/system/bin/runtime'''), and dbus('''/system/bin/dbus-daemon'''). You can see the '''/etc/init.rc''' file on the Android ramdisk image.<br />
<pre class="apf"> <br />
...<br />
zygote {<br />
exec /system/bin/app_process<br />
args {<br />
0 -Xzygote<br />
1 /system/bin<br />
2 --zygote<br />
}<br />
autostart 1<br />
}<br />
runtime {<br />
exec /system/bin/runtime<br />
autostart 1<br />
}<br />
...<br />
dbus {<br />
exec /system/bin/dbus-daemon<br />
args.0 --system<br />
args.1 --nofork<br />
autostart 1<br />
}<br />
...<br />
</pre></div>NicolasDhttp://armadeus.org/wiki/index.php?title=User:NicolasD&diff=7145User:NicolasD2009-07-29T15:20:03Z<p>NicolasD: /* Copying the Android root filesystem */</p>
<hr />
<div>Désolé de pourrir les 'recents changes' :)<br />
==Truc utile==<br />
Marre de perdre GRUB lors de la réinstallation de Windows ou de perdre l'accès à Windows après à installer Linux (c'est mon cas)<br><br />
ou tout simplement rendre inaccessible la partition Linux sur votre machine, voici un truc pour installer '''que''' GRUB sur une clé USB<br><br />
''Attention, l'ordre des actions est important''<br />
* Formatter la cle USB en fat32 (gparted)<br />
* Récuperer la liste des disques monter ainsi que leur ID <br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ sudo blkid<br />
/dev/sda1: UUID="CC5C86435C862872" TYPE="ntfs" <br />
/dev/sda5: UUID="aad30bf1-d620-4244-9fb5-42f4a38075fb" TYPE="ext3" <br />
/dev/sda6: TYPE="swap" UUID="e3163bab-1fcc-4bcd-844d-7dcabc35015c" <br />
/dev/sdb1: UUID="4C9D-547F" TYPE="vfat" <br />
</pre><br />
* installer Grub sur la cle USB<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ grub-install --no-floppy --root-directory=/media/disk /dev/sdb1 (remplacer sdb1 par la valeur récupérée avec la commande précédente)<br />
</pre><br />
* demonter le disque USB<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ sudo umount /media/disk<br />
</pre><br />
* Installer le MBR<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ sudo install-mbr /dev/sdb1<br />
</pre><br />
* Mettre le flag boot sur la cle USB (gparted)<br />
<br />
==Banc à sable==<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
==Prerequisites for Linux installation==<br />
===Install needed software packages===<br />
For build kernel image for the apf27 Armadeus plateform, we should install uboot-mkimage program<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ sudo apt-get install uboot-mkimage<br />
</pre><br />
===Update the environment variables===<br />
Theses environment variables install the Android and Armadeus folder in our home directory, but of course, it can be placed anywhere!<br />
<pre class="config"><br />
export ANDROID_SOURCE=~/apf27droid<br />
export ANDROID_SDK=~/android-sdk-linux_x86-1.5_r3<br />
export ARMADEUS=~/armadeus-3.1<br />
export PATH=${PATH}:${ANDROID_SDK}/tools:${ANDROID_SOURCE}/bin<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
==Construction of Android environment==<br />
===Download Android source===<br />
The [http://source.android.com/download getting Android source] document describes how to set up our local work environment. <br />
Follow theses instructions until ''Installing Repo''.<br><br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ mkdir ANDROID_SOURCE<br />
$ cd $ANDROID_SOURCE<br />
$ mkdir bin<br />
$ curl http://android.git.kernel.org/repo >$ANDROID_SOURCE/bin/repo<br />
$ chmod a+x $ANDROID_SOURCE/bin/repo<br />
$ repo init -u git://android.git.kernel.org/platform/manifest.git -b android-sdk-1.5_r3<br />
$ repo sync<br />
</pre><br />
Since android-sdk-1.5_r3 branch, the Linux kernel isn't with the Android source, <br />
We can download it in a compress archive (tar.gz) file with this [http://android.git.kernel.org/?p=kernel/common.git;a=snapshot;h=refs/heads/android-2.6.29;sf=tgz android-kernel-2.6.29] (about (70Mib) or with git repository (more 300Mib)<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ mkdir $ANDROID_SOURCE/kernel<br />
$ cd $ANDROID_SOURCE/kernel<br />
$ git clone git://android.git.kernel.org/kernel/common.git android-2.6.29<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
===Apply the Armadeus patchset===<br />
Je n'ai pas indiqué (a faire) dans les pré-requit, il faut naturelle avoir installé et compilé le projet Armadeus-3.1.<br />
Dans un second temps, j'indiquerai les différentes actions pour ne pas être obliger à compiler le projet Armadeus, notamment pour la rustine patch-2.6.29.4.bz2<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ $ARMADEUS/buildroot/toolchain/patch-kernel.sh $ANDROID_SOURCE/kernel $ARMADEUS/downloads patch-2.6.29.4.bz2<br />
$ $ARMADEUS/buildroot/toolchain/patch-kernel.sh $ANDROID_SOURCE/kernel $ARMADEUS/buildroot/toolchain/kernel-headers linux-2.6.29.4-\*.patch{,.gz,.bz2}<br />
$ $ARMADEUS/buildroot/toolchain/patch-kernel.sh $ANDROID_SOURCE/kernel $ARMADEUS/buildroot/target/device/armadeus/linux/kernel-patches/2.6.29.4 \*.patch{,.gz,.bz2}<br />
$ mkdir $ANDROID_SOURCE/kernel/drivers/armadeus<br />
$ cp -r $ARMADEUS/target/linux/modules/* $ANDROID_SOURCE/kernel/drivers/armadeus<br />
$ cp $ARMADEUS/target/device/armadeus/apf27/apf27-linux-2.6.29.config $ANDROID_SOURCE/kernel/arch/arm/configs/apf27_android_defconfig<br />
</pre><br />
===Battery patch===<br />
At the beginning, reboot happened over again even though Android logo appeared on board.<br />
Result of investigation, we found that battery power was returned with 0 when boot.. <br />
A effectuer!!!!<br />
===update android kernel configuration for APF27===<br />
C'est un point délicat, Google/Android ne donne '''aucune''' informations dessus<br />
<pre class="config"><br />
</pre><br />
===compile Android kernel===<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ cd $ANDROID_SOURCE/kernel<br />
$ make ARCH=arm mrproper<br />
$ make ARCH=arm apf27_android_defconfig<br />
$ make ARCH=arm CROSS_COMPILE=../prebuilt/linux-x86/toolchain/arm-eabi-4.2.1/bin/arm-eabi- uImage<br />
$ cp ./arch/arm/boot/uImage $TFTPBOOT/apf27-linux.bin<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
==Making SD card for boot==<br />
===Copying the Android root filesystem===<br />
Android’s root file system is generated in $ANDROID_SOURCE/out/target/product/generic<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ cd $ANDROID_SOURCE/out/target/product/generic<br />
$ mkdir $ANDROID_SOURCE/rootfs (or '''sudo rm -rf *''' if the folder already exist )<br />
$ cp -a root/* $ANDROID_SOURCE/rootfs/<br />
$ cp -a system/* $ANDROID_SOURCE/rootfs/system/<br />
$ cd $ANDROID_SOURCE/rootfs<br />
$ sudo chown -R root.root .<br />
$ sudo chmod -R a+rwX data system<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
===Change init.rc===<br />
<br />
==modifier les arguments pour le démarage du noyau==<br />
<pre class="apf"> <br />
# setenv mmcroot '/dev/mmcblk0p2 rw'<br />
# setenv addmmcargs 'setenv bootargs ${bootargs} root=${mmcroot} rootfstype=${mmcrootfstype} init=\init androidboot.console=ttyS0'<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
#installer MTD Utilies<br />
sudo apt-get install mtd-utils<br />
mkfs.jffs2 -r ./android-source/out/target/product/generic/system -n -o /tftpboot/apf27-rootfs.arm.jffs2a<br />
<br />
#installer les bibliothèques pour lancer make gconfig<br />
sudo apt-get install libgtk2.0-dev libglib2.0-dev libglade2-dev<br />
<br />
<br />
# modifier le fichier d'init.<br />
/home/rennes/dev/android-source/out/target/product/generic/root/init.rc<br />
<br />
$ cd $YOUR_PATH<br />
$ mkdir rootfs<br />
$ cd rootfs<br />
$ rm -rf *<br />
$ cp -Rfp ../android-source/out/target/product/generic/root/* .<br />
$ cp -Rfp ../android-source/out/target/product/generic/system/ .<br />
$ cp -Rfp ../android-source/out/target/product/generic/data/ .<br />
$ tar cfvz ../apf27-rootfs-android.tar.gz ./<br />
$ cd ..<br />
$ sudo blkid<br />
$ sudo mkfs.ext2 /dev/sdd1 (replace X with your MMC reader drive letter, if your Laptop has an integrated MMC reader then use mmcblk0p1 instead of sdX1)<br />
$ sudo mkdir -p /media/mmc<br />
$ sudo mount /dev/sdd1 /media/mmc <br />
$ sudo tar xvf apf27-rootfs-android.tar.gz -C /media/mmc<br />
$ sudo chmod -R 777 /media/mmc/*<br />
<br />
Sur l'APF27<br />
# mount /dev/mmcblk0p2 /mnt/mmc<br />
# strace -f -ff -tt -s 200 chroot /mnt/mmc /init androidboot.console=ttyS0<br />
# strace chroot /mnt/mmc /init androidboot.console=ttyS0<br />
<br />
# tester android avec l'emulateur<br />
$ make ARCH=arm goldfish_defconfig<br />
$ make ARCH=arm CROSS_COMPILE=../prebuilt/linux-x86/toolchain/arm-eabi-4.2.1/bin/arm-eabi<br />
# créer des AVD (Android Virtual Device)<br />
$ ~/dev/android-sdk-linux_x86-1.5_r3/tools/android create avd -n APF27-H -t 2 -s 272x480<br />
$ ~/dev/android-sdk-linux_x86-1.5_r3/tools/android create avd -n APF27-L -t 2 -s 480x272<br />
# cf http://developer.android.com/guide/developing/tools/emulator.html<br />
$ $ANDROID/out/host/linux-x86/bin/emulator -avd APF27-H -sysdir $ANDROID/out/target/product/generic/ -kernel $ANDROID/kernel/arch/arm/boot/zImage -data $ANDROID/out/target/product/generic/userdata.img -ramdisk $ANDROID/out/target/product/generic/ramdisk.img -system $ANDROID/out/target/product/generic/system.img<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
Android Root File system ¶<br />
<br />
Android emulator has 3 basic images on tools/lib/images directory.<br />
