Difference between revisions of "PWM"

Latest revision as of 12:30, 10 February 2022

On this page, you will find usefull informations to configure and use the Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) capabilities of your APF boards.

The i.MX processors are able to drive 2 types of PWM signals:

• one that is linked to the LCD controller and allows controlling the LCD backlight (fixed frequency)
• the other can be used to generate a PWM signal in several mode:
  • audio playback
  • real PWM

Hardware

PWM pin detail for each APF boards can be found here (under 'BaseBoards' section). On APF28Dev for example, PWM4 is on connector J10 at pin 26.

Linux driver installation

i.MX PWM driver is installed by default in standard Armadeus rootfs.

Note: On APF51Dev, as PWM outputs/pins are multiplexed and used as user LED and button by default, you may have to define APF51DEV_USE_LED_AS_PWM or APF51DEV_USE_SWITCH_AS_PWM in Linux sources (arch/arm/mach-mx5/apf51dev-baseboard.c), rebuild and reflash the Linux kernel.

Note: On APF6Dev, as PWM outputs is by default used for LCD's backlight control, you may have to modify APF6Dev device tree in Linux sources (arch/arm/boot/dts/imx6qdl-apf6dev.dtsi), rebuild and reflash the imx6q-apf6dev.dtb file.

Usage

• Load the driver (APF9328, APF27, APF51):

# modprobe imx-pwm
i.MX PWM driver v0.81
imx-pwm imx-pwm.0: initialized

• On APF28 with 2.6.35 kernel and on APF6 & OPOS6UL, the PWM driver is builtin so no need to load it before use.
• For the one who plan to use sound, /dev/pwm0 device file should be automatically created.

PWM Mode

Note: The PWM has a resolution of 1uS

After driver loading, you have access to /sys/class/pwm/... functionalities:

export PWM=pwm0    (on APF9328/APF27/APF51)
export PWM=pwm4    (on APF28Dev)

 # echo 500 > /sys/class/pwm/$PWM/frequency

 # echo 100 > /sys/class/pwm/$PWM/period

 # echo 500 > /sys/class/pwm/$PWM/duty

 # echo 1 > /sys/class/pwm/$PWM/active

 # echo 0 > /sys/class/pwm/$PWM/active

export PWM_CHIP=pwmchip2    (on APF6Dev)
export PWM_CHIP=pwmchip0    (on APF9328Dev/APF27Dev/APF51Dev/APF28Dev/OPOS6UL)

export PWM=0    (on APF9328Dev/APF27Dev/APF51Dev/APF6Dev/OPOS6UL)
export PWM=4    (on APF28Dev)

 # echo ${PWM} > /sys/class/pwm/${PWM_CHIP}/export

 # echo 100000 > /sys/class/pwm/${PWM_CHIP}/pwm${PWM}/period

 # echo 50000 > /sys/class/pwm/${PWM_CHIP}/pwm${PWM}/duty_cycle

 # echo 1 > /sys/class/pwm/${PWM_CHIP}/pwm${PWM}/enable

 # echo 0 > /sys/class/pwm/${PWM_CHIP}/pwm${PWM}/enable

Bash test script (2.6 kernels)

• A Bash test script is available given below. Just enter the desired frequency and duty cycle.

#!/bin/sh
#
# script to command imx pwm 
# usage : pwm_imx frequency duty 
#

if [ $# -lt 2 ] 
then
echo "Provide two arguments to this script !"
echo "pwm_imx frequency dutycycle"
exit 1
fi

SYS_DIR="/sys/class/pwm/pwm0/"
FREQUENCY=$1
DUTY=$2

DUTY=`(echo $DUTY | awk '{ print $1*10}')`

if [ ! -d "$SYS_DIR" ]; then
echo "Can't find /sys/ interface for PWM"
exit 1
fi

echo "Starting PWM"
echo 1 > $SYS_DIR/active

#SET FREQUENCY
echo $FREQUENCY > $SYS_DIR/frequency
echo "Setting PWM to $FREQUENCY Hz"

#SET DUTY CYCLE
echo $DUTY > $SYS_DIR/duty
echo "Setting DUTY to $2 %"

exit 0

• Other test script may be found in target/test/test_pwm.sh of your armadeus BSP

Audio Mode

Audio playback mode is working since v0.5 of PWM driver (thanks to SebastienR). You can play 8, 16 & 32 KHz 8bit linear RAW sound. It's recommended to play 8kHz one, as they are using less CPU resources. To convert a sound to the right format we recommend to use SoX (on Linux). For example:

[host]$ sox /usr/share/sounds/KDE_Chimes_1.ogg -r 8192 -b -u -c 1 Chimes.raw
-r -> sampling rate
-b -> byte/8bit signal
-u -> linear /not compressed
-c 1 -> Mono / 1 channel

Then you can test it using target/linux/modules/pwm/test/testplaymode, which can be compiled that way:

 $ make shell_env
 $ . armadeus_env.sh
 $ export PATH=$PATH:$ARMADEUS_TOOLCHAIN_PATH
 $ make -C target/linux/modules/pwm/test/
 $ cp target/linux/modules/pwm/test/testplaymode /tftpboot/
 $ cp target/linux/modules/pwm/test/KDE_Startup_2.raw /tftpboot/

on target do:

 # testplaymode

or

 # testplaymode KDE_Startup_2.raw

Going further

If you need more than one PWM at a time, you can use the APF's FPGA with the following project.

Links

• SoX, sound format converter
• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse-width_modulation