Difference between revisions of "PWM"

Revision as of 14:50, 15 August 2010

On this page, you will find usefull informations to configure and use the Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) capabilities of your APF boards.

The i.MX processor is capable of driving 2 PWM signals:

• one is linked to the LCD controller and allows controling the LCD backlight (fixed frequency)
• the other can be used to generate a PWM signal in several mode:
  • audio playback
  • real PWM

Hardware

Details on how can you find which pin of the APF board is used for the PWM output are given in each APF board wiki page:

• APF9328
• APF27
• APF9328DevLight
• APF9328DevFull development boards
• APF27Dev

i.MX PWM module is using PWMO (pin 2 of PortA on APF9328 and pin 5 of PortE on the APF27) as output.

• On APF9328DevLight this pin is accessible from TIMER zone under the board (See datasheets for more infos)
• On APF9328DevFull development boards this pin is connected to pin 4 (TIM2) of "Timers" connector (X21)
• On APF27Dev development boards this pin is connected to pin 4 of J22

Linux driver installation

i.MX PWM driver is installed by default in standard Armadeus rootfs.

Usage

• Load the driver:

# modprobe imx-pwm
i.MX PWM driver v0.8
imx-pwm imx-pwm.0: initialized

• For the one who plan to use sound, /dev/pwm0 device file should be automatically created.

PWM Mode

Note: The PWM has a resolution of 1uS

After driver loading, you have access to /sys/class/pwm/... functionalities:

• to change frequency (for example 500 Hz):

 # echo 500 > /sys/class/pwm/pwm0/frequency

• if you prefer working with periods (for example 100us):

 # echo 100 > /sys/class/pwm/pwm0/period

• to change duty cycle (for example 50.0%)

 # echo 500 > /sys/class/pwm/pwm0/duty

• to activate PWM:

 # echo 1 > /sys/class/pwm/pwm0/active

• to de-activate PWM:

 # echo 0 > /sys/class/pwm/pwm0/active

Bash test script

• A Bash test script is available given below. Just enter the desired frequency and duty cycle.

#!/bin/sh
#
# script to command imx pwm 
# usage : pwm_imx frequency duty 
#

if [ $# -lt 2 ] 
then
echo "Provide two arguments to this script !"
echo "pwm_imx frequency dutycycle"
exit 1
fi

SYS_DIR="/sys/class/pwm/pwm0/"
FREQUENCY=$1
DUTY=$2

DUTY=`(echo $DUTY | awk '{ print $1*10}')`

if [ ! -d "$SYS_DIR" ]; then
echo "Can't find /sys/ interface for PWM"
exit 1
fi

echo "Starting PWM"
echo 1 > $SYS_DIR/active

#SET FREQUENCY
echo $FREQUENCY > $SYS_DIR/frequency
echo "Setting PWM to $FREQUENCY Hz"

#SET DUTY CYCLE
echo $DUTY > $SYS_DIR/duty
echo "Setting DUTY to $2 %"

exit 0

Audio Mode

Audio playback mode is working since v0.5 of PWM driver (thanks to SebastienR). You can play 8, 16 & 32 KHz 8bit linear RAW sound. It's recommended to play 8kHz one, as they are using less CPU resources. To convert a sound to the right format we recommend to use SoX (on Linux). For example:

[host]$ sox /usr/share/sounds/KDE_Chimes_1.ogg -r 8192 -b -u -c 1 Chimes.raw
-r -> sampling rate
-b -> byte/8bit signal
-u -> linear /not compressed
-c 1 -> Mono / 1 channel

Then you can test it using target/linux/modules/pwm/test/testplaymode, which can be compiled that way:

 $ make shell_env
 $ . armadeus_env.sh
 $ export PATH=$PATH:$ARMADEUS_TOOLCHAIN_PATH
 $ make -C target/linux/modules/pwm/test/
 $ cp target/linux/modules/pwm/test/testplaymode /tftpboot/
 $ cp target/linux/modules/pwm/test/KDE_Startup_2.raw /tftpboot/

on target do:

 # testplaymode

or

 # testplaymode KDE_Startup_2.raw

Going further

If you need more than one PWM at a time, you can use the APF's FPGA with the following project.

Links

• SoX, sound format converter
• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse-width_modulation