<br />
* ramdisk.img<br />
* system.img<br />
* userdata.img<br />
<br />
ramdisk.img is gziped cpio archive. ramdisk image is very small and contains configuration files, and some executable files such as init and recovery. The init file is not a regular system V init. It is made just for the Android and do special things to start up the Android system.<br />
<br />
system.img and userdata.img are VMS Alpha executable. system.img and userdata.img have the contents of /system and /data directory on root file system. They are mapped on NAND devices with yaffs2 file system. /dev/block/mtdblock0 for /system and /dev/block/mtdblock1 for /data.<br />
<br />
/system directory has libraries and default system packages (*.apk). /data directory has timezone, cache, and ApiDemos.apk package.<br />
<br />
The main services are zygote(/system/bin/app_process), runtime(/system/bin/runtime), and dbus(/system/bin/dbus-daemon). You can see the /etc/init.rc file on the Android ramdisk image.<br />
<br />
...<br />
zygote {<br />
exec /system/bin/app_process<br />
args {<br />
0 -Xzygote<br />
1 /system/bin<br />
2 --zygote<br />
}<br />
autostart 1<br />
}<br />
runtime {<br />
exec /system/bin/runtime<br />
autostart 1<br />
}<br />
...<br />
dbus {<br />
exec /system/bin/dbus-daemon<br />
args.0 --system<br />
args.1 --nofork<br />
autostart 1<br />
}<br />
...<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
Questions on ramdisk, userdata, and system img files<br />
<br />
ramdisk.img is a small partition image that is mounted read-only by the kernel at boot time. It only contains /init and a few config files. It is used to start init which will mount the rest of the system images properly and run the init procedure. A Ramdisk is a standard Linux feature.<br />
<br />
system.img is a partition image that will be mounted as / and thus contains all system binaries<br />
userdata.img is a partition image that can be mounted as /data and thus contains all application-specific and user-specific data.<br />
<br />
The build system generates these files, which can later be flashed to a real device, however the emulator uses them in a different way:<br />
<br />
* system.img is copied into a temporary file, which is used by the emulator session. So any change you make to / as root in the emulator are lost when the program exits<br />
<br />
* userdata.img is only used when you use -wipe-data. Instead, it uses ~/.android/userdata-qemu.img (on Unix) as the persistent /data partition image. Using -wipe-data simply copes the content of userdata.img into userdata-qemu.img</div>NicolasDhttp://armadeus.org/wiki/index.php?title=User:NicolasD&diff=7144User:NicolasD2009-07-29T15:09:57Z<p>NicolasD: /* Copying the Android root filesystem */</p>
<hr />
<div>Désolé de pourrir les 'recents changes' :)<br />
==Truc utile==<br />
Marre de perdre GRUB lors de la réinstallation de Windows ou de perdre l'accès à Windows après à installer Linux (c'est mon cas)<br><br />
ou tout simplement rendre inaccessible la partition Linux sur votre machine, voici un truc pour installer '''que''' GRUB sur une clé USB<br><br />
''Attention, l'ordre des actions est important''<br />
* Formatter la cle USB en fat32 (gparted)<br />
* Récuperer la liste des disques monter ainsi que leur ID <br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ sudo blkid<br />
/dev/sda1: UUID="CC5C86435C862872" TYPE="ntfs" <br />
/dev/sda5: UUID="aad30bf1-d620-4244-9fb5-42f4a38075fb" TYPE="ext3" <br />
/dev/sda6: TYPE="swap" UUID="e3163bab-1fcc-4bcd-844d-7dcabc35015c" <br />
/dev/sdb1: UUID="4C9D-547F" TYPE="vfat" <br />
</pre><br />
* installer Grub sur la cle USB<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ grub-install --no-floppy --root-directory=/media/disk /dev/sdb1 (remplacer sdb1 par la valeur récupérée avec la commande précédente)<br />
</pre><br />
* demonter le disque USB<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ sudo umount /media/disk<br />
</pre><br />
* Installer le MBR<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ sudo install-mbr /dev/sdb1<br />
</pre><br />
* Mettre le flag boot sur la cle USB (gparted)<br />
<br />
==Banc à sable==<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
==Prerequisites for Linux installation==<br />
===Install needed software packages===<br />
For build kernel image for the apf27 Armadeus plateform, we should install uboot-mkimage program<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ sudo apt-get install uboot-mkimage<br />
</pre><br />
===Update the environment variables===<br />
Theses environment variables install the Android and Armadeus folder in our home directory, but of course, it can be placed anywhere!<br />
<pre class="config"><br />
export ANDROID_SOURCE=~/apf27droid<br />
export ANDROID_SDK=~/android-sdk-linux_x86-1.5_r3<br />
export ARMADEUS=~/armadeus-3.1<br />
export PATH=${PATH}:${ANDROID_SDK}/tools:${ANDROID_SOURCE}/bin<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
==Construction of Android environment==<br />
===Download Android source===<br />
The [http://source.android.com/download getting Android source] document describes how to set up our local work environment. <br />
Follow theses instructions until ''Installing Repo''.<br><br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ mkdir ANDROID_SOURCE<br />
$ cd $ANDROID_SOURCE<br />
$ mkdir bin<br />
$ curl http://android.git.kernel.org/repo >$ANDROID_SOURCE/bin/repo<br />
$ chmod a+x $ANDROID_SOURCE/bin/repo<br />
$ repo init -u git://android.git.kernel.org/platform/manifest.git -b android-sdk-1.5_r3<br />
$ repo sync<br />
</pre><br />
Since android-sdk-1.5_r3 branch, the Linux kernel isn't with the Android source, <br />
We can download it in a compress archive (tar.gz) file with this [http://android.git.kernel.org/?p=kernel/common.git;a=snapshot;h=refs/heads/android-2.6.29;sf=tgz android-kernel-2.6.29] (about (70Mib) or with git repository (more 300Mib)<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ mkdir $ANDROID_SOURCE/kernel<br />
$ cd $ANDROID_SOURCE/kernel<br />
$ git clone git://android.git.kernel.org/kernel/common.git android-2.6.29<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
===Apply the Armadeus patchset===<br />
Je n'ai pas indiqué (a faire) dans les pré-requit, il faut naturelle avoir installé et compilé le projet Armadeus-3.1.<br />
Dans un second temps, j'indiquerai les différentes actions pour ne pas être obliger à compiler le projet Armadeus, notamment pour la rustine patch-2.6.29.4.bz2<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ $ARMADEUS/buildroot/toolchain/patch-kernel.sh $ANDROID_SOURCE/kernel $ARMADEUS/downloads patch-2.6.29.4.bz2<br />
$ $ARMADEUS/buildroot/toolchain/patch-kernel.sh $ANDROID_SOURCE/kernel $ARMADEUS/buildroot/toolchain/kernel-headers linux-2.6.29.4-\*.patch{,.gz,.bz2}<br />
$ $ARMADEUS/buildroot/toolchain/patch-kernel.sh $ANDROID_SOURCE/kernel $ARMADEUS/buildroot/target/device/armadeus/linux/kernel-patches/2.6.29.4 \*.patch{,.gz,.bz2}<br />
$ mkdir $ANDROID_SOURCE/kernel/drivers/armadeus<br />
$ cp -r $ARMADEUS/target/linux/modules/* $ANDROID_SOURCE/kernel/drivers/armadeus<br />
$ cp $ARMADEUS/target/device/armadeus/apf27/apf27-linux-2.6.29.config $ANDROID_SOURCE/kernel/arch/arm/configs/apf27_android_defconfig<br />
</pre><br />
===Battery patch===<br />
At the beginning, reboot happened over again even though Android logo appeared on board.<br />
Result of investigation, we found that battery power was returned with 0 when boot.. <br />
A effectuer!!!!<br />
===update android kernel configuration for APF27===<br />
C'est un point délicat, Google/Android ne donne '''aucune''' informations dessus<br />
<pre class="config"><br />
</pre><br />
===compile Android kernel===<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ cd $ANDROID_SOURCE/kernel<br />
$ make ARCH=arm mrproper<br />
$ make ARCH=arm apf27_android_defconfig<br />
$ make ARCH=arm CROSS_COMPILE=../prebuilt/linux-x86/toolchain/arm-eabi-4.2.1/bin/arm-eabi- uImage<br />
$ cp ./arch/arm/boot/uImage $TFTPBOOT/apf27-linux.bin<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
==Making SD card for boot==<br />
===Copying the Android root filesystem===<br />
Android’s root file system is generated in $ANDROID_SOURCE/out/target/product/generic<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ cd $ANDROID_SOURCE/out/target/product/generic<br />
$ mkdir $ANDROID_SOURCE/rootfs<br />
$ cp -a root/* $ANDROID_SOURCE/rootfs/<br />
$ cp -a system/* $ANDROID_SOURCE/rootfs/system/<br />
$ cd $ANDROID_SOURCE/rootfs<br />
$ sudo chown -R root.root .<br />
$ sudo chmod -R a+rwX data system<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
===Change init.rc===<br />
<br />
==modifier les arguments pour le démarage du noyau==<br />
<pre class="apf"> <br />
# setenv mmcroot '/dev/mmcblk0p2 rw'<br />
# setenv addmmcargs 'setenv bootargs ${bootargs} root=${mmcroot} rootfstype=${mmcrootfstype} init=\init androidboot.console=ttyS0'<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
#installer MTD Utilies<br />
sudo apt-get install mtd-utils<br />
mkfs.jffs2 -r ./android-source/out/target/product/generic/system -n -o /tftpboot/apf27-rootfs.arm.jffs2a<br />
<br />
#installer les bibliothèques pour lancer make gconfig<br />
sudo apt-get install libgtk2.0-dev libglib2.0-dev libglade2-dev<br />
<br />
<br />
# modifier le fichier d'init.<br />
/home/rennes/dev/android-source/out/target/product/generic/root/init.rc<br />
<br />
$ cd $YOUR_PATH<br />
$ mkdir rootfs<br />
$ cd rootfs<br />
$ rm -rf *<br />
$ cp -Rfp ../android-source/out/target/product/generic/root/* .<br />
$ cp -Rfp ../android-source/out/target/product/generic/system/ .<br />
$ cp -Rfp ../android-source/out/target/product/generic/data/ .<br />
$ tar cfvz ../apf27-rootfs-android.tar.gz ./<br />
$ cd ..<br />
$ sudo blkid<br />
$ sudo mkfs.ext2 /dev/sdd1 (replace X with your MMC reader drive letter, if your Laptop has an integrated MMC reader then use mmcblk0p1 instead of sdX1)<br />
$ sudo mkdir -p /media/mmc<br />
$ sudo mount /dev/sdd1 /media/mmc <br />
$ sudo tar xvf apf27-rootfs-android.tar.gz -C /media/mmc<br />
$ sudo chmod -R 777 /media/mmc/*<br />
<br />
Sur l'APF27<br />
# mount /dev/mmcblk0p2 /mnt/mmc<br />
# strace -f -ff -tt -s 200 chroot /mnt/mmc /init androidboot.console=ttyS0<br />
# strace chroot /mnt/mmc /init androidboot.console=ttyS0<br />
<br />
# tester android avec l'emulateur<br />
$ make ARCH=arm goldfish_defconfig<br />
$ make ARCH=arm CROSS_COMPILE=../prebuilt/linux-x86/toolchain/arm-eabi-4.2.1/bin/arm-eabi<br />
# créer des AVD (Android Virtual Device)<br />
$ ~/dev/android-sdk-linux_x86-1.5_r3/tools/android create avd -n APF27-H -t 2 -s 272x480<br />
$ ~/dev/android-sdk-linux_x86-1.5_r3/tools/android create avd -n APF27-L -t 2 -s 480x272<br />
# cf http://developer.android.com/guide/developing/tools/emulator.html<br />
$ $ANDROID/out/host/linux-x86/bin/emulator -avd APF27-H -sysdir $ANDROID/out/target/product/generic/ -kernel $ANDROID/kernel/arch/arm/boot/zImage -data $ANDROID/out/target/product/generic/userdata.img -ramdisk $ANDROID/out/target/product/generic/ramdisk.img -system $ANDROID/out/target/product/generic/system.img<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
Android Root File system ¶<br />
<br />
Android emulator has 3 basic images on tools/lib/images directory.<br />
<br />
* ramdisk.img<br />
* system.img<br />
* userdata.img<br />
<br />
ramdisk.img is gziped cpio archive. ramdisk image is very small and contains configuration files, and some executable files such as init and recovery. The init file is not a regular system V init. It is made just for the Android and do special things to start up the Android system.<br />
<br />
system.img and userdata.img are VMS Alpha executable. system.img and userdata.img have the contents of /system and /data directory on root file system. They are mapped on NAND devices with yaffs2 file system. /dev/block/mtdblock0 for /system and /dev/block/mtdblock1 for /data.<br />
<br />
/system directory has libraries and default system packages (*.apk). /data directory has timezone, cache, and ApiDemos.apk package.<br />
<br />
The main services are zygote(/system/bin/app_process), runtime(/system/bin/runtime), and dbus(/system/bin/dbus-daemon). You can see the /etc/init.rc file on the Android ramdisk image.<br />
<br />
...<br />
zygote {<br />
exec /system/bin/app_process<br />
args {<br />
0 -Xzygote<br />
1 /system/bin<br />
2 --zygote<br />
}<br />
autostart 1<br />
}<br />
runtime {<br />
exec /system/bin/runtime<br />
autostart 1<br />
}<br />
...<br />
dbus {<br />
exec /system/bin/dbus-daemon<br />
args.0 --system<br />
args.1 --nofork<br />
autostart 1<br />
}<br />
...<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
Questions on ramdisk, userdata, and system img files<br />
<br />
ramdisk.img is a small partition image that is mounted read-only by the kernel at boot time. It only contains /init and a few config files. It is used to start init which will mount the rest of the system images properly and run the init procedure. A Ramdisk is a standard Linux feature.<br />
<br />
system.img is a partition image that will be mounted as / and thus contains all system binaries<br />
userdata.img is a partition image that can be mounted as /data and thus contains all application-specific and user-specific data.<br />
<br />
The build system generates these files, which can later be flashed to a real device, however the emulator uses them in a different way:<br />
<br />
* system.img is copied into a temporary file, which is used by the emulator session. So any change you make to / as root in the emulator are lost when the program exits<br />
<br />
* userdata.img is only used when you use -wipe-data. Instead, it uses ~/.android/userdata-qemu.img (on Unix) as the persistent /data partition image. Using -wipe-data simply copes the content of userdata.img into userdata-qemu.img</div>NicolasDhttp://armadeus.org/wiki/index.php?title=User:NicolasD&diff=7143User:NicolasD2009-07-29T14:53:21Z<p>NicolasD: /* Construction of Android environment */</p>
<hr />
<div>Désolé de pourrir les 'recents changes' :)<br />
==Truc utile==<br />
Marre de perdre GRUB lors de la réinstallation de Windows ou de perdre l'accès à Windows après à installer Linux (c'est mon cas)<br><br />
ou tout simplement rendre inaccessible la partition Linux sur votre machine, voici un truc pour installer '''que''' GRUB sur une clé USB<br><br />
''Attention, l'ordre des actions est important''<br />
* Formatter la cle USB en fat32 (gparted)<br />
* Récuperer la liste des disques monter ainsi que leur ID <br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ sudo blkid<br />
/dev/sda1: UUID="CC5C86435C862872" TYPE="ntfs" <br />
/dev/sda5: UUID="aad30bf1-d620-4244-9fb5-42f4a38075fb" TYPE="ext3" <br />
/dev/sda6: TYPE="swap" UUID="e3163bab-1fcc-4bcd-844d-7dcabc35015c" <br />
/dev/sdb1: UUID="4C9D-547F" TYPE="vfat" <br />
</pre><br />
* installer Grub sur la cle USB<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ grub-install --no-floppy --root-directory=/media/disk /dev/sdb1 (remplacer sdb1 par la valeur récupérée avec la commande précédente)<br />
</pre><br />
* demonter le disque USB<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ sudo umount /media/disk<br />
</pre><br />
* Installer le MBR<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ sudo install-mbr /dev/sdb1<br />
</pre><br />
* Mettre le flag boot sur la cle USB (gparted)<br />
<br />
==Banc à sable==<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
==Prerequisites for Linux installation==<br />
===Install needed software packages===<br />
For build kernel image for the apf27 Armadeus plateform, we should install uboot-mkimage program<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ sudo apt-get install uboot-mkimage<br />
</pre><br />
===Update the environment variables===<br />
Theses environment variables install the Android and Armadeus folder in our home directory, but of course, it can be placed anywhere!<br />
<pre class="config"><br />
export ANDROID_SOURCE=~/apf27droid<br />
export ANDROID_SDK=~/android-sdk-linux_x86-1.5_r3<br />
export ARMADEUS=~/armadeus-3.1<br />
export PATH=${PATH}:${ANDROID_SDK}/tools:${ANDROID_SOURCE}/bin<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
==Construction of Android environment==<br />
===Download Android source===<br />
The [http://source.android.com/download getting Android source] document describes how to set up our local work environment. <br />
Follow theses instructions until ''Installing Repo''.<br><br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ mkdir ANDROID_SOURCE<br />
$ cd $ANDROID_SOURCE<br />
$ mkdir bin<br />
$ curl http://android.git.kernel.org/repo >$ANDROID_SOURCE/bin/repo<br />
$ chmod a+x $ANDROID_SOURCE/bin/repo<br />
$ repo init -u git://android.git.kernel.org/platform/manifest.git -b android-sdk-1.5_r3<br />
$ repo sync<br />
</pre><br />
Since android-sdk-1.5_r3 branch, the Linux kernel isn't with the Android source, <br />
We can download it in a compress archive (tar.gz) file with this [http://android.git.kernel.org/?p=kernel/common.git;a=snapshot;h=refs/heads/android-2.6.29;sf=tgz android-kernel-2.6.29] (about (70Mib) or with git repository (more 300Mib)<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ mkdir $ANDROID_SOURCE/kernel<br />
$ cd $ANDROID_SOURCE/kernel<br />
$ git clone git://android.git.kernel.org/kernel/common.git android-2.6.29<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
===Apply the Armadeus patchset===<br />
Je n'ai pas indiqué (a faire) dans les pré-requit, il faut naturelle avoir installé et compilé le projet Armadeus-3.1.<br />
Dans un second temps, j'indiquerai les différentes actions pour ne pas être obliger à compiler le projet Armadeus, notamment pour la rustine patch-2.6.29.4.bz2<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ $ARMADEUS/buildroot/toolchain/patch-kernel.sh $ANDROID_SOURCE/kernel $ARMADEUS/downloads patch-2.6.29.4.bz2<br />
$ $ARMADEUS/buildroot/toolchain/patch-kernel.sh $ANDROID_SOURCE/kernel $ARMADEUS/buildroot/toolchain/kernel-headers linux-2.6.29.4-\*.patch{,.gz,.bz2}<br />
$ $ARMADEUS/buildroot/toolchain/patch-kernel.sh $ANDROID_SOURCE/kernel $ARMADEUS/buildroot/target/device/armadeus/linux/kernel-patches/2.6.29.4 \*.patch{,.gz,.bz2}<br />
$ mkdir $ANDROID_SOURCE/kernel/drivers/armadeus<br />
$ cp -r $ARMADEUS/target/linux/modules/* $ANDROID_SOURCE/kernel/drivers/armadeus<br />
$ cp $ARMADEUS/target/device/armadeus/apf27/apf27-linux-2.6.29.config $ANDROID_SOURCE/kernel/arch/arm/configs/apf27_android_defconfig<br />
</pre><br />
===Battery patch===<br />
At the beginning, reboot happened over again even though Android logo appeared on board.<br />
Result of investigation, we found that battery power was returned with 0 when boot.. <br />
A effectuer!!!!<br />
===update android kernel configuration for APF27===<br />
C'est un point délicat, Google/Android ne donne '''aucune''' informations dessus<br />
<pre class="config"><br />
</pre><br />
===compile Android kernel===<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ cd $ANDROID_SOURCE/kernel<br />
$ make ARCH=arm mrproper<br />
$ make ARCH=arm apf27_android_defconfig<br />
$ make ARCH=arm CROSS_COMPILE=../prebuilt/linux-x86/toolchain/arm-eabi-4.2.1/bin/arm-eabi- uImage<br />
$ cp ./arch/arm/boot/uImage $TFTPBOOT/apf27-linux.bin<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
==Making SD card for boot==<br />
===Steps to make===<br />
===Change init.rc===<br />
<br />
==modifier les arguments pour le démarage du noyau==<br />
<pre class="apf"> <br />
# setenv mmcroot '/dev/mmcblk0p2 rw'<br />
# setenv addmmcargs 'setenv bootargs ${bootargs} root=${mmcroot} rootfstype=${mmcrootfstype} init=\init androidboot.console=ttyS0'<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
#installer MTD Utilies<br />
sudo apt-get install mtd-utils<br />
mkfs.jffs2 -r ./android-source/out/target/product/generic/system -n -o /tftpboot/apf27-rootfs.arm.jffs2a<br />
<br />
#installer les bibliothèques pour lancer make gconfig<br />
sudo apt-get install libgtk2.0-dev libglib2.0-dev libglade2-dev<br />
<br />
<br />
# modifier le fichier d'init.<br />
/home/rennes/dev/android-source/out/target/product/generic/root/init.rc<br />
<br />
$ cd $YOUR_PATH<br />
$ mkdir rootfs<br />
$ cd rootfs<br />
$ rm -rf *<br />
$ cp -Rfp ../android-source/out/target/product/generic/root/* .<br />
$ cp -Rfp ../android-source/out/target/product/generic/system/ .<br />
$ cp -Rfp ../android-source/out/target/product/generic/data/ .<br />
$ tar cfvz ../apf27-rootfs-android.tar.gz ./<br />
$ cd ..<br />
$ sudo blkid<br />
$ sudo mkfs.ext2 /dev/sdd1 (replace X with your MMC reader drive letter, if your Laptop has an integrated MMC reader then use mmcblk0p1 instead of sdX1)<br />
$ sudo mkdir -p /media/mmc<br />
$ sudo mount /dev/sdd1 /media/mmc <br />
$ sudo tar xvf apf27-rootfs-android.tar.gz -C /media/mmc<br />
$ sudo chmod -R 777 /media/mmc/*<br />
<br />
Sur l'APF27<br />
# mount /dev/mmcblk0p2 /mnt/mmc<br />
# strace -f -ff -tt -s 200 chroot /mnt/mmc /init androidboot.console=ttyS0<br />
# strace chroot /mnt/mmc /init androidboot.console=ttyS0<br />
<br />
# tester android avec l'emulateur<br />
$ make ARCH=arm goldfish_defconfig<br />
$ make ARCH=arm CROSS_COMPILE=../prebuilt/linux-x86/toolchain/arm-eabi-4.2.1/bin/arm-eabi<br />
# créer des AVD (Android Virtual Device)<br />
$ ~/dev/android-sdk-linux_x86-1.5_r3/tools/android create avd -n APF27-H -t 2 -s 272x480<br />
$ ~/dev/android-sdk-linux_x86-1.5_r3/tools/android create avd -n APF27-L -t 2 -s 480x272<br />
# cf http://developer.android.com/guide/developing/tools/emulator.html<br />
$ $ANDROID/out/host/linux-x86/bin/emulator -avd APF27-H -sysdir $ANDROID/out/target/product/generic/ -kernel $ANDROID/kernel/arch/arm/boot/zImage -data $ANDROID/out/target/product/generic/userdata.img -ramdisk $ANDROID/out/target/product/generic/ramdisk.img -system $ANDROID/out/target/product/generic/system.img<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
Android Root File system ¶<br />
<br />
Android emulator has 3 basic images on tools/lib/images directory.<br />
<br />
* ramdisk.img<br />
* system.img<br />
* userdata.img<br />
<br />
ramdisk.img is gziped cpio archive. ramdisk image is very small and contains configuration files, and some executable files such as init and recovery. The init file is not a regular system V init. It is made just for the Android and do special things to start up the Android system.<br />
<br />
system.img and userdata.img are VMS Alpha executable. system.img and userdata.img have the contents of /system and /data directory on root file system. They are mapped on NAND devices with yaffs2 file system. /dev/block/mtdblock0 for /system and /dev/block/mtdblock1 for /data.<br />
<br />
/system directory has libraries and default system packages (*.apk). /data directory has timezone, cache, and ApiDemos.apk package.<br />
<br />
The main services are zygote(/system/bin/app_process), runtime(/system/bin/runtime), and dbus(/system/bin/dbus-daemon). You can see the /etc/init.rc file on the Android ramdisk image.<br />
<br />
...<br />
zygote {<br />
exec /system/bin/app_process<br />
args {<br />
0 -Xzygote<br />
1 /system/bin<br />
2 --zygote<br />
}<br />
autostart 1<br />
}<br />
runtime {<br />
exec /system/bin/runtime<br />
autostart 1<br />
}<br />
...<br />
dbus {<br />
exec /system/bin/dbus-daemon<br />
args.0 --system<br />
args.1 --nofork<br />
autostart 1<br />
}<br />
...<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
Questions on ramdisk, userdata, and system img files<br />
<br />
ramdisk.img is a small partition image that is mounted read-only by the kernel at boot time. It only contains /init and a few config files. It is used to start init which will mount the rest of the system images properly and run the init procedure. A Ramdisk is a standard Linux feature.<br />
<br />
system.img is a partition image that will be mounted as / and thus contains all system binaries<br />
userdata.img is a partition image that can be mounted as /data and thus contains all application-specific and user-specific data.<br />
<br />
The build system generates these files, which can later be flashed to a real device, however the emulator uses them in a different way:<br />
<br />
* system.img is copied into a temporary file, which is used by the emulator session. So any change you make to / as root in the emulator are lost when the program exits<br />
<br />
* userdata.img is only used when you use -wipe-data. Instead, it uses ~/.android/userdata-qemu.img (on Unix) as the persistent /data partition image. Using -wipe-data simply copes the content of userdata.img into userdata-qemu.img</div>NicolasDhttp://armadeus.org/wiki/index.php?title=User:NicolasD&diff=7142User:NicolasD2009-07-29T14:15:34Z<p>NicolasD: /* Download Android source */</p>
<hr />
<div>Désolé de pourrir les 'recents changes' :)<br />
==Truc utile==<br />
Marre de perdre GRUB lors de la réinstallation de Windows ou de perdre l'accès à Windows après à installer Linux (c'est mon cas)<br><br />
ou tout simplement rendre inaccessible la partition Linux sur votre machine, voici un truc pour installer '''que''' GRUB sur une clé USB<br><br />
''Attention, l'ordre des actions est important''<br />
* Formatter la cle USB en fat32 (gparted)<br />
* Récuperer la liste des disques monter ainsi que leur ID <br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ sudo blkid<br />
/dev/sda1: UUID="CC5C86435C862872" TYPE="ntfs" <br />
/dev/sda5: UUID="aad30bf1-d620-4244-9fb5-42f4a38075fb" TYPE="ext3" <br />
/dev/sda6: TYPE="swap" UUID="e3163bab-1fcc-4bcd-844d-7dcabc35015c" <br />
/dev/sdb1: UUID="4C9D-547F" TYPE="vfat" <br />
</pre><br />
* installer Grub sur la cle USB<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ grub-install --no-floppy --root-directory=/media/disk /dev/sdb1 (remplacer sdb1 par la valeur récupérée avec la commande précédente)<br />
</pre><br />
* demonter le disque USB<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ sudo umount /media/disk<br />
</pre><br />
* Installer le MBR<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ sudo install-mbr /dev/sdb1<br />
</pre><br />
* Mettre le flag boot sur la cle USB (gparted)<br />
<br />
==Banc à sable==<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
==Prerequisites for Linux installation==<br />
===Install needed software packages===<br />
For build kernel image for the apf27 Armadeus plateform, we should install uboot-mkimage program<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ sudo apt-get install uboot-mkimage<br />
</pre><br />
===Update the environment variables===<br />
Theses environment variables install the Android and Armadeus folder in our home directory, but of course, it can be placed anywhere!<br />
<pre class="config"><br />
export ANDROID_SOURCE=~/apf27droid<br />
export ANDROID_SDK=~/android-sdk-linux_x86-1.5_r3<br />
export ARMADEUS=~/armadeus-3.1<br />
export PATH=${PATH}:${ANDROID_SDK}/tools:${ANDROID_SOURCE}/bin<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
==Download Android source==<br />
The [http://source.android.com/download getting Android source] document describes how to set up our local work environment. <br />
Follow theses instructions until ''Installing Repo''.<br><br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ mkdir ANDROID_SOURCE<br />
$ cd $ANDROID_SOURCE<br />
$ mkdir bin<br />
$ curl http://android.git.kernel.org/repo >$ANDROID_SOURCE/bin/repo<br />
$ chmod a+x $ANDROID_SOURCE/bin/repo<br />
$ repo init -u git://android.git.kernel.org/platform/manifest.git -b android-sdk-1.5_r3<br />
$ repo sync<br />
</pre><br />
Since android-sdk-1.5_r3 branch, the Linux kernel isn't with the Android source, <br />
We can download it in a compress archive (tar.gz) file with this [http://android.git.kernel.org/?p=kernel/common.git;a=snapshot;h=refs/heads/android-2.6.29;sf=tgz android-kernel-2.6.29] (about (70Mib) or with git repository (more 300Mib)<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ mkdir $ANDROID_SOURCE/kernel<br />
$ cd $ANDROID_SOURCE/kernel<br />
$ git clone git://android.git.kernel.org/kernel/common.git android-2.6.29<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
===patch Android kernel source===<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ $ARMADEUS/buildroot/toolchain/patch-kernel.sh $ANDROID_SOURCE/kernel $ARMADEUS/downloads patch-2.6.29.4.bz2<br />
$ $ARMADEUS/buildroot/toolchain/patch-kernel.sh $ANDROID_SOURCE/kernel $ARMADEUS/buildroot/toolchain/kernel-headers linux-2.6.29.4-\*.patch{,.gz,.bz2}<br />
$ $ARMADEUS/buildroot/toolchain/patch-kernel.sh $ANDROID_SOURCE/kernel $ARMADEUS/buildroot/target/device/armadeus/linux/kernel-patches/2.6.29.4 \*.patch{,.gz,.bz2}<br />
$ mkdir $ANDROID_SOURCE/kernel/drivers/armadeus<br />
$ cp -r $ARMADEUS/target/linux/modules/* $ANDROID_SOURCE/kernel/drivers/armadeus<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
===compil Android kernel===<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ cd $ANDROID_SOURCE/kernel<br />
$ make ARCH=arm CROSS_COMPILE=../prebuilt/linux-x86/toolchain/arm-eabi-4.2.1/bin/arm-eabi- uImage<br />
$ cp ./arch/arm/boot/uImage $TFTPBOOT/apf27-linux.bin<br />
</pre><br />
==modifier les arguments pour le démarage du noyau==<br />
<pre class="apf"> <br />
# setenv mmcroot '/dev/mmcblk0p2 rw'<br />
# setenv addmmcargs 'setenv bootargs ${bootargs} root=${mmcroot} rootfstype=${mmcrootfstype} init=\init androidboot.console=ttyS0'<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
#installer MTD Utilies<br />
sudo apt-get install mtd-utils<br />
mkfs.jffs2 -r ./android-source/out/target/product/generic/system -n -o /tftpboot/apf27-rootfs.arm.jffs2a<br />
<br />
#installer les bibliothèques pour lancer make gconfig<br />
sudo apt-get install libgtk2.0-dev libglib2.0-dev libglade2-dev<br />
<br />
<br />
# modifier le fichier d'init.<br />
/home/rennes/dev/android-source/out/target/product/generic/root/init.rc<br />
<br />
$ cd $YOUR_PATH<br />
$ mkdir rootfs<br />
$ cd rootfs<br />
$ rm -rf *<br />
$ cp -Rfp ../android-source/out/target/product/generic/root/* .<br />
$ cp -Rfp ../android-source/out/target/product/generic/system/ .<br />
$ cp -Rfp ../android-source/out/target/product/generic/data/ .<br />
$ tar cfvz ../apf27-rootfs-android.tar.gz ./<br />
$ cd ..<br />
$ sudo blkid<br />
$ sudo mkfs.ext2 /dev/sdd1 (replace X with your MMC reader drive letter, if your Laptop has an integrated MMC reader then use mmcblk0p1 instead of sdX1)<br />
$ sudo mkdir -p /media/mmc<br />
$ sudo mount /dev/sdd1 /media/mmc <br />
$ sudo tar xvf apf27-rootfs-android.tar.gz -C /media/mmc<br />
$ sudo chmod -R 777 /media/mmc/*<br />
<br />
Sur l'APF27<br />
# mount /dev/mmcblk0p2 /mnt/mmc<br />
# strace -f -ff -tt -s 200 chroot /mnt/mmc /init androidboot.console=ttyS0<br />
# strace chroot /mnt/mmc /init androidboot.console=ttyS0<br />
<br />
# tester android avec l'emulateur<br />
$ make ARCH=arm goldfish_defconfig<br />
$ make ARCH=arm CROSS_COMPILE=../prebuilt/linux-x86/toolchain/arm-eabi-4.2.1/bin/arm-eabi<br />
# créer des AVD (Android Virtual Device)<br />
$ ~/dev/android-sdk-linux_x86-1.5_r3/tools/android create avd -n APF27-H -t 2 -s 272x480<br />
$ ~/dev/android-sdk-linux_x86-1.5_r3/tools/android create avd -n APF27-L -t 2 -s 480x272<br />
# cf http://developer.android.com/guide/developing/tools/emulator.html<br />
$ $ANDROID/out/host/linux-x86/bin/emulator -avd APF27-H -sysdir $ANDROID/out/target/product/generic/ -kernel $ANDROID/kernel/arch/arm/boot/zImage -data $ANDROID/out/target/product/generic/userdata.img -ramdisk $ANDROID/out/target/product/generic/ramdisk.img -system $ANDROID/out/target/product/generic/system.img<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
Android Root File system ¶<br />
<br />
Android emulator has 3 basic images on tools/lib/images directory.<br />
<br />
* ramdisk.img<br />
* system.img<br />
* userdata.img<br />
<br />
ramdisk.img is gziped cpio archive. ramdisk image is very small and contains configuration files, and some executable files such as init and recovery. The init file is not a regular system V init. It is made just for the Android and do special things to start up the Android system.<br />
<br />
system.img and userdata.img are VMS Alpha executable. system.img and userdata.img have the contents of /system and /data directory on root file system. They are mapped on NAND devices with yaffs2 file system. /dev/block/mtdblock0 for /system and /dev/block/mtdblock1 for /data.<br />
<br />
/system directory has libraries and default system packages (*.apk). /data directory has timezone, cache, and ApiDemos.apk package.<br />
<br />
The main services are zygote(/system/bin/app_process), runtime(/system/bin/runtime), and dbus(/system/bin/dbus-daemon). You can see the /etc/init.rc file on the Android ramdisk image.<br />
<br />
...<br />
zygote {<br />
exec /system/bin/app_process<br />
args {<br />
0 -Xzygote<br />
1 /system/bin<br />
2 --zygote<br />
}<br />
autostart 1<br />
}<br />
runtime {<br />
exec /system/bin/runtime<br />
autostart 1<br />
}<br />
...<br />
dbus {<br />
exec /system/bin/dbus-daemon<br />
args.0 --system<br />
args.1 --nofork<br />
autostart 1<br />
}<br />
...<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
Questions on ramdisk, userdata, and system img files<br />
<br />
ramdisk.img is a small partition image that is mounted read-only by the kernel at boot time. It only contains /init and a few config files. It is used to start init which will mount the rest of the system images properly and run the init procedure. A Ramdisk is a standard Linux feature.<br />
<br />
system.img is a partition image that will be mounted as / and thus contains all system binaries<br />
userdata.img is a partition image that can be mounted as /data and thus contains all application-specific and user-specific data.<br />
<br />
The build system generates these files, which can later be flashed to a real device, however the emulator uses them in a different way:<br />
<br />
* system.img is copied into a temporary file, which is used by the emulator session. So any change you make to / as root in the emulator are lost when the program exits<br />
<br />
* userdata.img is only used when you use -wipe-data. Instead, it uses ~/.android/userdata-qemu.img (on Unix) as the persistent /data partition image. Using -wipe-data simply copes the content of userdata.img into userdata-qemu.img</div>NicolasDhttp://armadeus.org/wiki/index.php?title=User:NicolasD&diff=7141User:NicolasD2009-07-29T13:45:37Z<p>NicolasD: /* Update the environment variables */</p>
<hr />
<div>Désolé de pourrir les 'recents changes' :)<br />
==Truc utile==<br />
Marre de perdre GRUB lors de la réinstallation de Windows ou de perdre l'accès à Windows après à installer Linux (c'est mon cas)<br><br />
ou tout simplement rendre inaccessible la partition Linux sur votre machine, voici un truc pour installer '''que''' GRUB sur une clé USB<br><br />
''Attention, l'ordre des actions est important''<br />
* Formatter la cle USB en fat32 (gparted)<br />
* Récuperer la liste des disques monter ainsi que leur ID <br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ sudo blkid<br />
/dev/sda1: UUID="CC5C86435C862872" TYPE="ntfs" <br />
/dev/sda5: UUID="aad30bf1-d620-4244-9fb5-42f4a38075fb" TYPE="ext3" <br />
/dev/sda6: TYPE="swap" UUID="e3163bab-1fcc-4bcd-844d-7dcabc35015c" <br />
/dev/sdb1: UUID="4C9D-547F" TYPE="vfat" <br />
</pre><br />
* installer Grub sur la cle USB<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ grub-install --no-floppy --root-directory=/media/disk /dev/sdb1 (remplacer sdb1 par la valeur récupérée avec la commande précédente)<br />
</pre><br />
* demonter le disque USB<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ sudo umount /media/disk<br />
</pre><br />
* Installer le MBR<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ sudo install-mbr /dev/sdb1<br />
</pre><br />
* Mettre le flag boot sur la cle USB (gparted)<br />
<br />
==Banc à sable==<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
==Prerequisites for Linux installation==<br />
===Install needed software packages===<br />
For build kernel image for the apf27 Armadeus plateform, we should install uboot-mkimage program<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ sudo apt-get install uboot-mkimage<br />
</pre><br />
===Update the environment variables===<br />
Theses environment variables install the Android and Armadeus folder in our home directory, but of course, it can be placed anywhere!<br />
<pre class="config"><br />
export ANDROID_SOURCE=~/apf27droid<br />
export ANDROID_SDK=~/android-sdk-linux_x86-1.5_r3<br />
export ARMADEUS=~/armadeus-3.1<br />
export PATH=${PATH}:${ANDROID_SDK}/tools:${ANDROID_SOURCE}/bin<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
==Download Android source==<br />
The [http://source.android.com/download getting Android source] document describes how to set up our local work environment. <br />
Follow theses instructions until ''Installing Repo''.<br><br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ mkdir ANDROID_SOURCE<br />
$ cd $ANDROID_SOURCE<br />
$ mkdir bin<br />
$ curl http://android.git.kernel.org/repo >$ANDROID_SOURCE/bin/repo<br />
$ chmod a+x $ANDROID_SOURCE/bin/repo<br />
$ repo init -u git://android.git.kernel.org/platform/manifest.git -b android-sdk-1.5_r3<br />
$ repo sync<br />
</pre><br />
Since android-sdk-1.5_r3 branch, the Linux kernel isn't with the Android source, <br />
We can download it in a compress archive (tar.gz) file with this [http://android.git.kernel.org/?p=kernel/common.git;a=snapshot;h=refs/heads/android-2.6.29;sf=tgz android-kernel-2.6.29] (about (70Mib) or with git repository (more 300Mib)<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ mkdir $ANDROID_SOURCE/kernel<br />
cd $ANDROID_SOURCE/kernel<br />
git clone git://android.git.kernel.org/kernel/common.git android-2.6.29<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
<br />
#/home/rennes/dev/armadeus-3.1/downloads/<br />
./patch-kernel.sh /home/rennes/dev/android-source/kernel . patch-2.6.29.4.bz2<br />
#/home/rennes/dev/armadeus-3.1/buildroot/toolchain/kernel-headers<br />
./patch-kernel.sh /home/rennes/dev/android-source/kernel ./kernel-headers linux-2.6.29.4-\*.patch{,.gz,.bz2}<br />
#/home/rennes/dev/armadeus-3.1/buildroot/target/device/armadeus/linux/kernel-patches/2.6.29.4<br />
./patch-kernel.sh /home/rennes/dev/android-source/kernel ./2.6.29 \*.patch{,.gz,.bz2}<br />
mkdir /home/rennes/dev/android-source/kernel/drivers/armadeus<br />
cp -r /home/rennes/dev/armadeus-3.1/target/linux/modules/* /home/rennes/dev/android-source/kernel/drivers/armadeus<br />
<br />
make ARCH=arm CROSS_COMPILE=../prebuilt/linux-x86/toolchain/arm-eabi-4.2.1/bin/arm-eabi- uImage<br />
cp ./arch/arm/boot/uImage /tftpboot/apf27-linux.bin<br />
<br />
# modifier les arguments pour le démarage du noyau<br />
setenv bootargs console=ttySMX0,115200 mtdparts=mxc_nand.0:640k(U-boot)ro,384k(U-boot_env),512k(firmware),5M(kernel),-(rootfs) root=/dev/mtdblock4 rootfstype=jffs2 ip=192.168.1.24:192.168.1.189:192.168.1.1:255.255.255.0:apf27::off<br />
setenv mmcroot '/dev/mmcblk0p2 rw'<br />
setenv addmmcargs 'setenv bootargs ${bootargs} root=${mmcroot} rootfstype=${mmcrootfstype} init=\init androidboot.console=ttyS0'<br />
<br />
#installer MTD Utilies<br />
sudo apt-get install mtd-utils<br />
mkfs.jffs2 -r ./android-source/out/target/product/generic/system -n -o /tftpboot/apf27-rootfs.arm.jffs2a<br />
<br />
#installer les bibliothèques pour lancer make gconfig<br />
sudo apt-get install libgtk2.0-dev libglib2.0-dev libglade2-dev<br />
<br />
<br />
# modifier le fichier d'init.<br />
/home/rennes/dev/android-source/out/target/product/generic/root/init.rc<br />
<br />
$ cd $YOUR_PATH<br />
$ mkdir rootfs<br />
$ cd rootfs<br />
$ rm -rf *<br />
$ cp -Rfp ../android-source/out/target/product/generic/root/* .<br />
$ cp -Rfp ../android-source/out/target/product/generic/system/ .<br />
$ cp -Rfp ../android-source/out/target/product/generic/data/ .<br />
$ tar cfvz ../apf27-rootfs-android.tar.gz ./<br />
$ cd ..<br />
$ sudo blkid<br />
$ sudo mkfs.ext2 /dev/sdd1 (replace X with your MMC reader drive letter, if your Laptop has an integrated MMC reader then use mmcblk0p1 instead of sdX1)<br />
$ sudo mkdir -p /media/mmc<br />
$ sudo mount /dev/sdd1 /media/mmc <br />
$ sudo tar xvf apf27-rootfs-android.tar.gz -C /media/mmc<br />
$ sudo chmod -R 777 /media/mmc/*<br />
<br />
Sur l'APF27<br />
# mount /dev/mmcblk0p2 /mnt/mmc<br />
# strace -f -ff -tt -s 200 chroot /mnt/mmc /init androidboot.console=ttyS0<br />
# strace chroot /mnt/mmc /init androidboot.console=ttyS0<br />
<br />
# tester android avec l'emulateur<br />
$ make ARCH=arm goldfish_defconfig<br />
$ make ARCH=arm CROSS_COMPILE=../prebuilt/linux-x86/toolchain/arm-eabi-4.2.1/bin/arm-eabi<br />
# créer des AVD (Android Virtual Device)<br />
$ ~/dev/android-sdk-linux_x86-1.5_r3/tools/android create avd -n APF27-H -t 2 -s 272x480<br />
$ ~/dev/android-sdk-linux_x86-1.5_r3/tools/android create avd -n APF27-L -t 2 -s 480x272<br />
# cf http://developer.android.com/guide/developing/tools/emulator.html<br />
$ $ANDROID/out/host/linux-x86/bin/emulator -avd APF27-H -sysdir $ANDROID/out/target/product/generic/ -kernel $ANDROID/kernel/arch/arm/boot/zImage -data $ANDROID/out/target/product/generic/userdata.img -ramdisk $ANDROID/out/target/product/generic/ramdisk.img -system $ANDROID/out/target/product/generic/system.img<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
Android Root File system ¶<br />
<br />
Android emulator has 3 basic images on tools/lib/images directory.<br />
<br />
* ramdisk.img<br />
* system.img<br />
* userdata.img<br />
<br />
ramdisk.img is gziped cpio archive. ramdisk image is very small and contains configuration files, and some executable files such as init and recovery. The init file is not a regular system V init. It is made just for the Android and do special things to start up the Android system.<br />
<br />
system.img and userdata.img are VMS Alpha executable. system.img and userdata.img have the contents of /system and /data directory on root file system. They are mapped on NAND devices with yaffs2 file system. /dev/block/mtdblock0 for /system and /dev/block/mtdblock1 for /data.<br />
<br />
/system directory has libraries and default system packages (*.apk). /data directory has timezone, cache, and ApiDemos.apk package.<br />
<br />
The main services are zygote(/system/bin/app_process), runtime(/system/bin/runtime), and dbus(/system/bin/dbus-daemon). You can see the /etc/init.rc file on the Android ramdisk image.<br />
<br />
...<br />
zygote {<br />
exec /system/bin/app_process<br />
args {<br />
0 -Xzygote<br />
1 /system/bin<br />
2 --zygote<br />
}<br />
autostart 1<br />
}<br />
runtime {<br />
exec /system/bin/runtime<br />
autostart 1<br />
}<br />
...<br />
dbus {<br />
exec /system/bin/dbus-daemon<br />
args.0 --system<br />
args.1 --nofork<br />
autostart 1<br />
}<br />
...<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
Questions on ramdisk, userdata, and system img files<br />
<br />
ramdisk.img is a small partition image that is mounted read-only by the kernel at boot time. It only contains /init and a few config files. It is used to start init which will mount the rest of the system images properly and run the init procedure. A Ramdisk is a standard Linux feature.<br />
<br />
system.img is a partition image that will be mounted as / and thus contains all system binaries<br />
userdata.img is a partition image that can be mounted as /data and thus contains all application-specific and user-specific data.<br />
<br />
The build system generates these files, which can later be flashed to a real device, however the emulator uses them in a different way:<br />
<br />
* system.img is copied into a temporary file, which is used by the emulator session. So any change you make to / as root in the emulator are lost when the program exits<br />
<br />
* userdata.img is only used when you use -wipe-data. Instead, it uses ~/.android/userdata-qemu.img (on Unix) as the persistent /data partition image. Using -wipe-data simply copes the content of userdata.img into userdata-qemu.img</div>NicolasDhttp://armadeus.org/wiki/index.php?title=User:NicolasD&diff=7140User:NicolasD2009-07-29T13:31:23Z<p>NicolasD: /* Download Android source */</p>
<hr />
<div>Désolé de pourrir les 'recents changes' :)<br />
==Truc utile==<br />
Marre de perdre GRUB lors de la réinstallation de Windows ou de perdre l'accès à Windows après à installer Linux (c'est mon cas)<br><br />
ou tout simplement rendre inaccessible la partition Linux sur votre machine, voici un truc pour installer '''que''' GRUB sur une clé USB<br><br />
''Attention, l'ordre des actions est important''<br />
* Formatter la cle USB en fat32 (gparted)<br />
* Récuperer la liste des disques monter ainsi que leur ID <br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ sudo blkid<br />
/dev/sda1: UUID="CC5C86435C862872" TYPE="ntfs" <br />
/dev/sda5: UUID="aad30bf1-d620-4244-9fb5-42f4a38075fb" TYPE="ext3" <br />
/dev/sda6: TYPE="swap" UUID="e3163bab-1fcc-4bcd-844d-7dcabc35015c" <br />
/dev/sdb1: UUID="4C9D-547F" TYPE="vfat" <br />
</pre><br />
* installer Grub sur la cle USB<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ grub-install --no-floppy --root-directory=/media/disk /dev/sdb1 (remplacer sdb1 par la valeur récupérée avec la commande précédente)<br />
</pre><br />
* demonter le disque USB<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ sudo umount /media/disk<br />
</pre><br />
* Installer le MBR<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ sudo install-mbr /dev/sdb1<br />
</pre><br />
* Mettre le flag boot sur la cle USB (gparted)<br />
<br />
==Banc à sable==<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
==Prerequisites for Linux installation==<br />
===Install needed software packages===<br />
For build kernel image for the apf27 Armadeus plateform, we should install uboot-mkimage program<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ sudo apt-get install uboot-mkimage<br />
</pre><br />
===Update the environment variables===<br />
Theses environment variables install the Android and Armadeus folder in our home directory, but of course, it can be placed anywhere! <br />
export ANDROID_SOURCE=~/apf27droid<br />
export ANDROID_SDK=~/android-sdk-linux_x86-1.5_r3<br />
export ARMADEUS=~/armadeus-3.1<br />
export PATH=${PATH}:${ANDROID_SDK}/tools:${ANDROID_SOURCE}/bin<br />
<br />
==Download Android source==<br />
The [http://source.android.com/download getting Android source] document describes how to set up our local work environment. <br />
Follow theses instructions until ''Installing Repo''.<br><br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ mkdir ANDROID_SOURCE<br />
$ cd $ANDROID_SOURCE<br />
$ mkdir bin<br />
$ curl http://android.git.kernel.org/repo >$ANDROID_SOURCE/bin/repo<br />
$ chmod a+x $ANDROID_SOURCE/bin/repo<br />
$ repo init -u git://android.git.kernel.org/platform/manifest.git -b android-sdk-1.5_r3<br />
$ repo sync<br />
</pre><br />
Since android-sdk-1.5_r3 branch, the Linux kernel isn't with the Android source, <br />
We can download it in a compress archive (tar.gz) file with this [http://android.git.kernel.org/?p=kernel/common.git;a=snapshot;h=refs/heads/android-2.6.29;sf=tgz android-kernel-2.6.29] (about (70Mib) or with git repository (more 300Mib)<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ mkdir $ANDROID_SOURCE/kernel<br />
cd $ANDROID_SOURCE/kernel<br />
git clone git://android.git.kernel.org/kernel/common.git android-2.6.29<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
<br />
#/home/rennes/dev/armadeus-3.1/downloads/<br />
./patch-kernel.sh /home/rennes/dev/android-source/kernel . patch-2.6.29.4.bz2<br />
#/home/rennes/dev/armadeus-3.1/buildroot/toolchain/kernel-headers<br />
./patch-kernel.sh /home/rennes/dev/android-source/kernel ./kernel-headers linux-2.6.29.4-\*.patch{,.gz,.bz2}<br />
#/home/rennes/dev/armadeus-3.1/buildroot/target/device/armadeus/linux/kernel-patches/2.6.29.4<br />
./patch-kernel.sh /home/rennes/dev/android-source/kernel ./2.6.29 \*.patch{,.gz,.bz2}<br />
mkdir /home/rennes/dev/android-source/kernel/drivers/armadeus<br />
cp -r /home/rennes/dev/armadeus-3.1/target/linux/modules/* /home/rennes/dev/android-source/kernel/drivers/armadeus<br />
<br />
make ARCH=arm CROSS_COMPILE=../prebuilt/linux-x86/toolchain/arm-eabi-4.2.1/bin/arm-eabi- uImage<br />
cp ./arch/arm/boot/uImage /tftpboot/apf27-linux.bin<br />
<br />
# modifier les arguments pour le démarage du noyau<br />
setenv bootargs console=ttySMX0,115200 mtdparts=mxc_nand.0:640k(U-boot)ro,384k(U-boot_env),512k(firmware),5M(kernel),-(rootfs) root=/dev/mtdblock4 rootfstype=jffs2 ip=192.168.1.24:192.168.1.189:192.168.1.1:255.255.255.0:apf27::off<br />
setenv mmcroot '/dev/mmcblk0p2 rw'<br />
setenv addmmcargs 'setenv bootargs ${bootargs} root=${mmcroot} rootfstype=${mmcrootfstype} init=\init androidboot.console=ttyS0'<br />
<br />
#installer MTD Utilies<br />
sudo apt-get install mtd-utils<br />
mkfs.jffs2 -r ./android-source/out/target/product/generic/system -n -o /tftpboot/apf27-rootfs.arm.jffs2a<br />
<br />
#installer les bibliothèques pour lancer make gconfig<br />
sudo apt-get install libgtk2.0-dev libglib2.0-dev libglade2-dev<br />
<br />
<br />
# modifier le fichier d'init.<br />
/home/rennes/dev/android-source/out/target/product/generic/root/init.rc<br />
<br />
$ cd $YOUR_PATH<br />
$ mkdir rootfs<br />
$ cd rootfs<br />
$ rm -rf *<br />
$ cp -Rfp ../android-source/out/target/product/generic/root/* .<br />
$ cp -Rfp ../android-source/out/target/product/generic/system/ .<br />
$ cp -Rfp ../android-source/out/target/product/generic/data/ .<br />
$ tar cfvz ../apf27-rootfs-android.tar.gz ./<br />
$ cd ..<br />
$ sudo blkid<br />
$ sudo mkfs.ext2 /dev/sdd1 (replace X with your MMC reader drive letter, if your Laptop has an integrated MMC reader then use mmcblk0p1 instead of sdX1)<br />
$ sudo mkdir -p /media/mmc<br />
$ sudo mount /dev/sdd1 /media/mmc <br />
$ sudo tar xvf apf27-rootfs-android.tar.gz -C /media/mmc<br />
$ sudo chmod -R 777 /media/mmc/*<br />
<br />
Sur l'APF27<br />
# mount /dev/mmcblk0p2 /mnt/mmc<br />
# strace -f -ff -tt -s 200 chroot /mnt/mmc /init androidboot.console=ttyS0<br />
# strace chroot /mnt/mmc /init androidboot.console=ttyS0<br />
<br />
# tester android avec l'emulateur<br />
$ make ARCH=arm goldfish_defconfig<br />
$ make ARCH=arm CROSS_COMPILE=../prebuilt/linux-x86/toolchain/arm-eabi-4.2.1/bin/arm-eabi<br />
# créer des AVD (Android Virtual Device)<br />
$ ~/dev/android-sdk-linux_x86-1.5_r3/tools/android create avd -n APF27-H -t 2 -s 272x480<br />
$ ~/dev/android-sdk-linux_x86-1.5_r3/tools/android create avd -n APF27-L -t 2 -s 480x272<br />
# cf http://developer.android.com/guide/developing/tools/emulator.html<br />
$ $ANDROID/out/host/linux-x86/bin/emulator -avd APF27-H -sysdir $ANDROID/out/target/product/generic/ -kernel $ANDROID/kernel/arch/arm/boot/zImage -data $ANDROID/out/target/product/generic/userdata.img -ramdisk $ANDROID/out/target/product/generic/ramdisk.img -system $ANDROID/out/target/product/generic/system.img<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
Android Root File system ¶<br />
<br />
Android emulator has 3 basic images on tools/lib/images directory.<br />
<br />
* ramdisk.img<br />
* system.img<br />
* userdata.img<br />
<br />
ramdisk.img is gziped cpio archive. ramdisk image is very small and contains configuration files, and some executable files such as init and recovery. The init file is not a regular system V init. It is made just for the Android and do special things to start up the Android system.<br />
<br />
system.img and userdata.img are VMS Alpha executable. system.img and userdata.img have the contents of /system and /data directory on root file system. They are mapped on NAND devices with yaffs2 file system. /dev/block/mtdblock0 for /system and /dev/block/mtdblock1 for /data.<br />
<br />
/system directory has libraries and default system packages (*.apk). /data directory has timezone, cache, and ApiDemos.apk package.<br />
<br />
The main services are zygote(/system/bin/app_process), runtime(/system/bin/runtime), and dbus(/system/bin/dbus-daemon). You can see the /etc/init.rc file on the Android ramdisk image.<br />
<br />
...<br />
zygote {<br />
exec /system/bin/app_process<br />
args {<br />
0 -Xzygote<br />
1 /system/bin<br />
2 --zygote<br />
}<br />
autostart 1<br />
}<br />
runtime {<br />
exec /system/bin/runtime<br />
autostart 1<br />
}<br />
...<br />
dbus {<br />
exec /system/bin/dbus-daemon<br />
args.0 --system<br />
args.1 --nofork<br />
autostart 1<br />
}<br />
...<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
Questions on ramdisk, userdata, and system img files<br />
<br />
ramdisk.img is a small partition image that is mounted read-only by the kernel at boot time. It only contains /init and a few config files. It is used to start init which will mount the rest of the system images properly and run the init procedure. A Ramdisk is a standard Linux feature.<br />
<br />
system.img is a partition image that will be mounted as / and thus contains all system binaries<br />
userdata.img is a partition image that can be mounted as /data and thus contains all application-specific and user-specific data.<br />
<br />
The build system generates these files, which can later be flashed to a real device, however the emulator uses them in a different way:<br />
<br />
* system.img is copied into a temporary file, which is used by the emulator session. So any change you make to / as root in the emulator are lost when the program exits<br />
<br />
* userdata.img is only used when you use -wipe-data. Instead, it uses ~/.android/userdata-qemu.img (on Unix) as the persistent /data partition image. Using -wipe-data simply copes the content of userdata.img into userdata-qemu.img</div>NicolasDhttp://armadeus.org/wiki/index.php?title=User:NicolasD&diff=7139User:NicolasD2009-07-29T13:29:48Z<p>NicolasD: /* Tips */</p>
<hr />
<div>Désolé de pourrir les 'recents changes' :)<br />
==Truc utile==<br />
Marre de perdre GRUB lors de la réinstallation de Windows ou de perdre l'accès à Windows après à installer Linux (c'est mon cas)<br><br />
ou tout simplement rendre inaccessible la partition Linux sur votre machine, voici un truc pour installer '''que''' GRUB sur une clé USB<br><br />
''Attention, l'ordre des actions est important''<br />
* Formatter la cle USB en fat32 (gparted)<br />
* Récuperer la liste des disques monter ainsi que leur ID <br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ sudo blkid<br />
/dev/sda1: UUID="CC5C86435C862872" TYPE="ntfs" <br />
/dev/sda5: UUID="aad30bf1-d620-4244-9fb5-42f4a38075fb" TYPE="ext3" <br />
/dev/sda6: TYPE="swap" UUID="e3163bab-1fcc-4bcd-844d-7dcabc35015c" <br />
/dev/sdb1: UUID="4C9D-547F" TYPE="vfat" <br />
</pre><br />
* installer Grub sur la cle USB<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ grub-install --no-floppy --root-directory=/media/disk /dev/sdb1 (remplacer sdb1 par la valeur récupérée avec la commande précédente)<br />
</pre><br />
* demonter le disque USB<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ sudo umount /media/disk<br />
</pre><br />
* Installer le MBR<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ sudo install-mbr /dev/sdb1<br />
</pre><br />
* Mettre le flag boot sur la cle USB (gparted)<br />
<br />
==Banc à sable==<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
==Prerequisites for Linux installation==<br />
===Install needed software packages===<br />
For build kernel image for the apf27 Armadeus plateform, we should install uboot-mkimage program<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ sudo apt-get install uboot-mkimage<br />
</pre><br />
===Update the environment variables===<br />
Theses environment variables install the Android and Armadeus folder in our home directory, but of course, it can be placed anywhere! <br />
export ANDROID_SOURCE=~/apf27droid<br />
export ANDROID_SDK=~/android-sdk-linux_x86-1.5_r3<br />
export ARMADEUS=~/armadeus-3.1<br />
export PATH=${PATH}:${ANDROID_SDK}/tools:${ANDROID_SOURCE}/bin<br />
<br />
==Download Android source==<br />
The [ http://source.android.com/download getting Android source] document describes how to set up our local work environment. <br />
Follow theses instructions until ''Installing Repo''.<br><br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ mkdir ANDROID_SOURCE<br />
$ cd $ANDROID_SOURCE<br />
$ mkdir bin<br />
$ curl http://android.git.kernel.org/repo >$ANDROID_SOURCE/bin/repo<br />
$ chmod a+x $ANDROID_SOURCE/bin/repo<br />
$ repo init -u git://android.git.kernel.org/platform/manifest.git -b android-sdk-1.5_r3<br />
$ repo sync<br />
</pre><br />
Since android-sdk-1.5_r3 branch, the Linux kernel isn't with the Android source, <br />
We can download it in a compress archive (tar.gz) file with this [http://android.git.kernel.org/?p=kernel/common.git;a=snapshot;h=refs/heads/android-2.6.29;sf=tgz android-kernel-2.6.29] (about (70Mib) or with git repository (more 300Mib)<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ mkdir $ANDROID_SOURCE/kernel<br />
cd $ANDROID_SOURCE/kernel<br />
git clone git://android.git.kernel.org/kernel/common.git android-2.6.29<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
<br />
#/home/rennes/dev/armadeus-3.1/downloads/<br />
./patch-kernel.sh /home/rennes/dev/android-source/kernel . patch-2.6.29.4.bz2<br />
#/home/rennes/dev/armadeus-3.1/buildroot/toolchain/kernel-headers<br />
./patch-kernel.sh /home/rennes/dev/android-source/kernel ./kernel-headers linux-2.6.29.4-\*.patch{,.gz,.bz2}<br />
#/home/rennes/dev/armadeus-3.1/buildroot/target/device/armadeus/linux/kernel-patches/2.6.29.4<br />
./patch-kernel.sh /home/rennes/dev/android-source/kernel ./2.6.29 \*.patch{,.gz,.bz2}<br />
mkdir /home/rennes/dev/android-source/kernel/drivers/armadeus<br />
cp -r /home/rennes/dev/armadeus-3.1/target/linux/modules/* /home/rennes/dev/android-source/kernel/drivers/armadeus<br />
<br />
make ARCH=arm CROSS_COMPILE=../prebuilt/linux-x86/toolchain/arm-eabi-4.2.1/bin/arm-eabi- uImage<br />
cp ./arch/arm/boot/uImage /tftpboot/apf27-linux.bin<br />
<br />
# modifier les arguments pour le démarage du noyau<br />
setenv bootargs console=ttySMX0,115200 mtdparts=mxc_nand.0:640k(U-boot)ro,384k(U-boot_env),512k(firmware),5M(kernel),-(rootfs) root=/dev/mtdblock4 rootfstype=jffs2 ip=192.168.1.24:192.168.1.189:192.168.1.1:255.255.255.0:apf27::off<br />
setenv mmcroot '/dev/mmcblk0p2 rw'<br />
setenv addmmcargs 'setenv bootargs ${bootargs} root=${mmcroot} rootfstype=${mmcrootfstype} init=\init androidboot.console=ttyS0'<br />
<br />
#installer MTD Utilies<br />
sudo apt-get install mtd-utils<br />
mkfs.jffs2 -r ./android-source/out/target/product/generic/system -n -o /tftpboot/apf27-rootfs.arm.jffs2a<br />
<br />
#installer les bibliothèques pour lancer make gconfig<br />
sudo apt-get install libgtk2.0-dev libglib2.0-dev libglade2-dev<br />
<br />
<br />
# modifier le fichier d'init.<br />
/home/rennes/dev/android-source/out/target/product/generic/root/init.rc<br />
<br />
$ cd $YOUR_PATH<br />
$ mkdir rootfs<br />
$ cd rootfs<br />
$ rm -rf *<br />
$ cp -Rfp ../android-source/out/target/product/generic/root/* .<br />
$ cp -Rfp ../android-source/out/target/product/generic/system/ .<br />
$ cp -Rfp ../android-source/out/target/product/generic/data/ .<br />
$ tar cfvz ../apf27-rootfs-android.tar.gz ./<br />
$ cd ..<br />
$ sudo blkid<br />
$ sudo mkfs.ext2 /dev/sdd1 (replace X with your MMC reader drive letter, if your Laptop has an integrated MMC reader then use mmcblk0p1 instead of sdX1)<br />
$ sudo mkdir -p /media/mmc<br />
$ sudo mount /dev/sdd1 /media/mmc <br />
$ sudo tar xvf apf27-rootfs-android.tar.gz -C /media/mmc<br />
$ sudo chmod -R 777 /media/mmc/*<br />
<br />
Sur l'APF27<br />
# mount /dev/mmcblk0p2 /mnt/mmc<br />
# strace -f -ff -tt -s 200 chroot /mnt/mmc /init androidboot.console=ttyS0<br />
# strace chroot /mnt/mmc /init androidboot.console=ttyS0<br />
<br />
# tester android avec l'emulateur<br />
$ make ARCH=arm goldfish_defconfig<br />
$ make ARCH=arm CROSS_COMPILE=../prebuilt/linux-x86/toolchain/arm-eabi-4.2.1/bin/arm-eabi<br />
# créer des AVD (Android Virtual Device)<br />
$ ~/dev/android-sdk-linux_x86-1.5_r3/tools/android create avd -n APF27-H -t 2 -s 272x480<br />
$ ~/dev/android-sdk-linux_x86-1.5_r3/tools/android create avd -n APF27-L -t 2 -s 480x272<br />
# cf http://developer.android.com/guide/developing/tools/emulator.html<br />
$ $ANDROID/out/host/linux-x86/bin/emulator -avd APF27-H -sysdir $ANDROID/out/target/product/generic/ -kernel $ANDROID/kernel/arch/arm/boot/zImage -data $ANDROID/out/target/product/generic/userdata.img -ramdisk $ANDROID/out/target/product/generic/ramdisk.img -system $ANDROID/out/target/product/generic/system.img<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
Android Root File system ¶<br />
<br />
Android emulator has 3 basic images on tools/lib/images directory.<br />
<br />
* ramdisk.img<br />
* system.img<br />
* userdata.img<br />
<br />
ramdisk.img is gziped cpio archive. ramdisk image is very small and contains configuration files, and some executable files such as init and recovery. The init file is not a regular system V init. It is made just for the Android and do special things to start up the Android system.<br />
<br />
system.img and userdata.img are VMS Alpha executable. system.img and userdata.img have the contents of /system and /data directory on root file system. They are mapped on NAND devices with yaffs2 file system. /dev/block/mtdblock0 for /system and /dev/block/mtdblock1 for /data.<br />
<br />
/system directory has libraries and default system packages (*.apk). /data directory has timezone, cache, and ApiDemos.apk package.<br />
<br />
The main services are zygote(/system/bin/app_process), runtime(/system/bin/runtime), and dbus(/system/bin/dbus-daemon). You can see the /etc/init.rc file on the Android ramdisk image.<br />
<br />
...<br />
zygote {<br />
exec /system/bin/app_process<br />
args {<br />
0 -Xzygote<br />
1 /system/bin<br />
2 --zygote<br />
}<br />
autostart 1<br />
}<br />
runtime {<br />
exec /system/bin/runtime<br />
autostart 1<br />
}<br />
...<br />
dbus {<br />
exec /system/bin/dbus-daemon<br />
args.0 --system<br />
args.1 --nofork<br />
autostart 1<br />
}<br />
...<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
Questions on ramdisk, userdata, and system img files<br />
<br />
ramdisk.img is a small partition image that is mounted read-only by the kernel at boot time. It only contains /init and a few config files. It is used to start init which will mount the rest of the system images properly and run the init procedure. A Ramdisk is a standard Linux feature.<br />
<br />
system.img is a partition image that will be mounted as / and thus contains all system binaries<br />
userdata.img is a partition image that can be mounted as /data and thus contains all application-specific and user-specific data.<br />
<br />
The build system generates these files, which can later be flashed to a real device, however the emulator uses them in a different way:<br />
<br />
* system.img is copied into a temporary file, which is used by the emulator session. So any change you make to / as root in the emulator are lost when the program exits<br />
<br />
* userdata.img is only used when you use -wipe-data. Instead, it uses ~/.android/userdata-qemu.img (on Unix) as the persistent /data partition image. Using -wipe-data simply copes the content of userdata.img into userdata-qemu.img</div>NicolasDhttp://armadeus.org/wiki/index.php?title=User:NicolasD&diff=7138User:NicolasD2009-07-29T13:23:51Z<p>NicolasD: New page: ==Tips== Marre de perdre GRUB lors de la réinstallation de Windows ou de perdre l'accès à Windows après à installer Linux (c'est mon cas)<br> ou tout simplement rendre inaccessible la...</p>
<hr />
<div>==Tips==<br />
Marre de perdre GRUB lors de la réinstallation de Windows ou de perdre l'accès à Windows après à installer Linux (c'est mon cas)<br><br />
ou tout simplement rendre inaccessible la partition Linux sur votre machine<br><br />
''Attention, l'ordre des actions est important''<br />
* Formatter la cle USB en fat32 (gparted)<br />
* Recuperer la liste des disques monter ainsi que leur ID <br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ sudo blkid<br />
/dev/sda1: UUID="CC5C86435C862872" TYPE="ntfs" <br />
/dev/sda5: UUID="aad30bf1-d620-4244-9fb5-42f4a38075fb" TYPE="ext3" <br />
/dev/sda6: TYPE="swap" UUID="e3163bab-1fcc-4bcd-844d-7dcabc35015c" <br />
/dev/sdb1: UUID="4C9D-547F" TYPE="vfat" <br />
</pre><br />
* installer Grub sur la cle USB<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ grub-install --no-floppy --root-directory=/media/disk /dev/sdb1 (remplacer sdb1 par la valeur récupérer avec la commande précédente)<br />
</pre><br />
* demonter le disque USB<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ sudo umount /media/disk<br />
</pre><br />
* Installer le MBR<br />
<pre class="host"><br />
$ sudo install-mbr /dev/sdb1<br />
</pre><br />
* Mettre le flag boot sur la cle USB (gparted)</div>NicolasD